In order to stay competitive and to create value to their clients, manufacturing companies are engaging in a process called servitization, which consists in transforming their existing physical product offerings into integrated bundles of products and services, called Product-Service Systems (PSS). Servitization compels manufacturing companies to change their business models. One of the main challenges of servitization is to redesign the business processes dimension of their business model in order to operate middle of life (MOL) and end of life (EOL) phases of PSS. Despite the existence of decades-long successful PSS cases, operational difficulties are still reported. This is associated to gaps in existing PSS business model design methodologies, which are focused on the development of new PSS and lack the required level of details for servitization. The goal of this study is to propose a method to support manufacturing companies during the servitization process in developing a PSS Business Process Architecture (PSS BPA), which is the basis for redesigning their business processes. The method was developed with the support of the Design Research Methodology (DRM), which comprises four research stages. In the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the PSS BPA Development Method. Action research approach was applied in the third stage to propose the PSS BPA Development Method empirically. Action research was carried in a large multinational manufacturing company from the healthcare sector, which intended to transform a diagnostic imaging product into a use-oriented PSS. In the last stage, the method received a preliminary assessment with the intent of being prepared for further applications in case studies. The results indicate that the PSS BPA Development Method has a potential for supporting companies in defining their PSS BPA. Other key contributions of the research were the proposition of a business process reference model for PSS based on the Process Classification Framework (PCF), and insights and findings obtained with the real case of servitization. / Para se manterem competitivas e criarem valor para seus clientes, empresas de manufatura estão passando pelo processo da servitização, que é a transformação de suas ofertas baseadas em produtos físicos em soluções integradas de produtos e serviços, chamadas Sistemas Produto-Serviço (PSS). A servitização requer transformações nos modelos de negócio das empresas. Um dos principais desafios da servitização é redesenhar a dimensão de processos de negócio do modelo de negócios da empresa de maneira a operar as fases de meio de vida e final de vida de um PSS. Apesar de existirem casos de sucesso de PSS implementados há décadas, dificuldades operacionais ainda são citadas. Isto está associado com lacunas nas metodologias para desenvolvimento de modelos de negócio de PSS, as quais são focadas no desenvolvimento de novos PSS e carecem do nível de detalhes necessário para servitização. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para apoiar as empresas de manufatura no desenvolvimento da Arquitetura de Processos de Negócio do PSS durante a servitização, o que é base para o redesenho de processos destas organizações. Este método foi desenvolvido com o apoio da Metodologia de Pesquisa em Design, que contém quatro estágios. No primeiro e segundo estágios, uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para determinar os requisitos teóricos que guiaram a proposição do método. No terceiro estágio, a pesquisa ação foi utilizada para propor empiricamente o método. A pesquisa ação foi realizada em uma empresa multinacional do setor de saúde, que pretendia transformar um equipamento de diagnóstico por imagens em PSS orientado ao uso. No estágio final, o método passou por uma avaliação preliminar a fim de ser preparado para estudos de caso. Os resultados indicam que o método proposto tem potencial para apoiar as empresas na definição de arquiteturas de processos para PSS. Outras contribuições foram a proposição de um modelo de referência de processos para PSS baseado no Framework de Classificação de Processo e descobertas do caso real de servitização.

