Orientador: Hidekasu Matsumoto / Banca: Alessandro Roger Rodrigues / Banca: Fatima de Lourdes dos Santos Nunes Marques / Resumo: Este trabalho procura auxiliar determinadas ferramentas da Gestão da Qualidade e alguns procedimentos em Engenharia de Produção. Baseado no desafio e na competitividade industrial que é estimulado pela evolução contínua de novas tecnologias, que busca o desenvolvimento e inovação constante de softwares aplicativos. Utilizando-se de técnicas tradicionais de apuração de custos de produção para garantir a lucratividade e qualidade de fabricação, procedeu-se ao estudo e ao entendimento de processos de fabricação e o desenvolvimento do sistema computacional, com a finalidade de armazenar dados e informações, para apurar o custo real de fabricação e poder determinar, com agilidade e precisão, preços de venda competitivos. O principal problema identificado diz respeito às decisões questionáveis na questão da formação de preços de venda de produtos, a partir da sua produção, que são tomadas através de dados e informações históricas de custos de fabricação coletadas informalmente e sem critérios específicos. Dessa forma, justifica-se a informatização e automatização dos procedimentos de controle de custeios, como beneficio às empresas de manufatura, minimizando o esforço de apuração e a propagação de erros em cálculos para a composição dos preços. Conclui-se que a implementação deste controle informatizado agrega valores à empresa, pelo beneficio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work tries to aid certain tools of the Administration of the Quality and some procedures in Engineering of Production. Based on the challenge and in the industrial competitiveness that is stimulated by the continuous evolution of new technologies, that looks for the development and constant innovation of softwares applications. Being used of traditional techniques of examination of costs production to guarantee the quality of lucrativity and production, it was proceeded to the study and the understanding of production processes and the development of the computacional system, with the purpose of storing data and information, to hurry the real cost of production and to determine, with agility and precision, competitive sale prices. The main identified problem says respect to the questionable decisions in the subject of the formation of prices of sale of products, starting from its production, that are taken through data and historical information of costs of production collected informally and without specific approaches. In that way, it is justified the informatization and automation of the procedures of control of costings, as I benefit the manufacture companies, minimizing the examination effort and the propagation of mistakes in calculations for the prices composition . It is ended that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Amauri Hassui / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T09:41:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_MarcioAlexandreGoncalves_M.pdf: 7046476 bytes, checksum: c4116e182c526a80c0f1d8c7b1fe8d4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Sabe-se que atualmente a competitividade das empresas é fator de sobrevivência. Assim, a busca por redução de custo é um constante desafio. Um aspecto dentro dos processos de fabricação que atua diretamente nesse tocante é o desenvolvimento de melhores ferramentas de corte. Este trabalho trata da reafiação de ferramentas de corte denominadas bedame, que possuem custo mais elevado que as demais ferramentas. O material usinado foi o ferro fundido nodular, que possui propriedades mecânicas características e consumir menor energia em sua fusão. Nos processos de usinagem são utilizadas as mesmas ferramentas para os ferros fundidos nodulares e cinzentos, porém o primeiro é um material dúctil, diferente do segundo que é frágil. Isso implica em um comportamento diferente na usinagem, mostrando que cabe neste caso uma melhor adequação das ferramentas de corte. Após a utilização de bedames novos, estes foram reafiados em quatro modelos diferentes. Posteriormente foram testados quatro tipos de revestimento PVD. Na sequência avaliou-se também a influência da velocidade de corte, avanço e concentração do fluido de corte. O critério adotado para a determinação do fim da vida dos bedames foi à qualidade da face usinada. Os ensaios foram feitos em sequência, sendo que o passo seguinte utilizava apenas os melhores resultados do passo anterior. Os resultados indicaram que bedames com ângulo de saída positivo, revestidos com AlTiN, usinando com menores velocidades de corte e avanço e com maior concentração de óleo no fluido de corte, apresentaram vida mais longa. Por outro lado, o mesmo bedame, só que revestido com TiCN e operando nas mesmas condições, apresentou a melhor relação custo benefício