Yes / Approximately half the care for people with dementia is provided by families. It is therefore imperative that research informs ways of maintaining such care. In this study we propose that a needs-led approach can provide a useful, novel means of conceptualising the impact of caring on the lives of family carers. Our aim was to develop and present a needs-led framework for understanding how providing care impacts on carers’ fulfilment of needs. In this qualitative study we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with a purposively diverse sample of family carers to generate nuanced contextualised accounts of how caring impacted on carers’ lives. Our inductive thematic analysis focused upon asking: ‘What need is being impacted here?’ in order to generate a needs-led framework for understanding. In this qualitative study we conducted 42 semi-structured interviews with a purposively diverse sample of family carers to generate nuanced contextualised accounts of how caring impacted on carers’ lives. Our inductive thematic analysis focused upon asking: ‘What need is being impacted here?’ in order to generate a needs-led framework for understanding. Nine themes were widely endorsed. Each completed the sentence: “Being a carer impacts on fulfilling my need to/for….”: Freedom; feel close to my relative; feel in control of my life; be my own person; protect my relative; share/express my thoughts and feelings; take care of myself; feel connected to the people around me; get things done. These needs echo those from other research areas, with relational needs emerging as particularly central. The needs-led approach offers a perspective that is able to capture both stresses and positives aspects of caregiving. We recommend that clinical interviewing using Socratic questioning to discover human needs that are being impacted by caring would provide a valuable starting point for care planning. / Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Grant title: HQLC Dementia Carers Instrument Development: DECIDE (MR/M025179/1) / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, August 2018.

Inducement prizes-where cash rewards are given to motivate the attainment of targets--have been long used to encourage scientific research, develop technological innovations, or stimulate individuals, groups, and communities to accomplish diverse goals. Lately, prizes have increasingly attracted the attention of policy-makers, among others, due to their potential to induce path-breaking innovations and accomplish related goals. Academic research, however, has barely investigated these prizes in spite of their long history, recent popularity, and notable potential. This research investigates prizes and the means by which they induce innovation. It uses an empirical, multiple case-study methodology, a new model of innovation applied to prizes, and multiple data sources to investigate three cases of recent aerospace technology prizes: a main case study, the Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP) for robotic Moon exploration; and two pilot cases, the Ansari X Prize (AXP) for the first private reusable manned spacecraft and the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge (NGLLC) for flights of reusable rocket-powered vehicles. The investigation unveils the dynamics of prizes and contributes a better understanding of their potential and disadvantages in a context in which more traditional mechanisms are used to induce innovation. This research shows that prizes are a more complex mechanism and their investigation requires analyzing entrant- and context-level factors generally not considered by the literature. Prizes complement and not replace patents and other incentive mechanisms. The incentives offered by prizes attract entrants with diverse characteristics, including unconventional entrants--individuals and organizations generally not involved with the prize technologies. Entrants are generally attracted by the non-monetary benefits of participation and the potential market value of the technologies involved in competitions. Many more volunteers, collaborators, and partners also participate indirectly and support official entries as they also perceive opportunities to accomplish their personal and organizational goals. The monetary reward is important to position the competition in the media and disseminate the idea of the prize. Prizes can induce increasing R&D activities and re-direct industry projects to target diverse technological goals, yet the evolution of prize competitions and quality of the technological outputs is generally difficult to anticipate. The overall organization of prize R&D activities and their outputs depend on entrant-level factors and can only be indirectly influenced by setting specific competition rules. The most remarkable characteristic of prize R&D activities is their interaction with fundraising efforts which, in some circumstances, may constrain the activities of entrants. Prizes can also induce innovation over and above what would have occurred anyway, yet their overall effect depends significantly on the characteristics of the prize entrants and the evolution of the context of the competition. The ability of prizes to induce innovation is larger when there are larger prize incentives, more significant technology gaps implicit in the prize challenge, and open-ended challenge definitions. To successfully induce technological breakthroughs, prizes may require complementary incentives (e.g. commitments to purchase technology) or support (e.g. seed funding.) Prizes are particularly appropriate to, for example, explore new, experimental methods and technologies that imply high-risk R&D; induce technological development to break critical technological barriers; accelerate technological development to achieve higher performance standards; and, accelerate diffusion, adoption, and/or commercialization of technologies. They involve, however, higher programmatic risks than other more traditional mechanisms and their routine use, and/or challenge definitions that overlap, can weaken the incentive power of the mechanism. Successful implementation of competitions requires many parameters to be properly set.

