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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Předoperační příprava v kontextu historického vývoje / Pre-operational preparation in the context of historical development

STUCHLÍKOVÁ, Jindřiška January 2019 (has links)
The thesis "Preoperative Preparation in the Context of Historical Development" is a theoretical dissertation that deals with the history of not only the preoperative preparation but also with nursing and surgery dividing them into several time horizons. The preoperative preparation is an inseparable part of any surgery and based on it the nursing specifications are determined. This thesis is written as a detailed search of primary and secondary sources. The thesis is divided into four main chapters that deal with the history of the preoperative preparation in connection with nursing, nurse education and the preoperative preparation today. The preoperative preparation has undergone many changes during its development. It was influenced by the factors occurring at that time. Nurses had to adapt to the time to be able to respond to changes and to learn in terms of surgery. The aim of the thesis was to analyse the development of the preoperative preparation and point out the influence of the nursing care on the preoperative preparation from a historical perspective. Two research questions were chosen at the outset in connection with the objective: How did the preoperative preparation develop? How has the preoperative preparation changed over time? On the basis of a textual analysis, it emerged the greatest development occurred in the 19th century because that is the time when the preoperative preparation got its name. This dissertation describes it is written using an analytical method, and consequently it is elaborated as an interpretive text.
112

Patienters känslor och förväntningar inför operation : En intervjustudie

Akander, Sara, Nilsson, Hanna January 2019 (has links)
SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Inför en operation ska patienter erhålla preoperativ information som är essentiell och individanpassad, vilket genererar lugn och trygghet på operationsdagen. Enligt tidigare studier är den preoperativa informationen ej tillräcklig eller individanpassad. Detta resulterar i ökad oro och ångest inför kommande operation. Operationssjuksköterskan tillser att patienten under den perioperativa omvårdnaden upplever trygghet samt bli sedd och hörd som en individ utifrån personcentrerad vård (PCV). Syfte: Arbetets syfte var att beskriva patienters känslor och förväntningar inför en operation baserat på tilldelad preoperativ information. Metod: Detta är ett kvalitativt deskriptivt arbete med induktiv ansats. Totalt 16 deltagare intervjuades från ett universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige. En kvalitativ analysmetod har använts för bearbetning av data. Resultat: Intervjusvaren indelades i fyra kategorier efter analysen; Känslor inför operationen, Personalens agerande gjorde deltagarna delaktiga, Inställning till den preoperativa informationen samt Deltagarnas förväntan på operationens resultat. Deltagarnas känslor påverkades om tillräcklig information givits preoperativt, personalens handlingar utifrån PCV och deras förväntningar om att bli bättre efter operationen. Personalens handlade resulterade i att deltagarna upplevde sig bekräftade, hörda och kunde ha en öppen dialog om sin operation. Slutsats: Arbetets kategorier påverkade varandra och påvisade att ett gott personcentrerat bemötande gav en god relation mellan personal och patient, men framförallt att erhålla en god och tydlig preoperativ information. En god relation ger en känsla av delaktighet, positiva känslor och förväntningar inför sin operation samt minskade negativa känslor som oro och rädsla hos patienterna. Personcentrerat bemötande och individanpassad information har en stor påverkan på patienternas känslor och förväntningar av sin operation. / ABSTRACT Background: Before an operation, patients should receive preoperative information that’s essential and individualized, which provides peace and security to the patients on surgery day. According to previous studies, preoperative information was neither sufficient nor individualized which resulted in increased anxiety prior to surgery. Surgical nurses ensure during perioperative care that the patients are seen and heard as individuals, based on person-centered care (PCC). Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the patient’s feelings and expectations before surgery based on provided preoperative information. Method: This was a qualitative descriptive study with inductive approach. Sixteen participants were interviewed from a university hospital in central Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used for data processing. Results: Four categories appeared after analysis; Emotions Prior to Operation, Involvement of Participant’s by Staff, Attitude About the Preoperative Information and Participant’s Expectations of Operation Results. Participant’s emotions were regulated by sufficiently provided information, the staff’s actions based on PCC and their expectations of improvement after surgery. When staff acted after PCC, participants felt acknowledged and capable of having an open dialogue about their surgery. Conclusion: The categories influenced each other and demonstrates that person-centered approach provides a good relationship between staff and patient, but above all else the importance of providing quality preoperative information. Good relationships invite positive pre-surgery emotions, expectations, patient participation and reduces negative emotions like anxiety and fear. Person-centered care and personalized information have a positive impact on the patient’s emotions and expectations.
113