Considering the competitiveness of global markets within an ever-changing environment, a company\'s Business Model should be able to innovate constantly to capture value within the company, while addressing better the customer needs. The PSS Business Model represents an innovation while providing value to the customer supported by a combination of products and services. However, the PSS Business Model also needs to innovate constantly. The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises networked objects able to interact with each other and to people, to reach common goals with a high level of efficiency, thus presenting potential to create a new value proposition to PSS Business Model Design. However, the existing literature represents an IoT solution into PSS Design, using either technical constructs or a high level free textual description. The goal of this study is to propose a \"Method to support the representation of IoT solutions during the PSS Business Model Design\". The method was developed based on the Design Research Methodology (DRM), comprising three research stages. During the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the method. During the third stage, the requirements were developed, and multiple case studies using secondary sources were used to propose the method in theory. During the final activity of the third stage, an exploratory application of the method for a Driverless PSS Car Sharing were applied and its results, as well as all the method\'s artifacts, were object of an initial evaluation by a focus group. The results indicated that method has potential to provide a common language for the PSS Business Model designers, while providing detailed information, to be added to the dimensions of a PSS Business Model that comprises IoT solutions. / Considerando a competitividade dos mercados globais dentro de um ambiente de constante mudança, o modelo de negócio de uma empresa deve ser capaz de inovar constantemente, capturando valor dentro da empresa ao mesmo tempo em que atende melhor as necessidades dos clientes. O modelo de negócio de PSS representa uma inovação ao entregar valor ao cliente através de uma combinação de produtos e serviços. No entanto, o modelo de negócio de PSS também precisa inovar constantemente. A Internet das coisas (IoT) compreende objetos em rede capazes de interagir uns com os outros e com as pessoas, para alcançar metas comuns com elevado nível de eficiência. Dessa forma, apresenta potencial para criar a nova proposta de valor para o desenho de modelo de negócio de PSS. No entanto, a literatura existente representa a solução de IoT usando ou constructos técnicos, ou um nível alto de descrição textual. O objetivo deste estudo é propor um \"Método de representação de soluções de internet das coisas (IoT) durante o design de um modelo de negócios de um Sistema produto-serviço (PSS)\". O método foi desenvolvido com apoio da Design Research Methodology (DRM), sendo composto de três fases de investigação. Durante a primeira e a segunda fase, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para gerar requisitos teóricos para orientar a proposição de método. Durante a terceira fase, foram desenvolvidos requerimentos e analisados múltiplos estudos de caso, usando fontes secundárias, para propor o método na teoria. Durante a atividade final da terceira fase foi realizada uma aplicação exploratória do método, em um caso de um PSS de \"uso compartilhado de carros\" usando um carro autônomo. Em seguida todos os artefatos do método, e os resultados dessa aplicação exploratória, foram objeto de uma avaliação inicial por um grupo focal. Os resultados indicaram que o método tem potencial para fornecer uma linguagem comum para os desenvolvedores de modelo de negócio de PSS, proporcionando informações detalhadas, a serem adicionadas às dimensões de um modelo de negócio de PSS.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-23T17:54:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoSousa.pdf: 9874758 bytes, checksum: 6bf0b959098f5c9b39858bb374a6ec4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T17:54:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoSousa.pdf: 9874758 bytes, checksum: 6bf0b959098f5c9b39858bb374a6ec4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / A city with a rich cultural heritage like São Luis finds in the tourism the possibility to break the barriers that make difficult the sustainable development of its historic center and all the population of that area. The current work aims to identify strategies to promote eco-efficient tourism in the region known for its world heritage, supporting in the System Design for Sustainability and using the Product-Service System (PSS) methods and tools. For this, we used the exploratory research and field research, interviews and questionnaires to collect data of the socio-economic actors linked to satisfaction units – host, feed and entertain. Besides the intention to launch the challenge of dealing with cultural tourism by a still little explored bias in the context of Design, research has generated new attitudes strategies, new partnerships and new ventures for its development in the historic center. Thought the intervention priority levels have been accused as low, the results show that this type of social innovation can add value to the environmental eco-efficiency, ethical-social and economic to the cultural heritage, to the local community and the actors of tourism productive stream in a exceptional form, showing thus the social and technical interests of such research seeking a effectively boarded in sustainability tourism. / Uma cidade com um rico patrimônio cultural como São Luís procura, através do turismo, a possibilidade de romper com as barreiras que dificultam o desenvolvimento sustentável do seu centro histórico e de toda a população daquela