A rápida urbanização pela qual passou a sociedade brasileira foi certamente uma das principais questões sociais do país no século XX. Nesse período, em São Paulo, não apenas a capital, mas as cidades do interior começaram a se expandir rapidamente, dando início a formação de uma rede de cidades, o que tornou possível estabelecer o conceito ou noção de cidade média. A ideia de planejamento urbano foi incorporada nas políticas públicas e por órgãos que se tornaram responsáveis pela elaboração de planos e propostas para essas cidades do interior, na qual destaca-se o CPEU (Centro de Pesquisa e Estudos Urbanísticos), a partir dos anos 1950, que atuava dentro da FAUUSP. Os profissionais ligados a essa instituição atuaram na assistência técnica, orientando na elaboração de planos e organizando o setor de planejamento no interior da estrutura administrativa, além de estabelecer propostas urbanísticas baseadas nos conceitos de cidade-jardim e no urbanismo norteamericano, em contraponto ao que estava sendo implementado na capital. Levando em conta as características particulares dos processos de urbanização dessas cidades, analisamos neste trabalho quatro cidades paulistas (Bauru, Franca, Presidente Prudente e São José dos Campos), na tentativa de compreender: A. Como se deu o processo de expansão do espaço urbano dessas cidades, em de decorrência da implantação de novos eixos de estruturação de mobilidade urbana; B. A relação da abertura desses novos eixos com a ocupação das áreas de fundo de vale. Nossa análise pode ser dividida em três momentos: a expansão dos primeiros núcleos urbanos até o momento da elaboração dos primeiros Planos Diretores; o momento de sua elaboração e suas diretrizes principais; e, após sua aprovação, como tais políticas públicas e a implantação de novos eixos de circulação redefiniram não apenas os processos de expansão dessas cidades, mas influenciaram na estruturação dos seus espaços intraurbanos. / The fast process of urbanization that Brazilian society has been through was certainly one of the major social issues of the country in the 20th century. During this period, in São Paulo, not only the capital, but also the inner cities began to expand quickly, initiating the formation of a network of cities, which made possible to establish the concept or notion of medium city. The idea of urban planning have become embedded in public policies and institutions that became responsible for the elaborations of urban plans and proposals for cities, in which stands out the Master Plans made by CPEU (Research Center and Urban Studies), in the years of 1950. Professionals of this institution worked in technical assistance for medium cities of São Paulo, guiding the elaboration of urban plans and organizing the planning sector within the administrative structure, besides establishing urbanistic proposals based on the concepts of city-garden and North American urbanism, in contrast to which has been implemented in the capital. Considering the particular characteristics of the urbanization processes of these cities, we analysed the expansion process of four cities in Sao Paulo (Bauru, Franca, Presidente Prudente e São José dos Campos), in attempt to understand: A. How was the process of expansion of the urban space of these cities, because of the implantation of new axes of urban mobility structure; B. The relation between the opening of new axes and the occupation of the valley bottom areas. Our analysis can be divided into three moments. The expansion of the first urban nuclei up until the time of the first Master Plans elaboration. The moment of its elaboration and its main directives. Finally, the process of its approval and how such public policies and the establishment of new axes of circulation redefined not only the processes of expansion of these cities but influenced the structuring of their intra-urban spaces.