"Avaliação do estado de ansiedade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas sob regime ambulatorial ou sob regime de internação" / Evaluation of anxiety state in patients submitted to elective surgery in an outpatient or hospitalization regime

Giuntini, Patricia Bodnar 27 April 2006 (has links)
Introdução. A ansiedade é um sentimento normal que prepara o organismo para situações adversas. É difícil de ser quantificada, porém pode ser estimada por meio de escalas subjetivas como a analógica visual, a comportamental e a verbal ou de maneira objetiva indireta por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos ou quantificação de hormônios do estresse no plasma ou na saliva. Cirurgias realizadas sob regime ambulatorial acarretam menor custo e menor índice de infecção hospitalar. No entanto, não existem dados suficientes para afirmar que a não internação hospitalar provoca menor grau de ansiedade nos pacientes. Objetivo. Quantificar e comparar mediante a utilização de escalas, questionários e dosagem do cortisol salivar, o grau de ansiedade de pacientes submetidas a cirurgias sob regime ambulatorial ou sob regime de internação. Casuística e método – Foram constituídos dois grupos de 12 pacientes cada um: grupo RA no qual as pacientes foram operadas eletivamente sob regime ambulatorial e grupo RI no qual as pacientes foram operadas eletivamente sob regime de internação. Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas quanto ao estado de ansiedade na véspera e no dia da cirurgia por meio da aplicação das escalas de Spielberger (traço e estado), verbal e analógica visual e da quantificação do cortisol salivar. Avaliou-se ainda o comportamento hemodinâmico. A coleta da saliva foi realizada em dois momentos: na véspera e no dia da cirurgia. Saliva para quantificação do cortisol foi coletada no sétimo e oitavo dias pós-operatório para avaliação do ritmo basal das pacientes. Resultados. Os dados demográficos entre os dois grupos, considerando idade e peso, mostraram-se estatisticamente idênticos. Em relação ao padrão hemodinâmico, não houve diferença entre os dois grupos de regime de internação na véspera da cirurgia. No dia da cirurgia, o grupo RA apresentou pressão arterial diastólica maior do que o grupo RI. Nos demais parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial sistólica e freqüência cardíaca) não houve diferença entre os grupos. A avaliação da ansiedade verificada por meio da Escala Verbal não evidenciou diferença entre os grupos na véspera e no dia da cirurgia, enquanto que, no dia da cirurgia, as pacientes do regime ambulatorial apresentaram, na Escala Analógica Visual, escores de ansiedade maiores que as pacientes do regime de internação. Na escala de Spielberger, o traço-ansiedade encontrado nos grupos foi similar e o estado-ansiedade, na véspera da cirurgia, foi maior no grupo operado sob regime ambulatorial. Não houve diferença entre os grupos no tocante ao cortisol salivar. Conclusão. Pacientes operadas sob regime ambulatorial apresentaram maior grau de ansiedade do que as pacientes operadas sob regime de internação. / Introduction. Anxiety is a normal feeling that prepares the organism for adverse situations. It is hard to quantify, but can be estimated through subjective scales like the visual analogue, behavioral and verbal scales or in an indirect objective way, using hemodynamic parameters or quantification of stress hormones in plasma or saliva. Outpatient surgeries entail lower costs and hospital infection rates. However, there is no sufficient data to affirm that non hospitalization provokes lower anxiety levels in patients. Objective. To quantify and compare anxiety levels between patients submitted to outpatient or inpatient surgery using scales, questionnaires and salivary cortisol measurement. Methods. We constituted two groups with 12 patients each: group RA, in which patients were subject to elective outpatient surgery and group RI, in which patients were hospitalized for elective surgery. All patients were assessed for anxiety on the evening before and on the day of surgery by applying Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety, the verbal and visual analogue scales and by quantifying salivary cortisol. We also evaluated hemodynamic behavior. Saliva samples were collected at two times: on the evening before and on the day of surgery. Saliva for cortisol measurement was collected on the seventh and eighth day after surgery to evaluate patients’ baseline rhythm. Results. When considering age and weight, demographic data were statistically identical between both groups. On the evening before surgery, no differences were found in terms of hemodynamic standards. On the day of surgery, we found higher diastolic blood pressure for group RA than for group RI. No differences were found between both groups for other hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure and heart rate). The results of the Verbal Scale did not show any difference in anxiety between the groups, neither on the evening before nor on the day of surgery. When using the Visual Analogue Scale, outpatients presented higher anxiety scores than inpatients on the day of surgery. On Spielberger’s scale, trait-anxiety in both groups was similar, while outpatients revealed higher state-anxiety on the evening before surgery. No differences were found in salivary cortisol levels. Conclusion. Patients operated on in an outpatient regime present higher anxiety levels than patients hospitalized for surgery.
114

