In this thesis I examine precarity and necropolitics in the context of a religious institution namely the Jehovah’s witnesses. I specifically examine the conditions of LGBTI-children by the use of framing and the Jehovah’s witnesses own published material. I apply central concepts from Judith Butler’s and Achille Mbembe’s theories on precarity and necropolitics in order to explain what it means to not be born precarious and to explain Jehovah’s witnesses stand on homosexuality. I also develop and test my own theoretical framework that there are two types of institutions; institutions and shadow institutions in which death is distributed in the latter. I also develop a methodology from which these institutions can be distinguished.   The results show that the theories of Judith Butler, Achille Mbembe and my own theory on shadow institutions are indeed compatible and are united in a sort of necroprecarity. My results also show that there is a way to distinguish totalitarian and extremist groups from democratic groups by the use of framing and my theory of shadow institutions. My thesis also highlights the importance of anti-integration for people existing in a non-living state.   This thesis offers a new methodology and can therefore be seen as a first step towards knotting together groups and organizations such as political extremist groups, criminal gangs, dictatorships and religious cults under the umbrella of shadow institutions. Which by itself can be the foundation for a new field of research. By distinguishing institutions from shadow institutions this methodology can be seen as a tool to counteract anti-democratic movements in order to create a more peaceful and stable society.

Under de senaste åren har flexibla anställningar kommit att bli allt mer vanligt förekommande på den svenska arbetsmarknaden. Undersökningar som gjorts inom området flexibiliseringsorganisering samt arbetstagares hälsa och välbefinnande, verkar vid flertalet tillfällen skilja sig åt. Medan vissa studier indikerar på hur arbetstagare med flexibla villkor framgår känna större lojalitet till arbetsgivaren och uppleva en större tillfredsställelse i arbetet, tyder andra istället på hur villkoren i flexibla anställningar verkar ha en koppling till ohälsa och stress. Studien syftar till att undersöka följderna av flexibla anställningar inom den svenska mediebranschen. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med utgångspunkt i frågeställningarna: “Vilken inställning har frilansare inom den svenska mediebranschen till projektanställning som anställningsform?” samt “I vilken form tar sig prekaritet i uttryck i frilansarnas privat- och arbetsliv?”. I studien medverkade totalt 52 stycken respondenter. För att besvara rapportens frågeställningar har en kvalitativ, (fokusgrupp), samt kvantitativ, (enkätundersökning), metod tillämpats. I de två fokusgrupper som hölls deltog tre personer i vardera grupp. Medan fokusgrupp 1 utgjordes av studenter, som vid sidan av studierna arbetade med frilans inom mediebranschen, bestod fokusgrupp 2 av tre frilansare med långvarig erfarenhet inom området. Samtliga respondenter som medverkat i fokusgrupperna utförde även enkätundersökningen, tillsammans med resterande 46 stycken deltagare. Resultatet visar på att majoriteten av deltagarna i såväl fokusgrupper som enkätstudien har en positiv inställning till projektanställningar som anställningsform. Dock uppgav flertalet frilansare sig uppleva prekära förhållanden i sina privat- och arbetsliv. Dessa framgår ta sig i uttryck i form av stress, ekonomisk otrygghet samt svårigheter med att avgränsa arbetet. Studiens slutsats tyder på att självförverkligande därmed verkar prioriteras framför behovet av trygghet. / In recent years, flexible employment has become increasingly common in the Swedish labor market. Surveys conducted in the area of flexibility organization, as well as the health and well-being of employees, appear to differ on a number of occasions. While some studies indicate how workers with flexible conditions appear to feel greater loyalty to the employer and experience greater job satisfaction, others instead indicate on how the conditions in flexible employment appear to be linked to ill health and stress. The study aims to investigate the consequences of flexible employment in the Swedish media industry. The empirical material has been analyzed on the basis of the questions: "What attitude do freelancers in the Swedish media industry have for project employment as an employment type?" and "In what form does precarity take expression in the private and working life of freelancers?". A total of 52 respondents participated in the study. To answer the report's questions, a qualitative, (focus group), as well as a quantitative, (survey), method has been applied. In the two focus groups that were held, three people participated in each group. While focus group 1 consisted of students, who in addition to their studies worked with freelance within the media industry, focus group 2 consisted of three freelancers with long-term experience in the field. All respondents who participated in the focus groups also conducted the survey, together with the remaining 46 participants. The result shows that the majority of participants in both focus groups and the survey study have a positive attitude towards project employment as a working model. However, most freelancers stated that they experienced precarious conditions in their private and working lives. These appear to be expressed in the form of stress, financial insecurity and difficulties in defining work. The study's conclusion suggests that self-realization thus seems to be given priority over the need for security.

