Massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) are a popular type of online video game. While these games and their players have been studied previously, there is gap in the literature that examines the relationship between one’s motivation to play MMOGs and loneliness, depression, and problematic use. For this study, 440 players of World of Warcraft (WoW), a popular MMOG, completed a demographics questionnaire and four measures, including Williams, Yee, & Caplan’s (2008) motivation measure, Peter’s & Malesky’s (2008) World of Warcraft-specific Problematic Usage-Engagement Questionnaire, UCLA’s Loneliness scale, and The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Results from quantitative analyses suggest that MMO players who are motivated to play for reasons of achievement and immersion are more likely to experience problematic use than those persons who play for social motivations. Loneliness and depression were only positively related with immersion motivated players, and there exists a significant negative relationship between social motivation and depression. These results suggest that gamers who play WoW for immersive reasons are the most at-risk in comparison to their peers. Implications for counseling, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Bakgrund: Barn har alltid haft andra förutsättningar än deras föräldrar. En skillnad idag jämfört med tidigare generationer är bland annat tillgång till nya medier för nöje, interaktion och informationssökande. Ett sätt att umgås på, är genom interaktiva onlinespel i en virtuell värld som aldrig tidigare varit möjligt. Detta har i vissa avseenden inneburit att frågor ställts över dess nackdelar i kontrast till den tjusning som onlinespelandet innebär. Syfte: Att beskriva och analysera hur föräldrar upplever ett problematiskt onlinespelande. Metod: Genom kvalitativa intervjuer har föräldrar fått definiera vad de anser vara ett problematiskt onlinespelande och vad de tror ligger bakom spelandet. Resultat: De frågeställningar som låg till grund för intervjuerna resulterade i vissa återkommande definitioner av ett problematiskt dataspelande såsom; kontrollförlust, manipulation, sviktande skolresultat, humörsvängningar och konflikter. Hur barnens spelande hade påverkat föräldrarna resulterade i definitioner av ökat kontrollbehov, konflikthantering, negativa förändringar inom familjen och självreflektion. Vad föräldrar trodde kunde ligga bakom det problematiska spelandet handlade om spänning och nöje, spelets konstruktion, lojalitet till andra spelare, identitetsskapande och oenighet mellan föräldrarna. Slutligen svarade föräldrarna på vilka råd de skulle ge andra; att reagera och agera, ställa ultimatum, samarbete mellan föräldrar och att anlita professionell hjälp. Reflektioner: Föräldrarna som deltog i intervjuerna hade visserligen i enlighet med syftet, erfarenheter av ett problematiskt dataspelande, men många av deras problemformuleringar var gemensamma. Föräldrarnas beskrivningar av ett problematiskt dataspelande skildrades genomgående utifrån tidsaspekten. Tiden som deras barn ägnade åt dataspel sågs av samtliga föräldrar som ett ogynnsamt och problematiskt inslag då det inverkade negativt på både barnens humör och skolprestationer. Föräldrarna beskrev också hur ett spelande som blivit problematiskt, hade påverkat både barnen, dem själva och familjen som helhet negativt. Samtidigt hade föräldrarna på olika vis egna teorier om varför det hade blivit problematiskt och vilka strategier och åtgärder som kunde vidtas för att förändra situationen. / Background: Children have probably always had different conditions than their parents. But in one aspect children nowadays differ from earlier generations. Today, children have access to a new media as internet for pleasure, interaction and information seeking. One way to interact is through online games in virtual worlds that have never before been possible. It has in one aspect involved issues concerning negative outcomes in contrast to the enjoyment that the game has to offer. Aim: Describe how parents explain a problematic online gaming. Method: Qualitative interviews where parents define their notion of problematic online gaming and what they think are the reason behind the problematic online gaming. Results: The questions in the interviews are the theme that gave different subthemes as result. The description of a problematic online gaming gave answers as; lack of control, manipulation, different temper and conflicts as well as school failure. How it had affected themselves gave answers as increasing control, handling conflicts, relations in the family and self-reflection. Parent’s hypothesis about what could cause or be a motive behind a problematic online gaming was excitement and pleasure, the construction of the games, loyalty to other players, identity seeking components and parental disagreement. Finally their advice to others was to react and act, ultimatum, cooperation between parents and to seek professional help. Reflections: The parents in the study had according to the study’s aim, experience of a problematic online gaming. Several of their definitions of a problematic online gaming where similar but the amount of time spending at gaming were the most frequent definition of the problem. The aspect of time had not only affected the children’s mood and school achievement but also themselves and others around them. At the same time, parents had their own theories about why it had become problematic and what can be done about it.