Avaliação pré-operatória transdisciplinar: elaboração e validação de um instrumento para segurança do paciente cirúrgico / Transdisciplinary Preoperative Evaluation: Elaboration and Validation of an Instrument for Surgical Patient Safety

Pachioni, Catharina Ferreira de Meira 15 June 2018 (has links)
A cultura da segurança do paciente cirúrgico está em evidência devido ao crescente número de erros e eventos adversos, os quais poderiam ser prevenidos. A avaliação pré-operatória permite que o enfermeiro do Centro Cirúrgico junto com os demais enfermeiros e o anestesiologista, elabore um plano de cuidados para reduzir e prevenir as complicações pós-operatórias. Com os dados obtidos com a avaliação pré-operatória, e as dúvidas dos pacientes esclarecidas, identificam-se as necessidades de cada um, traçando intervenções que buscam solucionar os problemas que possam dificultar o procedimento cirúrgico. Acredita-se que a vivência dos pacientes relacionada aos questionamentos, muitas vezes repetida e dispersa, decorra da coleta efetuada por diversos profissionais envolvidos com as avaliações, da inexistência de um instrumento transdisciplinar de avaliação pré-operatória que na maioria das vezes, está associada uma falha na comunicação entre os profissionais. Objetivo: elaborar e validar um instrumento de avaliação pré-operatória transdisciplinar para garantir a segurança do paciente cirúrgico no período transoperatório. Método: estudo metodológico com técnicas psicométricas baseado na revisão dos guidelines da Associação Brasileira de Enfermeiros de Centro Cirúrgico, Recuperação Anestésica e Centro de Material e Esterilização (SOBECC), Association of periOperative Registered Nurse (AORN), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) e European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), sendo realizado através da etapa de validação de conteúdo de um instrumento de avaliação pré-operatória transdisciplinar. Resultado: o instrumento desenvolvido foi elaborado com base na revisão dos guidelines relevantes das áreas de enfermagem perioperatória e anestesiologia. Foram encontradas semelhanças nos guidelines preconizados pela SOBECC e AORN em quatro categorias. Já os guidelines preconizados pela ASA e ESA eram similares em três categorias. Em relação a validação de conteúdo, o instrumento apresentou índices satisfatórios na validação de conteúdo pelo coeficiente de conteúdo total, variando de 0,83 a 0,99. Recomenda-se a aplicação-piloto informatizada deste instrumento. Conclusão: Nas fases de validação, o instrumento apresentou resultados significativos, tornando-se uma importante ferramenta para garantir a segurança do paciente no período perioperatório. / The safety of the surgical patient is at the forefront of society due to the increasing number of incidents and adverse events that have been extensively documented and could have been otherwise prevented. The preoperative evaluation allows the nurse of the Surgical Center, along with the other nurses and the anesthesiologist, to develop procedures to reduce and prevent postoperative complications. Using the data obtained from the preoperative evaluation and clarifying the doubts of patients, the needs of each patient are identified, tracing interventions that seek to solve the problems that may hinder the surgical procedure. It is believed that the current practice of asking repetitive questions to patients, often exaggerated and dispersed throughout the medical record, results from the uncoordinated actions of several professionals involved in the evaluation and the lack of a transdisciplinary preoperative evaluation instrument, which more often than not leads to miscommunication among professionals. Objective: elaborate and validate a transdisciplinary preoperative evaluation instrument to guarantee the safety of the surgical patient in the transoperative period. Method: a methodological with psychometric techniques study based on the revision of the guidelines of Brazilian Association of Nurses of Surgical Center, Anesthetic Recovery and Material and Sterilization Center (SOBECC), Association of periOperative Registered Nurse (AORN), American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) and European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), being carried out through the validation stage of content of a transdisciplinary preoperative evaluation instrument. Result: the developed instrument was elaborated based on the revision of the relevant guidelines of the areas of perioperative nursing and anesthesiology. Similarities were found between the guidelines recommended by SOBECC and AORN in four categories. In turn, the guidelines favored by ASA and ESA were similar in three categories. With regards to content validation, the instrument presented satisfactory contents indexes for coefficient of total content, ranging from 0.83 to 0.99. The pilot application of this computadorized instrument is recommended. Conclusion: In the validation phases, the instrument presented significant results, consisting in an important tool to guarantee patient safety during the perioperative period.
115