área. A presente dissertação buscou identificar estratégias que promovam o turismo ecoeficiente na região reconhecida pelo seu patrimônio mundial, amparando-se no Design de Sistemas para a Sustentabilidade e utilizando-se dos métodos e ferramentas do Sistema Produto-Serviço (PSS). Para isso, utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória e pesquisa de campo, com entrevistas e aplicação de questionários, para levantar dados dos atores socioeconômicos ligados às unidades de satisfação hospedar, alimentar e entreter. Além da intenção de lançar o desafio de tratar do turismo cultural por um viés ainda pouco explorado no contexto do Design, a investigação gerou estratégias de novas atitudes, novas parcerias e novos empreendimentos para o seu desenvolvimento no centro histórico. Embora, os níveis de prioridade de intervenção levantados tenham sido acusados como baixos, os resultados demonstram que este tipo de inovação social pode agregar valores de ecoeficiência ambiental, sócio ética e econômica ao patrimônio cultural, à comunidade local e aos atores da cadeia produtiva do turismo de forma excepcional, demonstrando assim, os interesses sociais e técnicos da pesquisa em busca de um turismo efetivamente pautado na sustentabilidade.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-03T19:18:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEBJ.pdf: 2100352 bytes, checksum: ac5bd3031a8cd7c07d6e33d71af352ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T18:15:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEBJ.pdf: 2100352 bytes, checksum: ac5bd3031a8cd7c07d6e33d71af352ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T18:15:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEBJ.pdf: 2100352 bytes, checksum: ac5bd3031a8cd7c07d6e33d71af352ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T18:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseAEBJ.pdf: 2100352 bytes, checksum: ac5bd3031a8cd7c07d6e33d71af352ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22 / Não recebi financiamento / The Product-Service System (PSS) presents to companies a single value offer to the combination of products and services designed to meet the customer demands. The PSS has been a rising alternative for manufacturing companies that seek primarily to improve their competitiveness in an increasingly undifferentiated market. There is a growing interest in the PSS development, as shown in the increasing number of publications, in Brazil and abroad, that produces diverse approaches on the subject. Conversely, several authors on this field report a lack of research on the PSS development, with little information on how the designing process change in supplying a pure product instead of supplying a product combined with a service. Recently, many methods and tools for the construction of PSS have been developed; however, there are no records on how to use these means concretely in the design process. There are successive recommendations on how to build a body of knowledge to eliminate this hiatus in the literature. The purpose of this thesis is to develop guidances on the implementation of PSS in manufacturing companies migrating from a pure product offering to a product-service one by an Action-Research method. In order to do so, a PSS was implemented in a manufacturing company that works on an engineer to order model, and from that starting point, a set of guidances was developed to aid on future implementations, as well as on future researches. As a result, we also found two unforeseen steps in the original PSS development method: the preparatory step and the post-development step, which are pertinent steps for the increase of the process’ effectiveness increase. These results provide a more robust PSS development process and will facilitate the work of future PSS developers. / O Sistema Produto-Serviço (SPS) apresenta em uma única oferta de valor a combinação simultânea de produtos e serviços concebidos para atender às demandas do cliente da empresa. O SPS tem sido uma alternativa em ascensão para as empresas de manufatura que buscam, principalmente, aumentar a sua competitividade em mercados cada vez mais indiferenciados. Pelo viés da pesquisa acadêmica também se observa interesse crescente em relação ao tema, em virtude do aumento do número de publicações na área, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior, assim como abordagens diversificadas sobre o assunto. Em contrapartida, diversos pesquisadores mencionam em suas publicações a insuficiência de investigação sobre o desenvolvimento do SPS, havendo pouca informação sobre como ocorre o processo de concepção da mudança na oferta de produto puro para a oferta de um produto combinado com um serviço. Muitos métodos e ferramentas para a construção de SPS foram desenvolvidos, entretanto não se observa registros de como usar estes meios concretamente no processo de projeto, havendo sucessivas recomendações para se construir um corpo de conhecimento para eliminar este hiato na literatura. O objetivo desta tese é desenvolver proposições para orientar a implantação de SPS em empresas de manufatura que desejarem migrar de uma oferta de produto puro para uma oferta produto-serviço, por meio de uma Pesquisa- Ação. Para tanto, foi implantado um SPS em uma empresa que trabalha no modelo engineer to order e, a partir da ação, foi elaborado um grupo de proposições para a orientação de futuras implantações, assim como para utilização em outras pesquisas. Também foi obtido como resultado a inclusão de duas etapas não previstas no método de desenvolvimento de SPS original e que se mostraram pertinentes para o aumento da eficácia do processo: a etapa preparatória e a etapa de pós-desenvolvimento. Estes resultados tornam mais robusto o processo de desenvolvimento de um SPS e facilitarão o trabalho de futuros desenvolvedores de SPS.

