CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta dissertaÃÃo trata do desenvolvimento socioespacial de Fortaleza, procurando analisar o processo de produÃÃo e apropriaÃÃo do espaÃo urbano no entorno de Ãreas de proteÃÃo ambiental, como respaldo para a avaliaÃÃo de projetos de parques locais. A pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o entorno do Parque EcolÃgico do CocÃ, principalmente as Ãreas de interseÃÃo do espaÃo natural e a malha urbana e o espaÃo construÃdo dentro das faixas de proteÃÃo. O Parque foi analisado segundo a conjuntura polÃtica em que foi implantado, observando-se nos Ãltimos 15 anos as transformaÃÃes ocorridas em seu entorno. O mÃtodo de anÃlise foi fundamentado a partir dos dados obtidos pelos seguintes procedimentos metodolÃgicos: pesquisa bibliogrÃfica realizada para elaboraÃÃo da fundamentaÃÃo teÃrica e resgate das bases histÃrica do desenvolvimento urbano de Fortaleza; pesquisa documental e visitas de campo, para observaÃÃo direta do espaÃo urbano no entorno do Parque e identificaÃÃo das agressÃes e dos pontos vulnerÃveis; entrevistas estruturadas com moradores objetivando recolher informaÃÃes acerca das mudanÃas provocadas com a implantaÃÃo do Parque EcolÃgico do CocÃ. A partir da anÃlise dos resultados da pesquisa conclui-se que a desigualdade socioespacial se reproduz em diferentes escalas na cidade de Fortaleza. à na natureza que se verificam os impactos da degradaÃÃo e do desenvolvimento. A configuraÃÃo das Ãreas verdes da Cidade demonstra as mazelas frutos de intervenÃÃes pontuais e desarticuladas. O rio Cocà faz parte de uma bacia, mas sua relaÃÃo com os demais corpos hÃdricos nÃo à considerada pelo planejamento e pela gestÃo pÃblica. Desta forma o tecido urbano se impÃe sobre os possÃveis circuitos verdes. à assim com o Parque EcolÃgico do CocÃ, cuja Ãrea verde desaparece em meio a Cidade. Isolado e valorizado em determinadas Ãreas, âescondeâ as agressÃes, estimula as pressÃes do mercado imobiliÃrio e nÃo faz parte da vida das comunidades em seu entorno, tornando o rio e o mangue mais vulnerÃveis. / This work is related to the social and space development of Fortaleza, and analyzes the process of urban space production and appropriation in the environmental protected surrounding area, as a support for the evaluation of local parks projects. The research had as the object of study the surroundings of the Cocà Ecological Park, more specifically the areas of intersection of the natural and urban spaces, and the space developed into the areas of protection. The Park was analyzed according to political context in which it was implemented, considering the transformations happened in its surroundings in the last 15 years. The research method was based in the data collected by the following techniques: bibliographic research made for the theoretical foundation and for getting the historical urban development of Fortaleza; documental research and visits in the field, the last did in order to observe directly the urban space in the Park surroundings and identification of the main aggression and the vulnerable points; structured interviews with residents, aiming to collect information about the changes provoked by the implementation of the of the Cocà Ecological Park. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was possible to conclude that the sÃcio space inequalities are reproduced in different levels in Fortaleza. It was in the nature where could be verified the main impacts of the degradation and development. The configuration of the green areas of Fortaleza demonstrates the problems came from the punctual and unarticulated interventions. The Cocà river is part of a basin, but its relation with the other basin components is not considered by the public planning and management. This way, the urban areas advance on the river area and consequently on possible green spaces. This is what happens with the Cocà Ecological Park, where the green area disappears into the city. Isolated and valued in certain areas, the river âhidesâ the aggressions, stimulates pressures of the civil construction and real state market, and gets not part of the life of the communities in its surroundings, making the river and the swamp vulnerable.