Proposta de acolhimento pré-operatório de enfermagem como intervenção no cancelamento de cirurgias entre os usuários do SUS / A proposal for pre operation admission by nursing staff as means of reducing cancellation of surgery among SUS patients

Silva, Grácia Maria Garcia 28 February 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-24T12:27:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Grácia Maria Garcia Silva.pdf: 1921629 bytes, checksum: 11acbb31f2a9d74c5cce8f0746ba8a8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T12:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grácia Maria Garcia Silva.pdf: 1921629 bytes, checksum: 11acbb31f2a9d74c5cce8f0746ba8a8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / The cancellation of surgeries is significant in many hospitals, not only in Brazil. The motifs are repeated in all studies, varying only by orders, and most are avoidable causes. All cancellation creates stress for the patient and burden the institution, also reflecting inefficiency in management. Faced with this reality, in which SUS (Health Unic System) patients are the most impaired, the work proposes a nursing intervention to reduce cancellations of surgeries for these patients. The study, conducted with 159 SUS patients with scheduled elective surgeries, consisted of a nursing consultation and an active search (telephone contact with the patient or family member) 48 hours before the surgery. A retrospective study was also performed on the surgical procedures performed and suspended, by specialty, reason for suspension and source of payment (SUS, Agreement and Particular) from January 2014 to November 2017. The average number of suspensions of research surgeries was 17.0%, above the historical average (10.4%) and the historical average of SUS (14.0%). The rate of suspension when there was contact with the patient or with a relative was 15.3%, lower than the rate when there was no contact (22.0%). As the percentages of patientrelated causes (44.4%) were similar to non-relative ones (55.6%), joint action is recommended between health teams and the institution, in order to reduce cancellation of surgeries / O cancelamento de cirurgias é significativo em muitos hospitais, não apenas do Brasil. Os motivos se repetem em todos os estudos, variando apenas as ordens, e a maioria são causas evitáveis. Todo cancelamento gera stress para o paciente e onera a instituição, refletindo também ineficiência na gestão. Diante desta realidade, na qual os pacientes do SUS são os mais prejudicados, o trabalho propõe uma intervenção de enfermagem para diminuir os cancelamentos das cirurgias para esses pacientes. O estudo, feito com 159 pacientes do SUS com cirurgias eletivas agendadas, foi composto de uma consulta de enfermagem e de uma busca ativa (contato telefônico com o paciente ou familiar), 48 horas antes da cirurgia. Foi feito, também, um estudo retrospectivo sobre as cirurgias agendas, realizadas e suspensas, por especialidade, motivo de suspensão e fonte pagadora (SUS, Convênio e Particular) de janeiro de 2014 a novembro de 2017. A média de suspensões de cirurgias da pesquisa foi de 17,0%, acima da média histórica geral (10,4%) e da média histórica do SUS (14,0%). A taxa de suspensão quando houve o contato com o paciente ou com um familiar foi de 15,3%, inferior à taxa de quando não houve o contato (22,0%). Como os percentuais de causas relativas aos pacientes (44,4%) foram semelhantes aos não relativos (55,6%), recomenda-se uma ação conjunta entre as equipes de saúde e a instituição, de modo a diminuir os cancelamentos de cirurgias
116