Esta pesquisa aborda as políticas territoriais implementadas no Distrito Federal com foco na área de expansão urbana de Águas Claras, levando em consideração os diversos fatores que contribuíram e contribuem para a produção deste espaço como tal, sua dinâmica e suas transformações. A produção do espaço no Distrito Federal intermediada pelo Estado proporciona áreas de expansão urbana, que são definidas em diferentes períodos, direcionando o mercado imobiliário para uma área pré-estabelecida, até que esta área fique saturada, deslocando esse mercado para outra área determinada pelo Estado, dando continuidade nesse processo, proporcionando sempre novas áreas para a reprodução do capital. Águas Claras surge como exemplo dessas áreas de expansão urbana no DF, parte integrante deste processo, que são estabelecidas a partir de uma demanda de ordem política e econômica. É importante salientar a propriedade da terra, visto que, as terras onde se encontra Águas Claras anteriormente pertenciam ao Governo do Distrito Federal e foram vendidas aos promotores imobiliários com o discurso de construir um local para habitação da classe média entre duas áreas já urbanizadas. Com isso, ao longo desta pesquisa, percebe-se que Águas Claras se materializa como sendo mais um espaço de realização de reprodução do capital no DF, porém com características peculiares que tornam o enfoque desta pesquisa interessante e diferente das outras análises feitas no Distrito Federal. / This research boards the territorial politics implemented in the Distrito Federal with focus in the urbane expansion of Águas Claras, taking into account several factors that contributed and still contribute to the production of this space such as its dynamic and transformations.The production of the space in the Distrito Federal is intermediated by the State. This intermediation provides areas of urbane expansion, which are defined in different periods, taking the building market for an established area, until this area is saturated, moving this market for another area determined by the State, giving continuity in this process, always providing new areas for the reproduction of the capital. Águas Claras is an example of an area in urbane expansion in the DF. Águas Claras is integrant part of this process, which is established from a demand of political and economical order. It is important point out that the property of the lands where Águas Claras is situeated previously were belonging to the Government of the Distrito Federal and they were sold to the property promoters with the speech of building a place for dwelling of the middle class between two already built-up areas. With that, along this research, it is realized which Águas Claras it materializes like being one more space of realization of reproduction of the capital in the DF, however with special characteristics that make the approach of this research interesting and different from other analyses done in the Federal area.

The aim of this thesis is to explain the production of urban space at the southwestern periphery of Ankara between 1985 and 2007. It has been argued that urban development is not a self-regulatory process / on contrary it is a process produced by urban planning practice. In this respect this thesis asks how and what extent urban planning produces particular urban pattern at the peripheral areas. The southwestern periphery is taken into account as a field of case study due to the peculiar development dynamics. Historical development in this area reveals a contrast between planned development directed by master plans and problematic development that has been produced by fragmented and incoherent planning processes. The difficulties of urban plans and urban planning are intimately related with the legal and administrative structures of the planning system. A methodology offered in this thesis is devised to analyze the incremental and piecemeal nature of planning process with reference to these structures. The results of the research has shown that when confronted with legal and administrative conflicts and struggles, fragmented planning decisions manipulating the existing master plan intensify and become the root cause of dispersed, awkward and haphazard spatial patterns of urban expansion.

The aim of this thesis is to explain the production of urban space at the southwestern periphery of Ankara between 1985 and 2007. It has been argued that urban development is not a self-regulatory process / on contrary it is a process produced by urban planning practice. In this respect this thesis asks how and what extent urban planning produces particular urban pattern at the peripheral areas. The southwestern periphery is taken into account as a field of case study due to the peculiar development dynamics. Historical development in this area reveals a contrast between planned development directed by master plans and problematic development that has been produced by fragmented and incoherent planning processes. The difficulties of urban plans and urban planning are intimately related with the legal and administrative structures of the planning system. A methodology offered in this thesis is devised to analyze the incremental and piecemeal nature of planning process with reference to these structures. The results of the research has shown that when confronted with legal and administrative conflicts and struggles, fragmented planning decisions manipulating the existing master plan intensify and become the root cause of dispersed, awkward and haphazard spatial patterns of urban expansion.

