The neo-liberal restructuring of state assets and facilities, which has taken place internationally over the past three decades, as well as in South Africa, has been a matter of great controversy. Privatisation, in particular, has been a polarising issue, especially when applied to fields like healthcare. Supporters of privatisation view it as cutting costs, mobilising funding, expertise and innovation, resulting in improved delivery, and opening possibilities for a spread of ownership. Critics claim the process involves retrenchments, declining services for the (poorer) majority of people, and a focus on the elites as citizens become transformed into customers, and with any economic empowerment going to the already prosperous. This thesis examines these issues by looking at the privatisation of hospitals in South Africa, with a case study of the Netcare-Settlers Public Private Partnership (PPP) (also known as the Settlers Private Hospital) in Grahamstown, South Africa. Netcare is South Africa’s largest private hospital company, and also has substantial operations in the United Kingdom. The thesis sets out the context: a highly inequitable healthcare system in the country, the rise of privatisation in the apartheid and post-apartheid eras, and healthcare privatisation. In terms of the Netcare-Settlers PPP, the thesis examines how the PPP was structured and developed, focusing on the impact of the PPP on non-clinical operations. The thesis argues that the results of the PPP are mixed, that it has greatly improved areas like facilities, maintenance, cleaning and catering, performed less well in increasing the doctor/ patient ratio or in attracting specialists, and is associated with the widespread and problematic use of outsourcing of service workers like cleaners and security. Overall, the PPP has improved healthcare, with some effective sharing of resources between the public and private parts of the hospital, but also relies on a pool of relatively low waged, under-unionised, labour. In terms of the general debate over privatisation, the Netcare-Settlers PPP shows that both supporters and critics have some valid points, and that privatisation in practice is not an either/ or, black/ white, good/ bad proposition, but something more complex. The success and failure of PPPs depend on the details of the contracts, and these can be used to maximise the performance of both the public and private partners. Better contracts may help avoid the uneven results seen at institutions like the Netcare-Settlers PPP.

This thesis is focused on the Public Private Partnership and obstacles inhibiting its development in the Czech Republic. The goals of this paper include specification of the Public Private Partnership subject, analysis of the current situation of PPP projects in the Czech Republic and identification of the most important obstacles to its usage in the Czech Republic. This thesis can serve as the starting point for obtaining general knowledge about Public Private Partnership. Moreover, this paper mentions information about current state of PPP projects in Europe and the Czech Republic. Based on the interviews with experts on PPP and the relevant literature which was researched, the final part of this thesis is dedicated to the discovered barriers to development of PPP in the Czech Republic.

The paper analyzes the evolution of the labor market in Sergipe and micro reference to the years 2000 to 2013. In the meantime, it was found that the occupations grew 29,3% (Census 2000 and 2010, IBGE), while private employment to the state grew 103,8% (RAIS 2002 and 2013 MTE), influenced by new growth cycle in Brazil and local incentives. Also, it was noticed that some micro-regions had higher and other lower growth rates of occupations and jobs the state. Thus, to study the causes of the phenomenon will use the shift-share analysis that attaches to the expansion of contribution plots in employment or the structural components of the business lines or competitive differentiation (or locational) of each micro-region, for it will be used the IBGE activities classification. / O trabalho analisa a evolução do mercado de trabalho em Sergipe e microrregiões tomando como referência os anos 2000 até 2013. Nesse intervalo, constatou-se que as ocupações cresceram 29,3% (Censos 2000 e 2010, IBGE), enquanto o emprego privado para o estado cresceu 103,8% (RAIS 2002 e 2013, MTE), influenciados pelo novo ciclo de crescimento do Brasil e incentivos locais. Também, percebeu-se que algumas microrregiões obtiveram maiores e outras menores taxas de crescimento de ocupações e empregos que o estado. Assim, para estudar as causas do fenômeno será utilizado o método diferencial-estrutural (shift share analysis) que atribui à expansão das parcelas de contribuição no emprego ou a componentes estruturais dos setores de atividade ou a diferenciação competitiva (ou locacional) de cada microrregião, para isso será utilizada a classificação de atividades do IBGE.