Parâmetros nutricionais na predição da mortalidade em 30 e 90 dias pós gastrectomia por câncer

Poziomyck, Aline Kirjner January 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A desnutrição é muito prevalente em pacientes com câncer gástrico e aumenta o risco de morbidade e mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar qual o método de avaliação nutricional melhor prediz a mortalidade de 90 dias. Métodos: Quarenta e quatro pacientes, 29 homens e 15 mulheres; média(DP) 63 anos de idade (10,2) anos (intervalo = 34 a 83), submetidos a ressecções cirúrgicas, nove gastrectomias parciais e 34 (77,3%) gastrectomias totais para os tumores do estômago (Estágio II a IIIa ) foram avaliados no pré-operatório pela Avaliação Subjetiva Global Produzida Pelo Paciente (ASG-PPP), antropometria e métodos laboratoriais como previamente validados em outros estudos. Resultados: Vinte e nove (66%) eram desnutridos pelo método subjetivo, sendo 15 grau A, 18 grau B e 11 casos grau C. A média(DP) de espessura do músculo adutor do polegar da mão dominante (MAPD) foi de 13,2(3,8) mm e a média de albumina sérica(DP) foi de 3,9(0,5)g/dL. Os casos com ASG-PPP-B (p<0,013) e com MAPD ≤10,8mm (p=0,003) foram significativamente associados à maior mortalidade. As curvas ROC (intervalo de confiança de 95%) de ambas ASG-PPP e espessura da MAPD (0,74 e 0,78) fidedignamente predisseram mortalidade em 30 dias e 0,739 e 0,866 respectivamente em 90 dias. Conclusão: ASG-PPP e espessura da MAPD podem ser utilizados como parâmetros pré-operatórios para risco de morte. / Background: Malnutrition is very prevalent in patients with gastric cancer and increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine which nutritional assessment method better predicts 90-days mortality. Methods: Forty-four patients, 29 men and 15 women; mean(SD) age of 63(10.2) yr (range = 34 to 83), undergoing surgical resections, nine (20,5%) partial gastrectomies and 34(77,3%) total gastrectomies for stomach tumors (Stage II to IIIa) were preoperatively assessed by Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometry and by laboratory sampling as previously validated in other studies. Results: Twenty-nine (66%) of them were unnourished by the subjective method as 15 grade A, 18 grade B, and 11 grade C cases. Mean(SD) of dominant hand adductor pollicis muscle thickness (DAPMT) was 13.2(3.8) mm and mean(SD) serum albumin was 3.9(0.5)g/dL. PG-SGA grade B cases (P<0.013) and DAPMT ≤10,8mm (P=0,003) were significantly associated with higher mortality. Receiver operating characteristic curves (95% confidence interval) both PG-SGA and DAPMT (0.74 and 0.78) reliably predicted in 30-day and 0.739 and 0.866 respectively in 90-day mortality. Conclusion: PG-SGA and DAPMT may be used as preoperative parameter of risk of death.
117

"Avaliação do estado de ansiedade em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas sob regime ambulatorial ou sob regime de internação" / Evaluation of anxiety state in patients submitted to elective surgery in an outpatient or hospitalization regime