Privatization debate in urban planning literature is accelerating as commodification of urban space increases by the tension between urban planning and privatization. The limited number of studies on the privatization of public lands and its impacts on urban planning processes as well as the theoretical framework in terms of rent, rights to property, and public interest issues has stimulated the aims of this thesis. All these provided a base for this thesis. This Thesis aims to clarify the relationship between capitalist production and public property, which has been created in urban space through privatization within a historical context. Critical evaluation is centered around the differences in implementation, related planning approaches and processes, the roles of the actors, and spatial impacts on the neighboring areas and the urban macroform in case of a de jure-privatization of a public land in the city of Ankara: Meat and Fish Products Firm (EB&Uuml / A.S.) Akk&ouml / pr&uuml / Slaughterhouse Area. How and why market mechanisms functions and reacts is analyzed in this case study. This Thesis argues that de jure-privatization and de facto-privatization conceptual differentiation might be meaningful for urban planning as the related processes and implementation function separately. Even though every de jure-privatization (privatization) experience has its own dynamics and is a unique case, the practice in Turkey differs from the world cases: Firstly, under the same legislation, Turkey exercised liquidation, donation, privatization, and socialization. Secondly, de jure-privatization is public land privatization oriented. Thirdly, as a nodal intervention, privatization has direct impacts on urban planning and the planned growth of the cities. Urbanization processes are not under the control of rational planning as these are completely left to market forces. In this de jure-privatization process, urban space is (re) produced by market-led planning approaches and public interest issue (in urban plans) is neglected. Market-led planning approaches became an act of controlling the means of power, ended the production functions of the state, and produced spaces of consumption while decreasing competitiveness of other spaces and treated public land as a commodity. Public space defined by the urban plan has become private space publicly used. As a result, public good characteristic of public space is lost. In other words, the demands of the market institution have priority for private interests and the rationality of the capitalist (re) produces urban space. The decision to continue production is left to the capitalist. Therefore, urban planning in the privatization process becomes an action to determine the real land value, to generate rent, and to transfer development potential and privileged development rights. This refers to a paradigm shift in urban planning. These outcomes challenge the legitimacy of both planning and market institutions. This thesis stresses that if de jure-privatization is inevitable, purely market-critical comprehensive rational planning should not be left aside for the legitimacy of the market institution and urban planning. This must be because / market cannot also be legitimate and trustable without the emergence of urban planning. Market should also be for public interest otherwise it would shake its own legitimacy. Articulation of urban planning with privatization for public interest could be than spelled. In other words, privatization can be accepted as an ideology by urban planning in spatial terms, if public interest is the objective in all plan hierarchies. In the de jure-privatization process, there are uncertainties, dualisms, and problem areas in terms of administrative action, (re) production of urban space, economic issues, and public interest issues. Without the awareness of these, (re) production of urban space market-critically is irrational. Conclusively, the de jure-privatization related planning processes are defined in this thesis to strengthen urban planning as an institution and ideology.

Space is a social product and produced socially. For a social analysis, it is therefore necessary to put equal emphasis on conceptualisations of time and space and to analyse the production process of space. This thesis aims to analyse the production of capitalist space and it is based on Lefebvre&rsquo / s conceptualisation of &lsquo / production of space&rsquo / within the context of Marxist urban space theories. It is based on the argument that every mode of production creates its own spaces and the new spaces call for new social relations. In the analysis of space, historical geographical materialism and realist geography are used. In this thesis, the production of urban space of Ankara is analysed with an emphasis on social relations of planning and architecture. Ankara as the capital city is a spatial representation of nation state and national identity. Spatial representations and practices are analysed in terms of Atat&uuml / rk Boulevard and the squares of Ulus, Sihhiye and Kizilay. Within this scope, public buildings and monuments, housing, transportation and commercial spaces are examined by drawing on Lefebvre&rsquo / s conceptual triad of &lsquo / spatial practices&rsquo / , &lsquo / representations of space&rsquo / and &lsquo / spaces of representation&rsquo / . In the production process of the urban space of Ankara, history of space is considered as the history of its forms and representations and the production of urban space is examined in historical periods. The exploratory type of research used in this study is primarily based on documentary-historical data.