dentre os bedames reafiados. Concluiu-se assim que é viável economicamente a reafiação dos bedames / Abstract: It is known nowadays that the companies' competitiveness is a survival factor. So, the search for cost reduction is a constant challenge. One aspect of the manufacturing processes that act directly in this aspect is the development of better cutting tools. This work is about cutting tools to part materials named parting tools that has higher costs than the other cutting tools. The machined material was the nodular cast iron that has specific mechanical characteristics and demands less energy in its melting. In the machining processes it is usually used the same cutting tools to machine nodular and grey cast iron, but the first is ductile different from the second that is fragile. This implies in a different machining behavior, showing that is possible in this case a better adequation of the cutting tools. After using the new parting tools, they were resharpened in four different models. After that were tried four different PVD coatings. In the sequence it was also evaluated the influence of the cutting speed, the feed and cutting fluid concentration. The criteria adopted to determine the end of the parting tool life was the quality of the machined surface. The tests were carried out in sequence in such a way that the next step used just the best results of the former step. The results indicated that parting tool with positive rake angle, coated with AlTiN, operating in lower cutting speeds and feeds and with higher cutting fluid concentration, presented longer tool life. On the other hand, the same parting tool, but coated with TiCN and operating at the same cutting conditions, presented a better cost benefit relation among the resharpened cutting tools. It can be concluded that is economically feasible the parting tools resharpening / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Les questions de l'usage de l'espace public sont devenues un sujet de recherche important dans le passé récent. La recherche plutôt opérative a mis en avant un ensemble convaincant de recommandations de dessin et de gestion pour améliorer l'usage des espaces, mas elle a à peine réussi à approcher la question comme un problème de politique et planification urbaines. Ce projet de recherche essaiera de contribuer pour le replacement du problème à une échelle urbaine, à travers la comparaison de trois processus de production de l'espace public à l'échelle urbaine, notamment Lyon, Louvain-la-Neuve et Lisbonne. Dans ces trois terrains, des différentes façons de prendre en compte l'usage ont été suivies et cette diversité fait partie de la problématique. Cette recherche adopte une approche inductive au sujet, cadrée par des lectures dans l'intersection de la sociologie de l'action et des études de politiques publiques, qui cherchent expliquer les résultats de l'action collective par des analyses approfondies de leurs processus. Cependant, elle maintient un repère géographique dans la mesure où elle est concernée aussi par la spatialisation des politiques publiques, c'est-à-dire les espaces produits par les différents processus et les dynamiques d'usage qu'y sont présentes / Issues of public space use have become a paramount subject of research in the recent past. While research of an overtly operative outlook has convincingly put forward design and management recommendations for improving the use of public spaces, it has struggled in approaching the issue as the scope of urban policy and planning. This research project aims at contributing to re-placing the problem at an urban scope. It will do so by comparing three very different policy and planning processes which, at an urban scale, explicitly put forward use as a main objective of public space production, namely Lyon, Louvain-la-Neuve and Lisbon. The diversity of what 'taking use into account' might mean in each case study is a part of the research problem. This research adopts an inductive approach to the subject, framed by readings in the intersection of pragmatic sociology, policy and economics/management studies which suggest the explanation of policy outcomes by in-depth analyses of the processes leading to them. However, it maintains a geographical standpoint as it is concerned, as well, with the “spatialization of public policies”, i.e. the spaces that are actually produced by said processes and the dynamics of use taking place therein

The thesis contains a theoretical analysis of the organizational structure of the company producing agricultular machinery. There is a description of the various company departments through the presentation of the product range to its main production processes. The practical part of the waste management solutions based on long-term statistics. Logistics and economic visions are presented in the final chapters.