L'agglomération de Tripoli Al-Fayhā’a (Liban) est riche d'une histoire complexe et mouvementée. Depuis un siècle, sa société doit faire face à de profondes mutations aux causes et conséquences multiples, mais essentiellement liées à la reconfiguration de ses structures économiques engendrée par son incorporation dans le Liban moderne. Ancienne cité commerciale rayonnante à vocation régionale et internationale, Tripoli a perdu de son dynamisme économique. Elle ne produit plus suffisamment de richesses pour assurer à sa population une continuité de sa prospérité passée. Elle est devenue le lieu de combats physiques, économiques et symboliques dans lequel ses habitants luttent quotidiennement pour assurer leur subsistance. Postulant l'établissement d'une économie désormais principalement fondée sur des logiques de rente foncière et immobilière et de spéculation, notre thèse se propose d'analyser les raisons et la véritable teneur de ce mode de production urbaine particulier, ainsi que ses mécanismes et effets, sous l'angle de l'étude, dans la durée, des spatialités relatives à trois projets urbains : l'aménagement du littoral, la réalisation d'une opération de remembrement à finalité immobilière de jardins périurbains et le réaménagement et la mise en valeur de la médina. L'analyse des systèmes d'actions caractérisant ces trois situations ‒ appréhendées dans leurs dynamiques spatiales, historiques et sociopolitiques ainsi qu’aux échelles locale, régionale, nationale et internationale ‒, invite à questionner le sens des urbanités et de l'éventuelle citadinité en jeu à Tripoli et, au-delà, la nature fondamentale du pouvoir qui s'y exerce. Elle nous conduit alors à nous interroger sur la formation et l'existence, ainsi que P. Bourdieu la désignerait, d'une illusio immobilière, produit et productrice d'un puissant « affect commun » joyeux, laquelle serait parvenue ‒ en suivant la proposition de B. Spinoza ‒ à un état d'imperium aux conséquences humaines et gouvernementales insoutenables. / The Tripoli Al-Fayha’ a (Lebanon) urban area has a complex and eventful history. For a century its society has been facing transformative changes with a multitude of sources and consequences essentially linked to the reconfiguration of its economic structures born of its incorporation into modern Lebanon. Once an ancient and influential commercial city with regional and international reach, Tripoli has lost much of its economic vitality. It no longer creates sufficient wealth to provide its population with the continuation of past prosperity. It has become a place of physical, economic and symbolic battles in which its inhabitants struggle daily to ensure their livelihood. Postulating the establishment of an economy now principally based on a system of land and real-estate rent and of speculation, our thesis is proposing to analyse the reasons and true tenor of this particular process of production of urban space, as well as its mechanisms and effects, as a study, over time, of the spatialities linked to three urban projects: coastal planning, the realization of a real-estate driven land reparcelling of suburban orchards, and the redevelopment and enhancement of the Medina. The analysis of the sets of actions specific to these three situations – taken in their spatial, historical, and sociopolitical dynamics as well as on a local, regional, national, and international scale – invites one to question the meaning of urbanities and of a possible citadinity at play in Tripoli and, beyond this, to question the fundamental nature of the power exercised there. This analysis leads us then to ponder on the formation and existence of, as P. Bourdieu would designate it, a real-estate illusio, produced from and producing a powerful pleasurable “common affect”, which has reached – following B. Spinoza’s proposition – a state of imperium with unsustainable human and governmental consequences.