Esta dissertação trata dos conflitos entre distintos agentes sociais pelo espaço urbano na metrópole paulistana. Para tanto, descreve e analisa dois eventos ocorridos na região sudoeste: a compra de setenta barracos por parte de uma construtora na favela Jardim Panorama e uma reintegração de posse na favela Real Parque. Depreendem-se da descrição e da análise de ambos os eventos basicamente três fenômenos: o aprofundamento do processo de privatização da gestão urbana já observado em outros estudos, sobretudo na região sudoeste da metrópole; a reconfiguração do campo de conflito expresso na relativa diminuição da presença dos movimentos sociais urbanos e do poder público como agente mediador dos eventos em questão, que foram protagonizados por empresas, ONGs, advogados e movimento hip-hop; por fim, apresentam-se mecanismos de deslegitimação da população pobre como interlocutora. Para esta dissertação, esses conflitos constituem processos de segregação sócioespacial. / This dissertation deals with the conflicts between distinct social agents for the urban space in the São Paulo metropolis. In such a way it describes and analyzes two events occurred in the southwestern region: the purchase of seventy barracos (precarious dwelling) by a constructor in the slum quarter Jardim Panorama and a reintegration of ownership in the Real Parque slum quarter. From the description and the analysis of both events, we basically infer three phenomena: the deepening of the process of privatization of the observed urban management, already observed in other studies, specially in the southwestern region of the metropolis; the reconfiguration of the field of express conflict in the relative reduction of the presence of the urban social movements and the public power as mediating agent of the events in question, that had been carried out by private companies, NGOs, lawyers and hip-hop movement; and finally, mechanisms of disqualification of the poor population as interlocutor are presented. For this dissertation, these conflicts constitute processes of social-spatial segregation.

SOARES, Joisa Maria Barroso. Parque ecológico do Cocó: a produção do espaço urbano no entorno de áreas de proteção ambiental. 2005. 150 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente-Prodema, Fortaleza,CE, 2005. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-22T18:39:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jmbsoares.pdf: 1196566 bytes, checksum: 6fe2cbf7c588b1ecd9b7bd32118eae16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-22T18:39:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jmbsoares.pdf: 1196566 bytes, checksum: 6fe2cbf7c588b1ecd9b7bd32118eae16 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-22T18:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_jmbsoares.pdf: 1196566 bytes, checksum: 6fe2cbf7c588b1ecd9b7bd32118eae16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / This work is related to the social and space development of Fortaleza, and analyzes the process of urban space production and appropriation in the environmental protected surrounding area, as a support for the evaluation of local parks projects. The research had as the object of study the surroundings of the Cocó Ecological Park, more specifically the areas of intersection of the natural and urban spaces, and the space developed into the areas of protection. The Park was analyzed according to political context in which it was implemented, considering the transformations happened in its surroundings in the last 15 years. The research method was based in the data collected by the following techniques: bibliographic research made for the theoretical foundation and for getting the historical urban development of Fortaleza; documental research and visits in the field, the last did in order to observe directly the urban space in the Park surroundings and identification of the main aggression and the vulnerable points; structured interviews with residents, aiming to collect information about the changes provoked by the implementation of the of the Cocó Ecological Park. Through the analysis of the data collected, it was possible to conclude that the sócio space inequalities are reproduced in different levels in Fortaleza. It was in the nature where could be verified the main impacts of the degradation and development. The configuration of the green areas of Fortaleza demonstrates the problems came from the punctual and unarticulated interventions. The Cocó river is part of a basin, but its relation with the other basin components is not considered by the public planning and management. This way, the urban areas advance on the river area and consequently on possible green spaces. This is what happens with the Cocó Ecological Park, where the green area