Šiandieninėje mokykloje nedaug dėmesio skiriama moksleivių erdvinio mąstymo formavimui. Nors bendrojoje programoje ir išsilavinimo standartuose yra numatyta erdvinė vizualinė raiška plokštumoje ir erdvėje, tačiau dėl tam tikrų priežasčių šiai temai skiriama per mažai dėmesio. Ši tema yra aktuali, nes erdvės suvokimas ugdo tokius gebėjimus kaip analizė, interpretavimas, kūrybingumas. Šie gebėjimai pravers ne tik mokantis dailės, bet ir kitose ugdymo srityse (geometrija, literatūra ir t.t.), taip pat studijuojant techniką, technologiją. Šią problemą nagrinėjančios lietuviškos literatūros yra mažai. Daugiau medžiagos yra nagrinėjančios technikas, bet ne pačią erdvės suvokimo ir vizualinės rai��kos problematiką. Tyrimo tikslas. Atskleisti I – IV klasių moksleivių erdvinių sprendimų problemas vizualinėje raiškoje. Tyrimo objektas. Pradinių klasių ugdytinių erdvės suvokimas ir erdvinių sprendimų taikymas praktikoje. Tyrimo hipotezė. Formuojant ugdytinių erdvinį mąstymą ir skatinant analizuoti objektus, bei supažindinant juos su įvairiom vizualinėm raiškom, turėtų pagerėti ugdytinių erdvinių sprendimų vizualinė raiška ir kūrybingumas. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) Apžvelgti mokslinėje ir dalykinėje literatūroje nagrinėtą erdvinių sprendimų meninę raišką ir erdvės suvokimo problematiką. 2) Ištirti dėl kokių priežasčių I – IV klasių ugdytiniai ne visada randa tinkama erdvinį sprendimą. 3) Nustatyti ryšius tarp dėstomos medžiagos būdų, įsisavinant ir pritaikant gautas žinais praktikoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The formation of the spatial thinking isn’t the main aim of today’s school. Although the spatial visual expression in the plane and in the space is provided in General Educational Documents at school, but for some reason or other this theme isn’t in the centre. The spatial visual expression is very actual problem. Spatial perception educates such competences as analyses, interpretation or creativity. These competences will be of use not only in the learning of art, but also of other educational remits (purviews) how geometry, literature, technology and etc. This problem is analysed of a few Lithuanian literature. There we can find more material about technologies, but not about problematic of space perception or visual expression. Aim of the research is to uncover problems of spatial resolutions in the visual expression in the Primary school. The subject of the research is perception of the space and visual expression in use by children in the Primary school. Hypothesis of the research: the spatial resolution, the visual expression and creativity would be better, if we going to form child’s spatial thinking, stimulate the objects’ analysis, and present them various visual expressions. The goals of the research: 1.To survey researched spatial resolutions’ artistic expression and problematic of spatial perception in the nonfiction literature. 2. To research reasons which determine why children sometimes don’t find well-chosen spatial resolution in the 1st – 4th classes.3... [to full text]

Στην παρούσα εργασία παρουσιάζονται οι επιπτώσεις των δυο πετρελαϊκών κρίσεων, του 1973 και του 1979, στην δημιουργία των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων, στην Ελληνική Οικονομία. Επίσης, αναλύονται και οι πολιτικές που ακολούθησαν οι κυβερνήσεις, την περίοδο 1974-1990, με στόχο την λύση του προβλήματος. Για να γίνουν σαφείς, οι επιδράσεις των δυο ενεργειακών σοκ, αρχικά, γίνεται αναφορά στην διεθνή και ελληνική οικονομία, την περίοδο 1950-1970, με εστίαση στην ελληνική βιομηχανία που αποτελεί την ραχοκοκαλιά της οικονομίας. Από την ανάλυση προκύπτει ότι κατά την μεταπολεμική περίοδο παρουσίασε αλματώδη οικονομική μεγέθυνση. Ωστόσο γίνεται ξεκάθαρο από την μελέτη, ότι η ελληνική οικονομία, μετά τις δυο πετρελαϊκές κρίσεις, ανακόπτει την τροχιά ανάπτυξης, στην οποία είχε περιέλθει. Τα δυο ενεργειακά σοκ, είναι ο σημαντικός προσδιοριστικός παράγοντας της ελληνικής κρίσης, την περίοδο μετά το 1974, και της δημιουργίας των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί, ωστόσο, ότι δεν ήταν ο μοναδικός συντελεστής, αλλά ότι το πρόβλημα ήταν περισσότερο ένας συνδυασμός αρνητικών συγκυριών που συνέτρεχαν εκείνη την περίοδο, στην Ελληνική οικονομία, αναφορικά κυρίως με την δομή της. Από την ανάλυση προκύπτει, επίσης, ότι εφαρμόστηκαν ποικίλες πολιτικές αντιμετώπισης του προβλήματος, χωρίς όμως κάποιο αισθητό αποτέλεσμα. Οι πολιτικές αυτές αφορούσαν - είτε άμεσο, είτε έμμεσο - έντονο κρατικό παρεμβατισμό. Ένα βασικό σημείο της κριτικής του κρατικού παρεμβατισμού, στην εξυγίανση των προβληματικών επιχειρήσεων, είναι ότι η έλλειψη σαφούς προσανατολισμού και η υποχώρηση σε πιέσεις των εμπλεκομένων μερών, οδήγησαν σε αποτυχία και διόγκωση του προβλήματος. / -

The thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The practical part represents a series of paintings in which the author is engaged in transcription of personal experiences and impressions of the world marked by a human phenomenon. The theoretical part discusses the quest for the ultimate artistic output and initiatives, which led the author to comment on this topic. In the context of finding appropriate means of expression for the final artistic output, the author reflects on the diversity of artistic approaches and methods used in the presentation of issues of civilization in the world of art.

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Objectification and sexual aggression are common themes in pornography. However, there are only a handful of quantitative studies that examine the role of race in pornography that included Asian women, a population that has been fetishized extensively and historically portrayed as hypersexual in mainstream media. There were also no studies on the self-reported attitudes of viewers around this topic. 96 male university students took a survey measuring the frequency and perception of their pornography use, their acceptance of sexual aggression myths, their objectification of Asian women, and their propensity to agree with microaggressions about Asian women. Results indicated that while problematic pornography use had a moderate positive association with the objectification of Asian women and acceptance of microaggressions against Asian women, there was only a slight positive association between problematic pornography use and acceptance of sexual aggression myths. Results also indicated that the strength of one's acceptance of racial microaggressions against Asian women and their level of problematic pornography use positively predicted the likelihood of one's acceptance of sexual aggression myths.

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No description available.