L’économie de marché est classiquement basée sur la vente de produits. Pourtant, au cours des dernières décennies, la compétitivité accrue dans une économie mondialisée et la raréfaction des ressources a conduit les entreprises industrielles des pays développés à réorienter leurs offres de produits par l’intégration de services. Le concept de Système Produit-Service (SPS) fait référence à cet ensemble commercialisable de produits et services, capables de répondre ensemble à un besoin utilisateur. Les SPS soulèvent beaucoup d’intérêt pour la réduction des pressions environnementales parce qu’ils font évoluer le paradigme classique de production et consommation de masse vers de nouveaux mécanismes de création de valeur. La recherche sur les SPS accorde beaucoup d’importance à leur « potentiel » pour la réduction des impacts environnementaux ainsi qu’à la nécessité de concevoir les SPS comme des ensembles « intégrés » de produits et services. Néanmoins, un important manque de réel support à la conception et à l’éco-conception de SPS est à noter. Cette thèse cherche à combler ce manque en proposant un cadre conceptuel pour la conception intégrée de SPS. Son rôle est d’assister l’intégration de produits et de services durant la conception de SPS jusqu’aux phases les plus détaillées en permettant la communication entre les ingénieurs produits et les concepteurs de services. Un cadre pour la conception intégrée de SPS est proposé, basé sur une approche système et permettant sa modélisation multi-vues. Un cadre d’évaluation environnemental lui est couplé pour évaluer, au cours de la conception, les impacts environnementaux générés durant le cycle de vie du SPS. L’applicabilité du cadre conceptuel est testée sur un cas industriel de SPS pour la fourniture d’énergie pneumatique. / Classical business economy is based on the sale of products. However, during the last decades, the increasing competition in the globalized economy and the resources rarefaction has led manufacturing companies in developed countries to re-orient their business towards integration of services in their product offers.The Product-Service System (PSS) concept is used to depict the resulting marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling a user’s need. PSS raise many interests for the reduction of the environmental pressure because they evolve the classical paradigm of mass production and consumption towards new mechanisms of value creation.In the PSS research field, a strong emphasis is put on their “potential” for decreasing the environmental impacts and on the necessity to design PSS as “integrated” sets of products and services. However, there is an important lack of effective support for PSS design and eco-design.This thesis aims at filling this gap by proposing a conceptual framework for PSS integrated eco-design. Its role is to support integration of products and services during PSS design until the most detailed phases by allowing communication between product engineers and service designers.A framework for PSS integrated design is proposed based on a system-based approach and allowing multi-views system modelling. An environmental evaluation framework is coupled to evaluate during design the environmental impacts generated over the PSS life cycle. The applicability of the conceptual framework is tested on an industrial case of a pneumatic energy delivery PSS.

In these times, when manufacturing firms wonder how to integrate products and services into innovative offerings, how should products be designed to be of most value? This study is the investigation of this question for the manufacturing firm Strömsholmen AB, which designs gas springs and hydraulic suspension. The research has led to interviews of personnel to identify challenges and a workshop to generate new service ideas. By analyzing a specific gas hydraulic suspension product, this study shows that designing for product service systems (PSS) with a life-cycle perspective specifically for manufacturing, assembly, delivery, use, maintenance and remanufacturing, can greatly reduce costs and open up for innovative PSS business models. Using Design for Assembly, Design for Disassembly, Design for Serviceability and Design for Remanufacturing shows how concrete improvements to a product can be made. Improvements that show the potential of a redesign for the gas hydraulic suspension. Integrating products and services and pursuing the ideas and methods of this thesis, will ultimately make Strömsholmen better prepared to differentiate, to stay competitive, to deepen customer relations and to gain greater profits long-term.

Servitization is a popular term referring to the innovation of an organization’s capabilities and processes to better create mutual value through a shift from selling products to selling Product-Service Systems. It is generally regarded as an innovative business model with great potential for smoother revenue streams, higher profit margins and longer, more closely-knit customer relationships. It is seldom easy to reengineer the business model of an entire organization and the servitization concept does not come without risks and uncertainties. One of the biggest changes when servitizing is the ownership of products; it is no longer necessarily the customer who owns the product, but the producer. This entails new uncertainties surrounding the use and care of the product, leaving the provider with a risk because of a lack of information about how the product is being used. The technology Internet of Things (IoT) can potentially solve this problem by enabling a constant remote data flow from the products in use back to the provider. IFS, the company at which the research of this study took place, develops and supplies enterprise systems (ES) such as enterprise resource planning systems (ERP) and can be described as forward-thinking and innovative. The ERP is a central point for any manufacturing firm, governing data and enabling an organization to automate and integrate a comprehensive part of their business processes, and to produce and access information in real time. In order to build functionality which can be referred to as the “best practice”, and to make a profit doing it, ES providers, such as IFS, need to stay in touch with the market and develop attractive applications in line with the general demand. One way to do this is to collaboratively develop functionality together with customers. In recent years, IFS has developed the product IFS IoT Business Connector in such a collaborative way with a number of pioneer customers. The product enables the collection and analysis of IoT data as well as seamless integration into IFS’ other products. This has opened up possibilities to utilize IoT functionality to support a more efficient provision of services, but the continued successful development of the Business Connector in this direction entails several more collaborative ventures into many different industries. To assist in this, we have concretized how IoT can be used to support a servitization process, as well as how the market has realized and adopted this. This has rendered a conceptual model for judging the suitability of a company, based on the readiness to utilize IoT and servitization respectively. We have then presented which types of customers an ES provider should aim to collaborate with for joint development of functionality in the enterprise system, to enable IoT solutions which can support servitization. This is followed by a presentation of a short market review, and the visualization of the market in the model. From this we draw conclusions about the fit and usefulness of the model, and the market maturity in general. Finally, we present a number of suggestions on how ES providers can work to develop such support in a more efficient manner.