This study examines the various forms of precarity within the temporary staffing industry and how the industry can be understood as a producer of precarity. From a worker’s perspective, we have with a hermeneutic approach and qualitative method conducted eight semistructured interviews with temporary staffing employees working in the industrial sector. The purpose of the interviews was to explore how workers in the staffing industry experience their employment conditions to compare the experiences with existing knowledge about the temporary staffing industry. Drawing on Guy Standing’s (2011) theory of the precariat and David Harvey's (1982, 2005) theories of capitalism and neoliberalism, we have interpreted the emergence and expansion of the temporary staffing industry and its precarious terms of employment. Our findings indicate that the forms of precarity within the temporary staffing industry shows through lack of integration, competence development, participation in the workplace, and the employment’s impact on the employees' decisions in their personal lives. The conclusion is that the temporary staffing industry, in its current form, will always produce precarity because the employees' job security is not prioritized. / Studien undersöker vilka former prekaritet kan ta inom bemanningsbranschen och hur bemanningsbranschen kan förstås som en producent av prekaritet. Utifrån ett arbetstagarperspektiv har vi genom kvalitativ metod och hermeneutisk ansats genomfört åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med bemanningsanställda inom industrisektorn. Syftet med intervjuerna var att undersöka hur arbetstagare i bemanningsbranschen upplever sina anställningsvillkor för att vidare kunna jämföra upplevelserna med tidigare kunskap om bemanningsbranschen. Med utgångspunkt i Guy Standings (2011) teori om prekariatet och David Harveys (1982, 2005) teorier om kapitalism och nyliberalism har vi tolkat framväxten och expansionen av bemanningsbranschen samt dess otrygga anställningsvillkor. Vårt resultat visar att bemanningsbranschens former av prekaritet tar sig i uttryck i  brist på integrering, kompetensutveckling och delaktighet samt anställningens påverkan  på arbetstagares privatliv. Slutsatsen är att bemanningsbranschen i sin nuvarande form alltid kommer att producera prekaritet eftersom arbetstagarnas tryggheter inte prioriteras.

This thesis focuses on the possibilities of precarity as a perspective in the field of literary studies in order to analyse how insecurity is portrayed in literature. Sweden has a great tradition of proletarian literature, but researchers in the neoliberal era find it problematic to understand the emancipating aspects of the new proletarian literature that does not focus on collective movement and articulated emancipation. This thesis explores the possibilities of precarity as a perspective for analysing how literature narrated through an individual and passive perspective can work as a social critique. The analysis focuses on the novels Kärlekens Antarktis [The Antarctica of Love] by Sara Stridsberg and De afghanska sönerna [The Afghan Sons] by Elin Persson and tries to answer questions about how these novels portray precarity and how the perspective of precarity enables an understanding of how the novels work as social criticism. The thesis mostly uses theories by Judith Butler and Isabell Lorey, and the analysis uses a comparative method in combination with a reading that focuses on the thematics of precarity. This is disposed in connection to Lorey’s three dimensions of precarity – precariousness, precarity, and governmental precarization. The analysis results in an understanding of how these kinds of novels can capture the biopolitical perspective, where politics and life emerge. The reading’s focus on the aspect of the body, followed by the hierarchical and societal aspects, shows how the novels’ individual perspectives can have collective tendencies in connection to the reader’s ability to feel solidarity with the characters.

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