Abstract The studies purpose is to acknowledge if there are some differences between the decision against Ranstadverkets uranium mining depending on event that occur and affect the project. 1959 - 1970 is the years that are examine. The Swedish uranium mining was a hot subject between the political parties. Nearly half a billion Swedish kronor was invested in the project. Nonprofit organizations like environment groups disliked the project and tried to stop it. Events like the when the mine where put in pause in 1969 and how that affected the mine. The study analyzes how the events affected the Swedish governments decisions against the mine and how the Swedish people responded on the decisions. / Den svenska miljöhistorian består mestadels av forskning om kärnkraften och vattenkraften vilket är bara en del av Sverige miljöhistoria. Den svenska uranbrytningen är en del av den svenska miljöhistorian fast det finns knappt någon forskning om ämnet, speciellt inte utifrån riksdagsbesluten. Vilket gör ämnet mer intresserat att studera.     Ranstadverket under åren 1959 - 1970 kan uppfattas som ett hett ämne vilket har blivit påverkat av omvärlden och dess förändring. Vid starten av Ranstadsprojektet var budgeten för verket cirka 115 miljoner och verkets byggnation kostade cirka 140 miljoner. Efter alla kostnader och arbetstimmar blev kostnaden för hela projektet nästan en halv miljard svenska kronor. De två frågor som har diskuterats i riksdagens dokument är ifall det är gynnsamt att utvinna uran vid Ranstad samt kostnaden för projektet. Ranstadsprojektet var ett diskussionsämne för alla svenska partier för att det var väldigt ekonomiskt krävande men också för att det kunde minska importkostnader.

This thesis is focused mainly on the liquidation process of damage events related to the buildings. The analysis of the whole process and recommendations for limiting of individual risk is involved. Within the insurance discurs, asset insurance is characterized by a new price and the time prize. This difference is described in the practical part of the thesis, where the partial damages caused by the storm on the family house and the overall damage to the cottage after a major fire accident. At the end of the case study, an assessment of the most serious insurance risks is described.

Panatenaicas. Tradição, permanência e derivação. O que são ânforas panatenaicas? Depois de mais de duzentos anos de notícias sobre esse tipo de vaso, tal questão parece ingênua; entretanto, a avaliação atual indica uma série de inconsistências. Considerando a importância desse tipo de vaso para a pesquisa ceramológica, arqueológica e da história política, cultural e econômica, é devido retomar a questão: o que são ânforas panatenaicas? O objetivo, aqui, é discutir a caracterização do vaso panatenaico desde o debate arqueológico (a tipologia), passando pelo contexto da produção (a tradição artesanal) e de inserção primária e secundária (seu significado no festival e fora dele) e, por fim, pelas constantes citações feitas a eles em vários contextos, a partir de duas questões básicas: sua delimitação frente a objetos similares e seu significado na composição da premiação nas Grandes Panatenéias. A compreensão dessa trajetória na perspectiva diacrônica será baseada em alguns elementos tradicionais, sobretudo a produção derivada desse tipo de vaso. / Panathenaics. Tradition, permanence and derivation. What are Panathenaic amphorae? After two hundred years of reports about this type of vase, this question seems naïve; however the current debate shows some inconsistencies. Thus, given the importance of this type of vase to the research of Ceramology, Archaeology and Political, Cultural and Economic History it is important to go back to this question: what are Panathenaic amphorae? The aim of this research is to discuss the characterization of the Panathenaic vase starting at the archaeological debate (the typology) and examining the production context (the tradition of the craftsman), the primary and secondary insertion (its meaning inside the festival) and lastly, the many mentions of it, dealing with two basic elements: the delimitation of Panathenaic vase against pseudo-Panathenaic vase and its meaning taking part of the prize at the Great Panathenaia. The understanding of this process from a diachronic x approach will be based on traditional elements, especially the production derived from this type of vase.