Внедрение новой техники и технологии в производство предъявляет повышенные требования к персоналу, руководителям и подчиненным, работа которых требует не только овладения новыми технологическими знаниями, но и более совершенными методами управления людьми. Целью магистерской диссертации является изучение особенностей развития кадрового потенциала АО «Газпром газораспределение Север», разработка рекомендаций и комплекса мероприятий по совершенствованию кадрового потенциала предприятия в условиях автоматизации производства. Для решения поставленных задач использовались теоретические (анализ и синтез, моделирование, классификация, обобщение) и эмпирические (анализ документации и результатов деятельности, сравнение, эксперимент) методы. Разработаны новые методы и способы увеличения роста кадрового потенциала газотранспортного предприятия. Проект разработки методов и способа совершенствования системы управления и развития кадрового потенциала в условиях цифровизации предприятия является практически значимым результатом работы. / The introduction of new equipment and technology into production places increased demands on personnel, managers and subordinates, whose work requires not only mastering new technological knowledge, but also more advanced methods of managing people. The purpose of the master's thesis is to study the features of the development of the personnel potential of JSC "Gazprom gas distribution Sever", as well as the development of recommendations and a set of measures to improve the personnel potential of the enterprise in terms of production automation. To solve the tasks set, theoretical (analysis and synthesis, modeling, classification, generalization) and empirical (documentation and performance results analysis, comparison, experiment) methods were used. New methods and approaches have been developed to increase the growth of the personnel potential of a gas transportation company. The project of developing methods and ways for improving the management system and developing human resources under context of enterprise digitalization is a practically significant result of the work.

Актуальность темы заключается в том, что нефтяная промышленность является одной из самых важных отраслей экономики Российской Федерации. Добыча нефти является одним из самых прибыльных бизнесов, такая зависимость несет за собой определенные риски. Цифровизация рабочих процессов влияет не только на повышение эффективности, но и на обеспечение высокого уровня безопасности. Качественная же система цифровизации процессов позволяет эффективно минимизировать риски, связанные с реализацией проектов, а также выстроить систему предупреждения инцидентов, охватывающую все стадии производственного процесса, что положительно влияет на эффективность процессов и, как следствие, обеспечивает рост экономических показателей. Целью работы является разработка системы цифровизации производственных процессов нефтегазовой отрасли для предотвращения аварий и оптимизации основных видов работ в нефтегазовой сфере. Объектом исследования являются производственные процессы нефтегазовых компаний. Предметом исследования является использование IT технологий для оптимизации производственных процессов и предотвращения аварий. Новизна данной работы заключается в нахождении математического, алгоритмического и программного решения задачи оптимизации производственных процессов ВИНК и предотвращения аварий, позволяющего сократить время на процесс строительства нефтяных скважин и снизить вероятность нарушения непрерывности работ. Практическая значимость работы заключается в разработке информационной системы, которая может быть использована нефтедобывающими компаниями, что может помочь другим компаниям улучшить свои производственные процессы и повысить эффективность своего бизнеса. / The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that the oil industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy of the Russian Federation. Oil production is one of the most profitable businesses; such dependence carries with it certain risks. Digitalization of work processes not only improves efficiency, but also ensures a high level of safety. A high-quality process digitalization system allows you to effectively minimize the risks associated with project implementation, as well as build an incident prevention system that covers all stages of the production process, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of processes and, as a result, ensures an increase in economic indicators. The goal of the work is to develop a system for digitalization of production processes in the oil and gas industry to prevent accidents and optimize the main types of work in the oil and gas sector. The object of the study is the production processes of oil and gas companies. The subject of the study is the use of IT technologies to optimize production processes and prevent accidents. The novelty of this work lies in finding a mathematical, algorithmic and software solution to the problem of optimizing the production processes of vertically integrated oil companies and preventing accidents, which allows reducing the time for the construction of oil wells and reducing the likelihood of disruption to the continuity of work. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of an information system that can be used by oil producing companies, which can help other companies improve their production processes and increase the efficiency of their business.