Patricia Bodnar Giuntini 27 April 2006 (has links)
Introdução. A ansiedade é um sentimento normal que prepara o organismo para situações adversas. É difícil de ser quantificada, porém pode ser estimada por meio de escalas subjetivas como a analógica visual, a comportamental e a verbal ou de maneira objetiva indireta por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos ou quantificação de hormônios do estresse no plasma ou na saliva. Cirurgias realizadas sob regime ambulatorial acarretam menor custo e menor índice de infecção hospitalar. No entanto, não existem dados suficientes para afirmar que a não internação hospitalar provoca menor grau de ansiedade nos pacientes. Objetivo. Quantificar e comparar mediante a utilização de escalas, questionários e dosagem do cortisol salivar, o grau de ansiedade de pacientes submetidas a cirurgias sob regime ambulatorial ou sob regime de internação. Casuística e método – Foram constituídos dois grupos de 12 pacientes cada um: grupo RA no qual as pacientes foram operadas eletivamente sob regime ambulatorial e grupo RI no qual as pacientes foram operadas eletivamente sob regime de internação. Todas as pacientes foram avaliadas quanto ao estado de ansiedade na véspera e no dia da cirurgia por meio da aplicação das escalas de Spielberger (traço e estado), verbal e analógica visual e da quantificação do cortisol salivar. Avaliou-se ainda o comportamento hemodinâmico. A coleta da saliva foi realizada em dois momentos: na véspera e no dia da cirurgia. Saliva para quantificação do cortisol foi coletada no sétimo e oitavo dias pós-operatório para avaliação do ritmo basal das pacientes. Resultados. Os dados demográficos entre os dois grupos, considerando idade e peso, mostraram-se estatisticamente idênticos. Em relação ao padrão hemodinâmico, não houve diferença entre os dois grupos de regime de internação na véspera da cirurgia. No dia da cirurgia, o grupo RA apresentou pressão arterial diastólica maior do que o grupo RI. Nos demais parâmetros hemodinâmicos (pressão arterial sistólica e freqüência cardíaca) não houve diferença entre os grupos. A avaliação da ansiedade verificada por meio da Escala Verbal não evidenciou diferença entre os grupos na véspera e no dia da cirurgia, enquanto que, no dia da cirurgia, as pacientes do regime ambulatorial apresentaram, na Escala Analógica Visual, escores de ansiedade maiores que as pacientes do regime de internação. Na escala de Spielberger, o traço-ansiedade encontrado nos grupos foi similar e o estado-ansiedade, na véspera da cirurgia, foi maior no grupo operado sob regime ambulatorial. Não houve diferença entre os grupos no tocante ao cortisol salivar. Conclusão. Pacientes operadas sob regime ambulatorial apresentaram maior grau de ansiedade do que as pacientes operadas sob regime de internação. / Introduction. Anxiety is a normal feeling that prepares the organism for adverse situations. It is hard to quantify, but can be estimated through subjective scales like the visual analogue, behavioral and verbal scales or in an indirect objective way, using hemodynamic parameters or quantification of stress hormones in plasma or saliva. Outpatient surgeries entail lower costs and hospital infection rates. However, there is no sufficient data to affirm that non hospitalization provokes lower anxiety levels in patients. Objective. To quantify and compare anxiety levels between patients submitted to outpatient or inpatient surgery using scales, questionnaires and salivary cortisol measurement. Methods. We constituted two groups with 12 patients each: group RA, in which patients were subject to elective outpatient surgery and group RI, in which patients were hospitalized for elective surgery. All patients were assessed for anxiety on the evening before and on the day of surgery by applying Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety, the verbal and visual analogue scales and by quantifying salivary cortisol. We also evaluated hemodynamic behavior. Saliva samples were collected at two times: on the evening before and on the day of surgery. Saliva for cortisol measurement was collected on the seventh and eighth day after surgery to evaluate patients’ baseline rhythm. Results. When considering age and weight, demographic data were statistically identical between both groups. On the evening before surgery, no differences were found in terms of hemodynamic standards. On the day of surgery, we found higher diastolic blood pressure for group RA than for group RI. No differences were found between both groups for other hemodynamic parameters (systolic blood pressure and heart rate). The results of the Verbal Scale did not show any difference in anxiety between the groups, neither on the evening before nor on the day of surgery. When using the Visual Analogue Scale, outpatients presented higher anxiety scores than inpatients on the day of surgery. On Spielberger’s scale, trait-anxiety in both groups was similar, while outpatients revealed higher state-anxiety on the evening before surgery. No differences were found in salivary cortisol levels. Conclusion. Patients operated on in an outpatient regime present higher anxiety levels than patients hospitalized for surgery.
118