disappears into the city. Isolated and valued in certain areas, the river “hides” the aggressions, stimulates pressures of the civil construction and real state market, and gets not part of the life of the communities in its surroundings, making the river and the swamp vulnerable. / Esta dissertação trata do desenvolvimento socioespacial de Fortaleza, procurando analisar o processo de produção e apropriação do espaço urbano no entorno de áreas de proteção ambiental, como respaldo para a avaliação de projetos de parques locais. A pesquisa teve como objeto de estudo o entorno do Parque Ecológico do Cocó, principalmente as áreas de interseção do espaço natural e a malha urbana e o espaço construído dentro das faixas de proteção. O Parque foi analisado segundo a conjuntura política em que foi implantado, observando-se nos últimos 15 anos as transformações ocorridas em seu entorno. O método de análise foi fundamentado a partir dos dados obtidos pelos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: pesquisa bibliográfica realizada para elaboração da fundamentação teórica e resgate das bases histórica do desenvolvimento urbano de Fortaleza; pesquisa documental e visitas de campo, para observação direta do espaço urbano no entorno do Parque e identificação das agressões e dos pontos vulneráveis; entrevistas estruturadas com moradores objetivando recolher informações acerca das mudanças provocadas com a implantação do Parque Ecológico do Cocó. A partir da análise dos resultados da pesquisa conclui-se que a desigualdade socioespacial se reproduz em diferentes escalas na cidade de Fortaleza. É na natureza que se verificam os impactos da degradação e do desenvolvimento. A configuração das áreas verdes da Cidade demonstra as mazelas frutos de intervenções pontuais e desarticuladas. O rio Cocó faz parte de uma bacia, mas sua relação com os demais corpos hídricos não é considerada pelo planejamento e pela gestão pública. Desta forma o tecido urbano se impõe sobre os possíveis circuitos verdes. È assim com o Parque Ecológico do Cocó, cuja área verde desaparece em meio a Cidade. Isolado e valorizado em determinadas áreas, “esconde” as agressões, estimula as pressões do mercado imobiliário e não faz parte da vida das comunidades em seu entorno, tornando o rio e o mangue mais vulneráveis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2714.pdf: 3833341 bytes, checksum: 535969dff280ee389c156b17aeeb3ba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-24 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The present work aims to elaborate an acquaintance about the social and spatial inequalities still few studied in non-metropolitan urban realities, specifically in small towns. Therefore this dissertation attempts to weave some considerations about the production of urban spaces in São Paulo small towns, examining the practices and actions of the producers agents of the urban space, which contribute to an unequal and excluding social-spatial formation, making a reflection from a study case in Capão Bonito, Buri and Ribeirão Grande, in order to achieve an analysis that allows to understand how public and private spheres and the civil society contribute in different ways to the unequal production of urban spaces, seeking to identify, in different perspectives, how exclusion is manifested in these urban realities. Thus, we seek to contribute to a deeper theoretical understanding of excluding processes in small towns in São Paulo State. The concept of spatial deconstruction is used as an analytical instrument to interpret space production and this research was made feasible by a bibliographic gathering, fieldwork and collection, data analysis and systematization that allowed a spatial reading of exclusion to indicate in different perspectives, how the phenomenon manifests itself both in the intra-urban scale and in the intercity scale. For this purpose we seek to contextualize the small towns from the economical aspects linked to the urbanization process, through what is possible to verify the constitution of Brazilian urban network guided by the competition between cities. Then reflect if the small towns, in this context, are excluding territories and emphasize the importance of thinking about solutions, mainly in territorial management and integrated urban network, turning possible to minimize the socio-spatial inequalities that afflict small towns. / O presente trabalho visa elaborar um conhecimento a respeito das desigualdades sociais e espaciais, ainda pouco estudadas, em realidades urbanas não metropolitanas, mais especificamente em cidades pequenas. Esta dissertação procura, portanto, tecer algumas considerações a respeito da produção do espaço urbano em cidades pequenas paulistas, analisando as práticas e ações dos agentes