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como base en el análisis del proceso productivo de frutos confitados en la empresa Industrias Alimentarias SAC, ubicada en Lima, la cual muestra una demanda no atendida. Basado en esto, se realizó un diagnóstico de la situación actual del proceso productivo de frutos confitados, logrando identificar los problemas que afectan a lo largo del proceso productivo, para posteriormente proponer mejoras. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis económico-financiero de la propuesta para así evaluar su viabilidad. La propuesta se planteó para el proceso productivo de frutos confitados; para diagnosticar el proceso productivo de la empresa, se aplicó la ingeniería de métodos, donde se determinó una demanda insatisfecha de 568,83 toneladas para el año 2022, así mismo actividades improductivas del 15% y un cuello de botella de 24,43 minutos dentro del proceso de producción. Se propone realizar un Plan de Requerimiento de Materiales, mejorar la gestión de compras, realizar proyecciones de ventas y además un balance de línea de la producción. Al implementarse estas mejoras propuestas, se redujo la demanda insatisfecha del 26%, hubo una reducción en los tiempos de proceso, así como en las actividades improductivas en un 12%, Asimismo, la evaluación económicafinanciera señaló que la propuesta es rentable, porque presenta una Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) de 786,27% y una relación de beneficio/costo de S/ 2,12. / The present research work is based on the analysis of the production system of candied fruits in the company Industrias Alimentarias SAC located in the city of Lima, which presents an unmet demand. Taking this into account, a diagnosis of the current situation of the production process of candied fruits was carried out, managing to identify the problems that affect throughout the production process, to subsequently propose improvements. Finally, an economic analysis of the proposal was carried out to evaluate its viability. The proposal was proposed for the production system of candied fruits, to diagnose the company's production system, method engineering was applied, where an unsatisfied demand of 568,83 tons was determined, equivalent to 56 882 finished units represented by 26%. by 2022, likewise unproductive activities of 15% and a bottleneck of 24,43 minutes within the production process. It is proposed to make a material requirement plan, improve purchasing management, make sales projections and also a production line balance. With the application of the improvements, the process time was reduced, as well as the percentage of unproductive activities by 12%, an increase in efficiency of 24%, its demand margin increased by 26%. Likewise, the economic evaluation determined that the proposal is profitable because it has an Internal Rate of Return of 786,27% and a benefit/cost ratio of S/ 2,12.

La production et la maintenance de contenus géographiques se fait souvent grâce à la mise en commun de contributions diverses. La mise à jour des données de l'IGN s'appuie ainsi sur l'intégration de données de partenaires ou la prise en compte d'alertes d'évolution du terrain. C'est également le cas des contenus libres produits par des projets communautaires comme OpenStreetMap. Un aspect problématique est la gestion de la qualité d'un contenu géographique collaboratif, particulièrement de leur cohérence afin de permettre que des prises de décision s'appuient dessus. Cette cohérence est liée à l'homogénéité de la représentation de l'espace, ainsi qu'à la préservation d'informations importantes non explicites mais qui peuvent être retrouvées sur les entités décrites grâce à leurs géométries. Ce travail de thèse propose un modèle baptisé Coalla pour l'édition collaborative d'un contenu géographique avec gestion de la cohérence. Ce modèle comporte trois contributions : 1) l'identification et la définition des éléments que doit comporter un vocabulaire formel visant à faciliter la construction d'un contenu géographique collaboratif ; 2) un processus d'aide à la construction à la volée d'un vocabulaire formel à partir de spécifications formelles des bases de données IGN et à des vocabulaires collaboratifs existants, et 3) une stratégie d'évaluation et de réconciliation des contributions afin de les intégrer d'une façon cohérente au contenu central. Notre modèle Coalla a été implémenté dans un prototype / Geographic content production and maintenance is often done through a combination of various contributions. Thus, updating IGN geographic data relies on integrating data from partners or by involving field change alerts. This is also the case of