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo pesquisar se a inovaÃÃo do produto nas empresas de base tecnolÃgica da regiÃo Nordeste ganhadoras do PrÃmio FINEP InovaÃÃo na categoria Produto à fruto de informaÃÃes do mercado e das necessidades dos clientes. A intenÃÃo à interagir os assuntos inovaÃÃo e marketing e mostrar que ambos tÃm relaÃÃo um com o outro, podendo influenciar o desenvolvimento das empresas no mercado. Este trabalho utiliza-se de uma pesquisa exploratÃria baseada em dados bibliogrÃficos e documental de fontes primÃrias e secundÃrias, utilizando o mÃtodo de estudo de caso mÃltiplo. Para o levantamento de informaÃÃes das empresas, foi elaborado um questionÃrio estruturado com perguntas fechadas e abertas aos empreendedores e gerentes das empresas. Foram investigadas duas empresas do Cearà e uma empresa da ParaÃba. Este estudo obteve como resultado a visÃo do marketing nas empresas investigadas e a relaÃÃo destas com a inovaÃÃo, ou seja, a inovaÃÃo do produto premiado veio das necessidades dos clientes. Concluiu-se que duas das empresas investigadas tiveram uma maior interaÃÃo com o mercado surgindo, desta forma, a inovaÃÃo do produto. A pesquisa de mercado à fundamental para o processo de criaÃÃo e desenvolvimento de novos produtos inovadores, interferindo fortemente no desenvolvimento econÃmico, financeiro e estrutural das empresas. / This work had as objective to research if the product innovation in companies of technology base at northeast region, winners of FINEP prize in product category, is consequence of market information and clientsâ necessity. The intention is to mix the subjects innovations and marketing, and show that they have a relationship that can influence the development of market companies. This work uses an explorer research based in bibliographical data and documentary of primary and secondary sources, using the multiple case study method. In order to put up information about the company, it was given a structured quiz with writing and checking questions to the entrepreneurs and company managers. Two companies from Cearà and one from ParaÃba were investigated. This study obtained as a result the marketing vision at the investigated companies and its relation with the innovation, or either the innovation of the awarded product came from clientsâ necessity. It concludes that two of the investigated companies had a larger interaction with the appearing market, this way, the product innovation. The market research is fundamental for the creating and developing process of new products changing the market, interfering strongly in the economic development, financial and structural from companies.

Panatenaicas. Tradição, permanência e derivação. O que são ânforas panatenaicas? Depois de mais de duzentos anos de notícias sobre esse tipo de vaso, tal questão parece ingênua; entretanto, a avaliação atual indica uma série de inconsistências. Considerando a importância desse tipo de vaso para a pesquisa ceramológica, arqueológica e da história política, cultural e econômica, é devido retomar a questão: o que são ânforas panatenaicas? O objetivo, aqui, é discutir a caracterização do vaso panatenaico desde o debate arqueológico (a tipologia), passando pelo contexto da produção (a tradição artesanal) e de inserção primária e secundária (seu significado no festival e fora dele) e, por fim, pelas constantes citações feitas a eles em vários contextos, a partir de duas questões básicas: sua delimitação frente a objetos similares e seu significado na composição da premiação nas Grandes Panatenéias. A compreensão dessa trajetória na perspectiva diacrônica será baseada em alguns elementos tradicionais, sobretudo a produção derivada desse tipo de vaso. / Panathenaics. Tradition, permanence and derivation. What are Panathenaic amphorae? After two hundred years of reports about this type of vase, this question seems naïve; however the current debate shows some inconsistencies. Thus, given the importance of this type of vase to the research of Ceramology, Archaeology and Political, Cultural and Economic History it is important to go back to this question: what are Panathenaic amphorae? The aim of this research is to discuss the characterization of the Panathenaic vase starting at the archaeological debate (the typology) and examining the production context (the tradition of the craftsman), the primary and secondary insertion (its meaning inside the festival) and lastly, the many mentions of it, dealing with two basic elements: the delimitation of Panathenaic vase against pseudo-Panathenaic vase and its meaning taking part of the prize at the Great Panathenaia. The understanding of this process from a diachronic x approach will be based on traditional elements, especially the production derived from this type of vase.