produtores do espaço urbano, que contribuem para uma formação sócio-espacial desigual e excludente, realizando uma reflexão a partir de um estudo de caso em Capão Bonito, Buri e Ribeirão Grande, a fim de concretizar uma análise que permita entender como as esferas pública e privada e a sociedade civil contribuem de diferentes maneiras para a produção desigual do espaço urbano, buscando identificar, em diferentes perspectivas, como a exclusão se manifesta nestas realidades urbanas. Desse modo, buscamos contribuir para um aprofundamento teórico da compreensão dos processos excludentes em pequenas cidades paulistas. O conceito de desconstrução espacial é utilizado como um instrumento de análise para interpretação da produção do espaço e para viabilização da pesquisa foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico, trabalho de campo e coleta, análise e sistematização de dados, que permitiram uma leitura espacial da exclusão para indicar, em diferentes perspectivas, como o fenômeno se manifesta, tanto na escala intra-urbana quanto na interurbana. Para tanto procura-se contextualizar as cidades pequenas a partir dos aspectos econômicos atrelados ao processo de urbanização, por meio do qual é possível verificar a constituição da rede urbana brasileira pautada na competição entre as cidades. Daí pensar se as cidades pequenas, neste contexto, são territórios da exclusão e salientar a importância de se pensar em soluções, principalmente de gestão territorial e de rede urbana integrada, que possibilitem minimizar as desigualdades sócio-espaciais que afligem as cidades pequenas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amorim_fo_me_prud.pdf: 6387776 bytes, checksum: 9e59a4127b2231fae085f4e25c275c1f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho analisamos a relação entre espaço da circulação, saúde ambiental e produção do espaço urbano, a partir da análise do processo de produção deste espaço urbano pelo espaço da circulação como um acúmulo desigual de tempos até a cidade do automóvel em Manaus. Constata-se que este acúmulo desigual de tempos, com suas relações e conflitos, acabam por se tornar um problema ao gerar exclusão sócio-espacial e também problemas de saúde ambiental ao impactar desigualmente a qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Este efeito compõe um estado ambiental de poluição atmosférica que por sua vez é pressionada e acentuada pelo aumento da taxa de motorização. Neste contexto, aplicamos uma matriz de análise de indicadores ambientais baseada no modelo FPEEEA (Força Motriz, Pressão, Estado/Situação, Exposição, Efeito, Ação), aqui compreendida como Força Motriz, Pressão, Situação, Efeito e Resposta (FMPSER). A partir da correlação destes indicadores sócio-ambientais, analisamos a incidência sintomática de morbidades do aparelho respiratório em trabalhadores informais frente à exposição a poluentes atmosféricos provenientes da queima de combustível fóssil em veículos automotores nos terminais de transporte coletivo urbano em Manaus (Terminal 01, Terminal 02, Terminal 03, Terminal 04 e Terminal 05) e pela área circundante à Igreja Matriz (calçadão na Rua Theodoro Souto esquina com Marechal Deodoro e Pavilhão Universal na Praça Tenreiro Aranha), conhecido como Terminal da Matriz... / In this study we analyze the relationship between circulation space, environmental health and production of urban space, from the analysis of the building process of urban space by the circulation space as an unequal accumulation of time until the car city in Manaus. It appears that this accumulation of unequal time, along with their relationships and conflicts, eventually become a problem when generates sociospatial exclusion and also environmental health problems for impacting unequally at its residents’ quality of life. This effect sets up an environmental state of pollution which is pressed and accentuated by the increasing rate of motorization. In this context, we applied an environment indicator analysis matrix based on the FPEEEA model (Driving Force, Pressure, State/Situation, Exposure, Effect, Action), translated in here as Driving Force, Pressure, State, Effect and Response (FMPSER). From the correlation among these social-environmental indicators, we analyzed the respiratory morbidity symptomatic incidence in informal workers, who were exposed to air pollutants resulting from the fossil fuel burning in motor vehicles of urban public transportation terminals in Manaus (Terminal 01, Terminal 02, Terminal 03, Terminal 04 and Terminal 05) and the area surrounding the Matix Church (sidewalk on the corner of Theodoro Souto and Marshal Deodoro Streets and the Pavilhão Universal at Tenreiro Aranha Square), known as the Matrix’ Terminal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)