free content produced by community projects such as OpenStreetMap. An important problem is quality management of collaboratively produced geographic content, in particular consistency management. This allows for decision-making which is based on this content. Data consistency depends on how homogenous space representation is. Likewise, it depends on preserving important non-explicit information that can be found on the geometries of the entities described in the content. This Thesis proposes a model baptized Coalla for collaborative editing of geographic content with consistency management. The model has three contributions: 1) identifying and defining elements that should be included in a formal vocabulary to facilitate the construction of collaborative geographic content, 2) user assistance process to help users build on the fly a formal vocabulary extracted from formal IGN databases specifications and existing collaborative vocabularies, and 3) a strategy for evaluating and reconciling user contributions in order to coherently integrate them into the content. Our model Coalla has been implemented in a prototype

To make a difference among the energy intensive process industries, this dissertation addresses production planning and supply chain planning problems related to industrial energy management issues. The energy issue is turning more and more important from different angles, involving price as well as environmental problems due to climate change leading to political pressure on all energy users. The process industry sector is one of the largest users of energy, and thus important to analyse. Process industries are also capital intensive and operate on large and expensive process equipment, making it imperative to plan their production well in order to reach preferable capacity utilisation. Therefore this dissertation strives to locate the most important energy management issues for the long term profitability of process industries, and investigates the  symbiotic effects of including energy issues in production and supply chain planning. Three different studies at three case companies are carried out, analysed, and presented in five papers. The cases represent the process industry sectors: chemicals, pulp, and steel. Both qualitative case study methodologies as well as quantitative mathematical modelling and optimisation approaches have been practiced. The research questions are analysed from both an energy system and from a production process point of view, separately as well as combined. Energy is somewhat considered to be the main workforce for process industries and this dissertation exemplifies some of its most important dimensions in this context. Several prerequisites for putting energy management on the strategic agenda are located in a specialty chemical industry where the importance of introducing a strategic perspective on energy, the way energy is used, and the possibilities of increasing alternative revenue from utilising by- and/or co-products differently are pinpointed. Approaches for including energy issues in planning processes are also suggested in terms of a MILP model for the entire supply chain of a pulp company, including decisions on purchase and transportation of raw maerials, production allocation, energy mix, and distribution. Another example is presented based on the perspectives of economics of scale and lot sizing through economic order quantity principles in a steel company. By using real company data, energy smart approaches in planning and scheduling are developed with respect to the most important intersections between the production processes and their supporting energy system. The accumulated resource intensity and embedded energy could, and probably should, hence be more fairly  reflected in the product price. The research finally shows some possible impact with including energy issues in a production and supply chain planning model. By planning differently, production prioritisations can be done, and it is not only possible without any large investments, but also prosperous with savings on both energy and money within reach. To conclude, planning of production and supply chain has either a direct or an indirect impact on the energy cost-effectiveness of a company. This dissertation argues that such impact also exists in its mutual form, and is very important when the energy issues are large enough, as they often are in the energy intensive process industry sector. Decision makers should thus beware of the short end of the stick that might be  devastating in the long run, but also aware of all the possibilities that can bring success and prosperity when the future begins.