Abstract The present study examines three novels by Finnish women – Johanna Sinisalo, Pirkko Saisio and Helena Sinervo – each of whom has received the Finlandia Prize for fiction. The novels Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi (2000), Punainen erokirja (2003) and Runoilijan talossa (2004) are analysed in the context of contemporary cultural change in which queer themes have become not only a visible part of cultural representations of gender and sexuality but also active constituents of the established cultural canon. The study considers the varieties of gendered and sexual meaning which are generated by this fiction and – as the novels in question deal with non-normative sexuality – it also discusses how these issues were manifested in their reception. Additionally, it investigates the problematics of a literary genre which thematises non-normative sexuality. Beyond its engagement with the interrelationship between the selected novels (along with their social context) and the present culture, institutions and canon, the study also concerns itself with the question of how non-normative sexuality is addressed and discussed in literature and its reception. The novels are examined as products of a context in which their publication had seemed like a swift, yet appropriate, response to a cultural need for the creation of new, 'liberal' and 'progressive' queer representations. In addition, they are approached as works with specific queer-political agendas, aimed at opposing and deranging the hetero establishment. The analysis of the novels is consequently grounded in the politics of performativity, queer theory and the problematics of its domestic contextualisation, taking account, too, of the intersection between performativity and queer reading. This methodology is called queer political reading. The novels under investigation participate in the cultural, societal, social and discursive processes that use gender and sexuality to construct meaning. The fact that they have also received the Finlandia Prize connects them to a wider context, into a contemporary culture and society, which places sexuality at its centre. Where wide and far-reaching gender issues, brought about by cultural, intellectual, judicial and political changes, marked the turn of the 20th century, the turn of the present century is more explicitly sexual in character, facilitated by contemporary phenomena – such as the epochal changes in theories of gender and sexuality, or legislation and presentations of sexual culture, which have manifested themselves over recent years. Nevertheless, it would seem that discussions of queerness tend to remain allusive and implied rather than explicit, taking not only peculiar but also traditional forms, in which the rhetoric of the closet is used extensively. On the one hand, queerness is quite visible in representations of sexuality. But on the other hand, the reception of that queerness remains largely in the closet. This suggests that – particularly on institutional levels – queer themes can be rendered explicit only when it remains contextually suitable. / Tiivistelmä Tutkimus tarkastelee kolmen kirjallisuuden Finlandia-palkinnolla palkitun naiskirjailijan, Johanna Sinisalon, Pirkko Saision ja Helena Sinervon palkintoromaaneja Ennen päivänlaskua ei voi (2000), Punainen erokirja (2003) ja Runoilijan talossa (2004). Teoksia analysoidaan osana nykyistä kulttuurista käännettä, jossa heteronormatiivisuutta kyseenalaistavat, queerit kulttuurituotteet ovat tulleet osaksi sukupuolen ja seksuaalisuuden kulttuurisia esityksiä ja jopa osaksi hyväksyttyä kulttuurista kaanonia. Tutkimuksessa kysytään, millaisia sukupuolen ja seksuaalisuuden merkityksiä Sinisalon, Saision ja Sinervon normienvastaista seksuaalisuutta käsittelevät teokset tuottavat ja miten aiheet tulevat esille vastaanotossa. Lisäksi pohditaan normienvastaisia seksuaalisuuksia käsittelevän kirjallisuuden lajiproblematiikkaa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan paitsi teosten, myös niiden yhteiskunnallisen kontekstin kautta nykyistä kulttuuriin ja sen instituutioihin ja jopa kaanoniin kytkeytyviä tapoja, joilla normien vastaisista seksuaalisuuksista