Por meio do processo conhecido como bioprospecção, propõe-se a aplicação dos lucros obtidos com a comercialização de produtos, como fármacos, em ações para conservação biológica. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a importância deste instrumento para a conservação a partir de estudo de caso focado na experiência do Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidade (INBio), na Costa Rica. Os procedimentos metodológicos estão baseados nas estratégias de pesquisa de: a) estudo de caso; b) documental e c) pesquisa bibliográfica. O INBio, uma associação sem fins lucrativos, se empenhou na elaboração do inventário nacional da biodiversidade e firmou diversos contratos de bioprospecção, entre eles o comentado acordo com a indústria farmacêutica Merck. Alguns pontos positivos devem ser destacados a partir dessa experiência: geração de conhecimento sobre os recursos biológicos locais em função do inventário; criação de sistema de controle ao acesso e identificação dos materiais coletados; o aparato jurídico desenvolvido; aprimoramento da capacidade de negociação; disseminação de informação em publicações científicas; atividades voltadas à Educação Ambiental e apoio a pequenas e médias empresas nacionais no desenvolvimento de produtos baseados em recursos biológicos do país. Por outro lado, os dados analisados mostram que tem sido baixo o retorno financeiro do Instituto; os pagamentos não têm sido suficientes para cobrir os gastos. Esta questão está ligada ao fato de que, ainda que tenha começado o recebimento pela comercialização de alguns produtos desenvolvidos internamente, ainda não há produtos desenvolvidos resultantes de contratos com grandes companhias e, portanto, ainda não foram correspondidas as expectativas com relação ao recebimento de royalties. Há deficiência com relação ao controle administrativo dessas atividades por parte do Estado, o que reflete na falta de transparência das fontes disponíveis de informações. A análise dos recursos financeiros obtidos versus repasse de verbas para fins de conservação fica comprometida em razão de informações incompletas ou pela falta de padronização na apresentação dos dados no decorrer dos anos. O desmatamento tem apresentado queda contínua, mas não é possível relacionar este fato com os contratos de bioprospecção, devido ao sistema variado de fontes de contribuições e pagamentos por serviços destinados à conservação biológica naquele país. Ademais, os conhecimentos tradicionais das populações locais estão sendo ignoradas em todo esse processo conduzido pelo INBio. Portanto, até o momento, o que acontece na Costa Rica está mais próximo de representar uma evolução no sentido de empreender medidas em direção ao uso e conservação dos recursos biológicos, porém ainda não representa a solução ou ajuda significativa à conservação biológica naquele país. / Using the process known as bioprospecting, it is proposed the use of the profits obtained with the commercialization of products, such as pharmaceuticals, in biological conservation activities. The objective of this work is to verify the importance of this instrument for conservation, by means of a case study focused in the experience of the National Biodiversity Institute (Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidade) (INBio), in Costa Rica. The methodology is based in the strategies of researching: a) case study; b) documents and c) bibliography research. The National Biodiversity Institute (INBio), a non-profit association which has endeavored to elaborate a national biodiversity inventory and signed various bioprospecting contracts, among them the renowned agreement with Merck pharmaceutical company. Some positive points should be emphasized from this experience: generation of knowledge about local biological resources through inventory; creation of a control system for accessing and identifying the collected materials; the development of a legal apparatus; the improvement of negotiation skills; the dissemination of information through scientific publications, activities oriented to Environmental Education and supporting national small and medium firms in the development of products based on the country\'s biological resources. On the other hand, the data analyzed show low financial return, in spite of the fact that the income for the commercialization of some internally-developed products has begun. Payments have not been enough to cover the Institute\'s expenditures and there are still no developed products resulting from contracts with big companies and, therefore, the expectations relative to the receiving of royalties were still not fulfilled. There is a deficiency relative to the administrative control of these activities by the State, which reflects the lack of transparency of the available sources of information. The analysis of the obtained resources versus the transfer of funds for conservation is jeopardized due to incomplete information or lack of standardization in the presentation of data through the years. Deforestation has declined continuously, but it is impossible to relate this fact to the bioprospecting contracts, due to the diverse system of contribution and payment sources for services destined to the conservation of that country\'s natural resources. Besides, the traditional knowledge of the local population has been ignored in the entire process conducted by INBio. Therefore, for the moment, what happens in Costa Rica is closer to represent an evolution in the sense of taking steps in the direction of using and conserving biological resources, but it still does not represent the solution or significant aid to the biological conservation in Costa Rica.

Le Liban, qui traverse une crise politique, économique et institutionnelle sans précédent fait preuve depuis quelques années d’une résilience remarquable. Le secteur économique au Liban fortement lié aux conflits régionaux est confronté à des problèmes tels que la pauvreté des ressources, l’endettement, le chômage, ainsi que la présence de réfugiés syriens qui tend davantage la situation. Contrastant avec l’instabilité politique du pays, c’est la dynamique de l’économie libanaise qui a permis au secteur privé de pallier aux carences et au désengagement de l’Etat quant à l’application de ses missions régaliennes, selon un certain système de laisser-faire. C’est dans ce contexte que nous examinerons le rôle du secteur privé au Liban qui crée dans le champ social un espace d’entreprise citoyenne en marge de l’Etat qui se tourne vers la satisfaction de l’intérêt général par le biais de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises RSE. / Lebanon who has been going through an unprecedented political, economic and institutional crisis in recent years, has shown a very remarkable resilience. The economic sector in Lebanon who is strongly linked to regional conflicts has been facing problems such as poverty of resources, debt, unemployment, as well as the presence of Syrian refugees a matter that has made the situation more and more overwrought. In Contrast with the country's political instability, the dynamic Lebanese economy allowed the private sector to overcome these deficiencies and aided to the disentanglement of the State in the application of its sovereign functions, according to a system of laissez-faire. In this context that we will examine the role of the private sector in Lebanon and the effect it created in the social field of citizen corporate in the margins of the state via ensuring the satisfaction of the public interest through the Corporate Social responsibility CSR.