Submitted by Adalberto Tadeu de Oliveira Bromberg (adalbertobromberg@hotmail.com) on 2015-03-18T20:30:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao biblioteca.pdf: 2713450 bytes, checksum: af40d7635e21667084541e09fb466cbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-03-27T18:09:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao biblioteca.pdf: 2713450 bytes, checksum: af40d7635e21667084541e09fb466cbf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-03-27T18:09:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao biblioteca.pdf: 2713450 bytes, checksum: af40d7635e21667084541e09fb466cbf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-27T18:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao biblioteca.pdf: 2713450 bytes, checksum: af40d7635e21667084541e09fb466cbf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-26 / This thesis has as main caractheristics, the research, analysis and the proposal of a model that considers the most relevant factors for the inclusion of the services’ process in manufacturing based companies, especially for companies seeking the nationalization its supply basis. Within this concept of transition and incorporation of services, which is known in the literature as 'servitization', and using as a research subject one electrical hardware manufacturer, it was assessed the planning and execution of servitization for offshore technical services, related to the supply chain of the Subsea Oil and Gas Production industry segment. To support the understanding on the company in regards to services and sertitization and support this research, it was necessary to review the literature on Operations Management in Services, Product - Service Systems, Servitization, Lean Thinking in Services, Products and Services Project Development and Local Content Requirements. Based on the documentation provided by the company, and comparing it with the reviewed academic literature, it was found that the models proposed by the literature do not contain all the elements required to directly apply them on such business. Based on this assessment, it is found the most relevant elements for servitization and it is proposed a model for reflection, which fullfils most specifically the gaps that negatively influence the operational excelance and the corporate strategy of a company related to the Oil and Gas industry. / A presente dissertação tem como principais características, a pesquisa, a análise e a proposição de um modelo de reflexão que considera os fatores mais relevantes na inclusão do processo de prestação de serviços em empresas de manufatura de bens, e em particular de empresas que buscam a nacionalização de sua capacidade de fornecimento. Dentro deste conceito de transição e incorporação de serviços, que é denominado pela literatura como 'servitização', e usando como objeto de pesquisa uma empresa fabricante de hardware elétrico, verificou-se como se deu o planejamento e execução da servitização para prestação de serviços técnicos off-shore, ligados à cadeia de suprimentos do segmento de Produção de Óleo e Gás no mar. Para auxiliar o entendimento sobre o posicionamento da empresa perante serviços, servitização e nacionalização, foi necessária a revisão bibliográfica sobre Requisitos de Conteúdo Local, Gestão de Operações em Serviços, Sistemas Produto-Serviço, Servitização, e Desenvolvimento de Projeto de Produtos e Serviços. A partir da análise de documentação disponibilizada pela empresa, e a comparação desta com a literatura academica revisada, verificou-se que os modelos propostos pela literatura não contém todos os elementos necessários para aplicação direta em negócios deste tipo. Com base nesta avaliação, verifica-se quais os fatores mais relevantes para a servitização e propõe-se um modelo para reflexão. Modelo este que preenche com elementos mais específicos as lacunas que influenciam negativamente na excelência operacional e na estratégia da corporação ligada a indústria de Petróleo e Gás Off-shore.