Depuis la fin des années 1990, la périphérie de Marrakech connaît un étalement urbain sans précédent. Il trouve son origine dans la multiplication des complexes touristiques, mais il est dû aussi au grand nombre d’opérations immobilières périurbaines, en particulier de celles destinées à un segment de clientèle spécifique, les classes moyennes. Ces opérations immobilières sont généralement réalisées dans le cadre de la production de masse de logements, dans un contexte foncier et immobilier tendu et à un moment où se systématisent les pratiques dérogatoires en matière d’urbanisme. Notre thèse examine les pratiques et les discours des promoteurs immobiliers, lesquels se révèlent être en grande partie le résultat d’une lente « construction » rendue possible par les politiques de l’Habitat qui se sont succédé au Maroc depuis l’Indépendance. Des Marrakchis, des Marocains provenant d’autres villes du Maroc, des Marocains résidents à l’étranger et, dans une moindre mesure, des Européens peuplent ces périphéries récentes à fonction « résidentielle » dominante. Les modes d’habiter de cette population hétérogène sont placés sous le signe de la mobilité, mais leur apparente ressemblance n’en cache pas moins bien des nuances, selon que l’on a affaire à des résidents « permanents » ou à des résidents « temporaires ». / Since the end of the 1990s, unprecedented expansion has taken place on the periphery of Marrakech, Morocco. This urban sprawl is in part due both to the increased number of leisure complexes built for the tourist industry and to the large number of suburban residential developments, in particular those destined for the new urban middle classes. These new neighbourhoods, generally mass produced, were constructed in a tense land and property market at a time when a growing number of exceptions were being allowed within the main planning framework. This thesis examines both the practices and discourses of property developers. In part, these turn out to be the result of a slow shift made possible by the successive changes in the Moroccan State’s housing policy since independence in 1956. Locals (Marrakchis), Moroccans from elsewhere in the country, Moroccan residents abroad and, to a lesser extent, Europeans have settled in the new, largely residential areas on the periphery. Mobility is a key characteristic of this heterogeneous population. There are many nuances within the population’s practices, largely linked to whether the ‘settlers’ are permanent or temporary.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nardoque_s_dr_rcla.pdf: 5922884 bytes, checksum: fb6cdd9e744742ea7d69155dda3950c0 (MD5) / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar a produção do espaço urbano em Jales e os principais agentes produtores. Para compreender essa produção, analisou-se a constituição das frentes de expansão e pioneira na apropriação da terra no Noroeste paulista. A apropriação ocorreu de forma ilícita por meio da grilagem de terras nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A partir do final da primeira metade desse século, foram fundadas cidades para incrementar projetos imobiliários com objetivos de fragmentar a terra em pequenas propriedades. Esse processo contribuiu para a desconcentração fundiária no extremo Noroeste, com predomínio de pequenos estabelecimentos rurais de base familiar e com diversificação agrícola. Os projetos imobiliários compuseram a gênese da rede urbana formada, na maioria, por cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes. Jales foi a primeira cidade fundada na região e tornou-se o centro dessa rede urbana, pois concentra atividades comerciais e os serviços de maior complexidade regional. A drenagem de renda regional, principalmente fundiária, contribuiu e contribui para a produção do espaço urbano em Jales, principalmente através dos empreendimentos imobiliários destinados a residências e prédios comerciais e de serviços. A produção do espaço urbano em Jales é determinada por dois agentes principais: o poder público e os herdeiros do fundador Euphly Jalles. As relações desses dois agentes são pautadas pelos princípios do poder local, apresentando-se momentos de aproximação e outros de conflitos. Mas o propósito elementar dos Jalles é a extração da renda da terra por meio de suas modalidades (absoluta, diferencial e de monopólio) por possuírem terras sob seus domínios nos arredores da cidade, promovendo empreendimentos imobiliários e apropriando-se de ganhos imobiliários extraordinários através de contratos de enfiteuse. / This thesis is mainly aimed to analyze the urban space production in Jales and the main producing agents. To understand this production, the constitution of front and pioneering expansion was analyzed in the appropriation of the land in the São Paulo Northwest. The appropriation happened illegally through the illegal land occupancy during the first decades of the 20th century. From the end of the first half of this century, cities had been established to develop real estate projects with objectives to break up the land in small properties. This process contributed for the land distribution in the extreme Northwest, with predominance of small agricultural establishments of familiar base and with agricultural diversification. The real estate projects had composed the genesis of the formed urban net mainly by cities with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Jales was the first city established in the region and it became the center of this urban net, as it concentrates commercial activities and the services with the biggest regional complexity. The draining of regional income, mainly agrarian, contributed and contributes for the production of the urban space in Jales, mainly through the residential, commercial and services building real estate enterprises. The production of the urban space in Jales is determined by two main agents: the public power and the heirs of the founder Euphly Jalles. The relations of these two agents are ruled by the principles of the local power, facing moments of approach and others of conflicts. But the elementary purpose of the Jalles is the extraction of the income of the land by means of its modalities (absolute, differential and of monopoly) for possessing lands under its domains in the surroundings of the city, promoting real estate enterprises and assuming themselves of extraordinary real estate profits through emphyteusis contracts.