In this dissertation, I examine the role of private sector engagement in environmental governance. The relationship between mainstream environmentalism and the private sector has moved from one of general hostility to one of constructive engagement in recent times. As a result, the traditional distinctions between environmental non-governmental organizations and private corporations have become blurred, making way for public-private hybrids, facilitated by frameworks of philanthropy, sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility. Connected to these broader reconfigurations in environmental governance are simultaneous alterations in the normative framework of mainstream environmentalism. Ideologically, environmental policy and neoliberalism are now intertwined, entangling assumptions about nature and culture, and reflected in the popularization of environmental protection mechanisms that are deeply embedded in the values of the market economy. Analyzing particular examples of such engagements, and informed by Gramscian theory, I analyze the connections between rising corporate presence in mainstream environmentalism and broader normative and practical change, focusing, in particular, on the frameworks of ecomodernism and the Green Economy. I argue that contemporary private sector engagement in environmentalism leads to the support, production and construction of powerful environmentalisms: environmental ideologies and practices that gain power from, not in spite of, prevailing dominant interests. As such, these powerful environmentalisms tend to produce and reproduce elite processes of capitalist production and prioritize instrumental norms of human-nature relations, while marginalizing others. I conclude by outlining suggestions in support of a democratic environmental politics that represents and recognizes a more diverse array of actors, human-nature relationships, and frameworks of environmental care.

The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis cooperation between the public and private sector in construction engineering. The introductory part contain the main theoretical concepts from the domain public and private sectors, managements and teamwork, construction engineering and personal management. Furthermore, it defines theoretical knowledge of the labour market and the education system SR and their benefit for the construction engineering. In the empirical part, is thesis focused on the analysis cooperation each sectors construction industry based on interviews and using a questionnaire survey. The final part thesis summarize particular detection and dedicated to proposal for a recommendation to improve cooperation between the public and private sectors in construction engineering.

The following pages are an attempt to examine the importance of the content in a job listing in relation to the prohibition of discrimination. Furthermore, to compare legislations of the private and public sector in Sweden. The effect The European Union and other international regulations have on the way Sweden regulate job listings will also be discussed. As there is a large number of factors affecting the content in a job listing, this paper will also examine the law-oriented contribution from the European Court of Justice and the Swedish Labour Court. The premise is that a Swedish employer within the private and public sector can hire whoever they want, however there are some restrictions. For instance, the prohibition on discrimination and affirmative action. Other subjects in this area that will be discussed are direct and indirect discrimination, specific requirements in a job listing, factual basis in the recruitment process, the principle of objectivity and the legality principle. The employer’s requirements for active measures will also be addressed.

Les nombreux modèles de turnover que l’on peut trouver dans la littérature en gestion des ressources humaines illustrent l’importance pour les équipes des ressources humaines de prendre en considération ce sujet. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les facteurs organisationnels et individuels qui influencent l’intention de départ des managers français issus du secteur privé. Il s’agit ainsi d’analyser les effets de variables organisationnelles comme le soutien organisationnel perçu, la satisfaction de carrière, le conflit famille travail, le plafonnement subjectif ainsi que ceux de deux variables de personnalité, le locus de contrôle et les ancres de carrière, sur les intentions de départ.Pour répondre à ces questions de recherche, une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée en septembre 2015 auprès de managers français issus de différentes entreprises. L’échantillon est composé de 305 répondants.Les résultats montrent le rôle prépondérant du soutien organisationnel perçu dont les effets sur l’intention de départ sont modérés par le locus de contrôle. Ainsi, il s’avère que les managers les plus internes, s’ils se sentent soutenus par leur employeur, sont plus volontiers satisfaits de leur carrière et éprouvent moins que les plus externes de conflits de rôle entre leur vie familiale et leur vie professionnelle ou encore de plafonnement hiérarchique. En revanche, nos résultats ont montré que, s’ils éprouvent, a contrario, une perception négative quant au support de leur employeur, ils développent alors davantage d’intentions de départ que les profils externes.Les variables socio démographiques telles que l’ancienneté entreprise, l’ancienneté dans le poste, l’âge ou la rémunération contribuent à expliquer l’intention de quitter l’entreprise. / The many turnover models that can be found in the literature on human resources management illustrate the importance of human resources teams to consider this topic. The objective of this research is to study the organizational and individual factors that influence the intention of French managers to quit from the private sector. This involves analyzing the effects of organizational variables such as perceived organizational support, career satisfaction, work-family conflict, hierarchical plateauing, and two personality variables, locus of control and career anchors on the intentions of departure.To answer these research questions, a questionnaire survey was conducted in September 2015 with French managers from different companies. The sample is composed of 305 respondents.The results show the preponderant role of perceived organizational support, whose effects on intention to quit are moderated by the locus of control. Thus, it appears that the most internal managers, if they feel supported by their employer, are more likely to be satisfied with their careers and have less than the most external role conflicts between their family and professional lives or still have a hierarchical plateauing. On the other hand, our results show that if they have a negative perception of their employer's support, they develop more intentions than external profiles to quit.Socio-demographic variables such as length of service, length of service, age or earnings contribute to explaining the intention to leave the company.

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