Improving Spiritual Care in Preoperative Nursing

Ogbuji, Victoria Ngozi 01 January 2019 (has links)
Spirituality and nursing have been intertwined from the beginning of the profession; however, there is little evidence that clearly defines spiritual nursing care and no standardized practices that can be included in the routine preoperative plan of care for patients undergoing invasive surgical procedures. The purpose of this project was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to define spiritual care and identify specific spiritual nursing care interventions. The biopsychosocial model, Narayanasamy's transcultural care practice model, and Watson's theory of human caring provided the theoretical framework for the project. MEDLINE, PubMed, Wiley online library, SCIENCE, WOS, Cochrane, and SciELO databases were searched for the literature review. Keywords and phrases used included spirituality, spiritual nursing care, holistic health practices, inpatient, hospital, and preoperative care. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) II tool was used for data analysis. Interventions found in the literature to be supportive of spirituality included healing presence; providing effective communication; praying with the patient and family or facilitating other religious rituals; using the therapeutic self to be with the patient; listening to and exploring the patients' spiritual perspectives; and showing support and empathy through patient-centered caring, nurturing spirituality, and creating a healing environment. Employing these nursing actions might promote positive social change by contributing to a sense of well-being as patients find meaning and purpose in their illness and life overall, which will promote improved surgical outcomes and better patient satisfaction with care.
119

Hög intensitet av preoperativ stress och oro - en fara vid kirurgiska ingrepp / High intensity of preoperative stress andanxiety - a hazard of surgical procedures

Bergström, Emelie, Sager, Simet January 2010 (has links)
<p>Preoperativ stress och oro är vanligt förekommande i dagens sjukvård. Patienter med hög intensitet av preoperativ stress och oro får ofta postoperativa komplikationer såsom längre återhämtningsfas och svårare sårläkning. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan påverka preoperativ stress och oro. Litteraturstudiens resultat bygger på en analys av 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes utifrån litteraturstudiens syfte. Tre omvårdnadsåtgärder som är en del av sjuksköterskeprofessionen eller som finns tillgängliga på vårdavdelningar är information, sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt samt musik. Med hjälp av dessa omvårdnadsåtgärder kan sjuksköterskan hjälpa patienten att reducera preoperativ stress och oro i god tid. Detta resulterar i att patienten upplever trygghet i sin omgivning, slappnar av och blir mottaglig för information. Om intensiteten av stress och oro reduceras preoperativt leder det till kortare sjukhusvistelse och därigenom lägre sjukhuskostnader. För att underlätta sjuksköterskans planering av omvårdnadsåtgärder kan patientdagbok vara till hjälp.<strong> </strong>Det behövs forskning kring sjuksköterskans upplevelse att arbeta utifrån dessa tre omvårdnadsåtgärder.</p>
120

Hög intensitet av preoperativ stress och oro - en fara vid kirurgiska ingrepp / High intensity of preoperative stress andanxiety - a hazard of surgical procedures

Bergström, Emelie, Sager, Simet January 2010 (has links)
Preoperativ stress och oro är vanligt förekommande i dagens sjukvård. Patienter med hög intensitet av preoperativ stress och oro får ofta postoperativa komplikationer såsom längre återhämtningsfas och svårare sårläkning. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan påverka preoperativ stress och oro. Litteraturstudiens resultat bygger på en analys av 16 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes utifrån litteraturstudiens syfte. Tre omvårdnadsåtgärder som är en del av sjuksköterskeprofessionen eller som finns tillgängliga på vårdavdelningar är information, sjuksköterskans förhållningssätt samt musik. Med hjälp av dessa omvårdnadsåtgärder kan sjuksköterskan hjälpa patienten att reducera preoperativ stress och oro i god tid. Detta resulterar i att patienten upplever trygghet i sin omgivning, slappnar av och blir mottaglig för information. Om intensiteten av stress och oro reduceras preoperativt leder det till kortare sjukhusvistelse och därigenom lägre sjukhuskostnader. För att underlätta sjuksköterskans planering av omvårdnadsåtgärder kan patientdagbok vara till hjälp. Det behövs forskning kring sjuksköterskans upplevelse att arbeta utifrån dessa tre omvårdnadsåtgärder.

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