In my diploma thesis I have focused on the optimization of ‘Production Operational Management’ in terms of change management and work organization in the department of thermo case and pre-production within the company Automotive Lighting, s.r.o. which is a producer of automobile light technique. The intention of the first part is to produce general characteristics of the company. The analysis of the current stage results from the production system and the organizational structure particularly in the pre-production department of thermo cases. Based on this analysis I have designed the proposal so that it consists of a new organizational structure and a new work organization with a view to customer satisfaction within a demanding product while taking into consideration quality and time. In the final part of this thesis I have looked at the contribution and feasibility conditions of the output proposal.

[pt] Esta dissertação traz para o campo teórico os processos relativos à ação social, enxergando seu potencial de transformação do espaço urbano a partir da metodologia da cartografia da ação (RIBEIRO, 2001), seguindo a linha da investigação/participação ativa. (BARTHOLL, 2018) Desse modo, o trabalho tem como objetivo geral: discutir o espaço da Favela do Final Feliz a partir do diálogo com o Coletivo COE. Ao longo da construção teórica, caracterizo o espaço da Favela do Final Feliz dissociado da visão do “sobrevoo” e discuto sua inserção no processo de produção da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir das ações cotidianas em comunidade, através de uma pesquisa-ação participativa, demonstro as formas de apropriação do espaço pelo Coletivo COE e como elas moldam as experiências do espaço vivido nesta favela. Este trabalho produz um entendimento mais aprofundado e fidedigno da Favela do Final Feliz e do Coletivo COE, o que demonstra a relevância da Geografia e da pesquisa-ação para compreender os movimentos sociais em favelas. / [en] This dissertation brings to the theoretical field the processes related to social action, seeing its potential for transforming urban space from the methodology of cartography of action, following the line of investigation/active participation. In this way, the work has the general objective: Discuss the space of Favela do Final Feliz from the dialogue with Coletivo COE. Throughout the theoretical construction, I characterize the space of Favela do Final Feliz dissociated from the “overflight” vision and discuss its insertion in the production process of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Based on everyday actions in the community, through participatory action research, I demonstrate the forms of appropriation of space by Coletivo COE and how they shape the experiences of the space lived in this favela. This work produces a deeper and more reliable understanding of Favela do Final Feliz and Coletivo COE, which demonstrates the relevance of Geography and action research to understand social movements in favelas. / [es] Esta disertación trae al campo teórico los procesos relacionados con la acción social, viendo su potencial para transformar el espacio urbano desde la metodología de la cartografía de la acción, siguiendo la línea de investigación/participación activa. De esta forma, el trabajo tiene como objetivo general: Discutir el espacio de la Favela do Final Feliz a partir del diálogo con el Coletivo COE. A lo largo de la construcción teórica, caracterizo el espacio de Favela do Final Feliz disociado de la visión de “sobrevuelo” y discuto su inserción en el proceso de producción de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. A partir de acciones cotidianas en la comunidad, a través de la investigación acción participativa, demuestro las formas de apropiación del espacio por parte del Coletivo COE y cómo configuran las experiencias del espacio vivido en esta favela. Este trabajo produce una comprensión más profunda y confiable de Favela do Final Feliz y Coletivo COE, lo que demuestra la relevancia de la Geografía y la investigación acción para comprender los movimientos sociales en las favelas.