puhutaan ja kirjoitetaan sekä kirjallisuudessa että sen vastaanotossa. Romaaneja tutkitaan siinä kulttuurisessa kontekstissa, jossa niiden julkaiseminen vaikuttaa äkkiseltään sopivalta vastaukselta kulttuurin tarpeeseen saada uudenlaista, "vapaamielisyydestä" ja "edistyksellisyydestä" kertovia queer-esityksiä. Toisaalta niitä lähestytään teoksina, joilla on queer-poliittisia, heterojärjestystä vastustamaan ja sekoittamaan pyrkiviä tavoitteita. Teosten tarkastelu liitetään osaksi performatiivisuuden politiikkojen sekä queer-teoretisoinnin ja sen kotimaisen kontekstualisoinnin problematiikan tutkimusta, performatiivisen ja queer-luennan risteyskohtaan. Tätä tutkimuksen menetelmää kutsutaan queer-poliittiseksi luennaksi. Sinisalon, Saision ja Sinervon romaanit osallistuvat osaltaan siihen kulttuuriseen, yhteiskunnalliseen, sosiaaliseen ja diskursiiviseen prosessiin, jossa työstetään ja rakennetaan sukupuolten ja seksuaalisuuksien merkityksiä. Se, että ne ovat saaneet myös kirjallisuuden Finlandia-palkinnon, kiinnittää ne laajempaan kontekstiin, nykykulttuuriin ja -yhteiskuntaan, joiden keskeiseksi kysymykseksi seksuaalisuus on muotoutunut. Siinä missä 1800–1900-lukujen vaihdetta kuvasti laaja ja kauaskantoinen sukupuoliproblematiikka, jolle aikaan sidottu kulttuurinen, intellektuaalinen, oikeusjärjestelmällinen ja poliittinen muutos raivasi tilaa, tämän vuosisadanvaihteen murros liittyy seksuaalisuuteen, jonka raivaajina ovat samankaltaiset, omaan aikaansa kytkeytyneet ilmiöt: jopa käänteentekevät muutokset sukupuoli- ja seksuaaliteorioissa, lainsäädännöissä ja seksuaalisuuden kulttuurisissa esityksissä. Näyttäisi kuitenkin siltä, että julkisissa keskusteluissa queeriudesta ei vieläkään puhuta kaikissa yhteyksissä suoraan vaan vihjaillen ja mitä eriskummallisimmin mutta usein silti hyvin perinteisin, kaapin retoriikkaa hyväkseen käyttävin sanankääntein: queer on yhtäältä kovin läsnä ja pinnassa seksuaalisuuden representaatioissa, mutta samalla esimerkiksi vastaanotossa monin ehdoin kaapissa. Näyttäisi siltä, että piilevästä queeriudesta huolimatta etenkin instituutiotasolla queer-tematiikka on näkyvää vain silloin, kun se on paikan ja tilanteen mukaan sopivaa.

The concept of human-powered vertical flight was studied in great depth. Through the manipulation of preexisting theory and analytical methods, a collection of design tools was created to expediently conceptualize and then analyze virtually any rotor. The tools were then arranged as part of a complete helicopter rotor design process. The lessons learned as a result of studying this process—and the tools of which it consists—are presented in the following discussion. It is the belief of the author that by utilizing these tools, as well as the suggestions that accompany them, future engineers may someday build a human-powered helicopter capable of winning the Sikorsky Prize.

(in English): This thesis deals with a version of Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, translated into Czech by Jan Zábrana and Jiří Kovtun. The aims of the thesis are: (1) to follow the journey of the original exile edition from Italy to communist Czechoslovakia, (2) to clarify how both translators contributed to the poetry part of the novel, (3) to outline Zábrana's translation method a comparison of chosen typewritten versions of the translation from various phases of its creation. The primary source of material for all the individual objectives is Zábrana's inheritance, which answers the question why Jiří Kovtun's name does not appear in the first Czech edition of Doctor Zhivago (1990), although he is listed along with Zábrana as the translator of the poetry part in the remaining three editions (2003, 2005, 2011). The original material from the inheritance as well as Marie Zábranová's testimony emphasize the sequence of events that influenced the creation of Zábrana's translation. The final analysis compares chosen typewritten versions of the novel's eighth chapter with the first Czech edition and describes how Zábrana worked. The thesis aims to be beneficial for the Czech history of translation and contribute to the current knowledge about the translation method of Jan Zábrana. Keywords Jan...