Les produits avec des phases d'usage multiple sont de plus en plus pris en considération a du fait des pressionséconomiques et environnementales. Ces produits aux cycles de vie complexes, utilisent des process tels que leremanufacturing. Ces process doivent être modélisés et évaluée par des équipes de conception. Cette thèse montrecomment représenter, modéliser et évaluer des produits en cycle de vie à boucle fermées. L'étude montre commentétablir des évaluations environnementales pour ces produits et les comparer aux évaluations environnementales decycles de vie classiques.Les modèles ont été développés sur des travaux antérieurs, tels que la méthodologie de Gehin et al. basée sur leconcept du brique du cycle de vie produit. La première approche proposée sert pour évaluer les bénéficesenvironnementaux des opérations et des activités autour du cycle de vie de produit en boucle fermée(remanufacturing scénario de fin de vie et systèmes de produit-service comme stratégie de vente des services).L'introduction de systèmes produit-service vise à réduire les impacts environnementaux de produits parl'intensification de l'utilisation. Ainsi, la thèse propose un modèle pour évaluer les éléments de systèmes produitsserviceet leur cycle de vie du point de vue environnemental. La thèse se concentre sur l'élaboration d'un modèle quiintègre le cycle de vie d’un produit-service système et ses paramètres, en tenant en compte des éléments physiques,ainsi que de l'infrastructures, la conception des unités de services, les acteurs dans la logistique et leurs interactions.Les modèles permettent d’identifier et de distinguer les différentes phases du cycle de vie du produit et de réajuster ladécision des concepteurs dans le processus de conception du produit. De plus, le modèle cherche l'intégration desparamètres du process de remanufacturing et des systèmes produit-service dans l'ensemble du cycle de vie duproduit. Les modèles visent à aider la conception de produits et de processus, ainsi que les acteurs de la chaîneapprovisionnement et les personnes chargées de la prise de décision sur la conception du produit et deschangements dans le système.Les résultats peuvent être utilisés, afin d'évaluer la performance environnementale des différents scénarios de fin devie des produits, fournissant un outil pour les concepteurs qui permet de quantifier les avantages environnementauxliés à l'utilisation des produits en cycle de vie en boucle fermée. / Products with multiple use phases have to be considered regarding new economic and environmental pressures.Therefore, the related complex life cycles of (re)manufactured products have to be modeled and assessed by designteams for a better understanding of their performance. This thesis presents methodologies to represent, model andassess closed-loop product lifecycle (focused on remanufacturing strategies). The study shows how to establishenvironmental assessments for remanufactured products life cycles and how to compare them to environmentalassessments for classical life cycles.The present study shows how to establish the models and how to compare the environmental assessments ofremanufactured products life cycles vs. classical life cycle scenarios. The objective is to provide easy to use methodsand tools for designers to allow them quantifying the environmental benefits related to the use of a closed loopstrategy. In this project, a life cycle assessment, life cycle bricks, and a parametric model of the products are used toevaluate and compare the environmental benefits provided by the remanufacturing. The methodologies and modelshave been developed based on previous works, such as the the life cycle bricks concept developed by Gehin et al.[2007].On the other hand, the thesis proposes a model to assess the product-service systems elements and their respectivelife cycle from an environmental point of view. Here, the thesis focuses on the development of a model whichintegrates the product lifecycle within those parameters by a product-service system strategy, taking into accountphysical elements, as well as the infrastructures network, unit services design, supply chain actors and theirinteractions.Finally, a model has been developed to assess from an environmental point of view the data of the operations andactivities around product life cycle of the products with final non classic disposition scenarios (remanufacturing asend-of-life scenario and multiple uses by the disposition of the service offers system as a business strategy). Themethodologies and models proposed allow identifying and distinguishing impacts between the different product lifecycle stages and readjust the designers’ decision at the product design stage. The results can be further used insimulation, to evaluate the environmental performance of different product life cycle end-of-life scenarios.

Volvo Construction Equipment (Volvo CE) is one of the world's largest manufacturers of construction machines. Now they want to access a sustainability-focused mining field – urban mining. This study is to find a solution helping Volvo CE quickly access to urban mining with a Product-Service System (PSS) development concept. To do this, the authors completed surveys and several interviews with construction companies, to understand the user and customer needs. The authors also go through a functional analysis on a new prototype of their collaboration partner - Stanford University. The result of this thesis is a PSS concept for urban mining, developed with machine selection guidelines combined with Life Cycle Assessment, and Quality Function Deployment. Recommendations include: 1) Improve the communication between Volvo CE and their Customers. 2) Adding more visible services. 3) Adding multiple business solutions provide to customers. 4) Understanding relevant stakeholders in urban mining 5) Expand research on urban mining.