O presente trabalho investiga os processos de produção do mobiliário urbano, considerando todas as suas etapas e procedimentos, desde as mais prematuras, que precedem o projecto e desenvolvimento, às de fim de vida, de recolha e reutilização ou reciclagem. Tem como fim aferir quais os princípios e procedimentos que permitirão o maior contributo destes equipamentos e artefactos para a sustentabilidade do espaço público e da cidade de que fazem parte. Cruza os conceitos contemporâneos de sustentabilidade, segundo uma perspectiva abrangente e efectivamente multidimensional, com uma análise da evolução do contexto de inserção do mobiliário urbano, que é a cidade e o seu espaço público, sobretudo segundo a sua vertente de desempenho e uso para com os cidadãos e a sociedade. Para tal sistematiza os principais desafios que estão actualmente lançados a esse contexto de inserção. Efectua também uma análise dos processos e atribuições contemporâneos, para o que apresenta um conjunto de casos de mobiliário urbano implantado recentemente em Lisboa, a par de outros que se julgaram pertinentes e importantes para a devida contextualização e confrontação. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir da observação dos equipamentos no seu local de implantação, assim como das entrevistas àqueles que foram os principais intervenientes do processo em questão e da documentação afim por eles fornecida. É ainda efectuada uma avaliação de teste de alguns dos casos analisados. Este enquadramento, em conjunto com a elencagem do que poderão ser os melhores e maiores contributos do mobiliário urbano para a solução dos referidos desafios, permite também uma consolidação do seu conceito, dos princípios, processos, atribuições e procedimentos, no sentido de corresponder devidamente às necessidades e expectativas dos utilizadores do espaço público. Finalmente, evidencia a importância do mobiliário urbano e a necessidade da sua diversificação para o reforço da natureza do espaço público e do seu papel no contexto da cidade e da sociedade. Meio de partilha e consequente poupança de recursos, assim como de equilíbrio entre a globalização e a localidade, para além de propiciar o encontro, a socialização e o reforço da identidade social, o mobiliário urbano poderá dar um contributo polifacetado e multidimensional. Palavras-chave: Mobiliário urbano, processos de produção, sustentabilidade, espaço público, design urbano / This work investigates the production processes of street furniture, considering all steps and procedures, from the most premature, prior to the design and development, to end-of-life, disposal and recycling or reuse. It aims to assess the principles and procedures that will allow the best contribution of these artifacts to public space and city sustainability. The study crosses contemporary concepts of sustainability, according to a comprehensive multidimensional perspective, with an analysis of street furniture’s evolution within its context, the city and its public space, considering particularly its performance and usage to citizens and society. In this scope, the study determines what main challenges may be considered nowadays to the referring context, the public space and the city. It also carries out an analysis of contemporary processes and features, presenting a number of cases of street furniture recently introduced in Lisbon, along with others considered relevant and important for comparison and better contextualization. Data was collected from the observation of the artifacts in their place, as well as from interviews to those who were key players in those procedures, together with related documentation provided by them. An evaluation test of some of the cases was also made. This framework, together with a systematization of what may be the main street furniture’s contributions to the referred biggest challenges, also allows a consolidation of the concept, principles, processes, tasks and procedures for street furniture, in order to respond appropriately to the needs and expectations of public space users. Finally, this study highlights the importance of street furniture and the need for diversification in order to strengthen the nature of public space, as well as its role, to the city and society. Hence, as a mean to share and (consequently) save resources, as well as to balance globalization and locality, besides socialization and social identity strengthening, street furniture can contribute to answer today’s challenges in a multipurpose and multidimensional way. / El presente trabajo investiga los procesos de producción del mobiliario urbano, considerando todas sus etapas y procedimientos, desde las más tempranas, que preceden al proyecto y su desarrollo, hasta las del final de vida útil, recogida y reutilización o reciclado. Su finalidad es evaluar cuáles son los principios y procedimientos que permitirán una mayor contribución de estos equipamientos y artefactos a la sostenibilidad del espacio público y de la ciudad de los que forman parte. Se combinan en él los conceptos contemporáneos de sostenibilidad, según una perspectiva incluyente y efectivamente multidimensional, con un análisis de la evolución del contexto de inserción del mobiliario urbano, que es la ciudad y su espacio público, sobre todo según su vertiente de funcionalidad y uso para con los ciudadanos y la sociedad. Para ello, sistematiza los principales retos que se plantean actualmente en ese contexto de inserción. Se efectúa también un análisis de los procesos y atribuciones contemporáneos, y se presenta para ello un conjunto de casos de mobiliario urbano implantado recientemente en Lisboa, así como otros que se consideran pertinentes e importantes para la debida contextualización y cotejo. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de la observación de los equipamientos en su lugar de implantación, así como de las entrevistas a los principales intervinientes del proceso en cuestión y de la documentación correspondiente facilitada por estos. Se realiza además una evaluación de prueba de algunos de los casos analizados. Este marco, junto con el listado de lo que cabe considerar las mejores y principales contribuciones del mobiliario urbano a la solución de los mencionados retos, permite también consolidar su concepto, los principios, procesos, atribuciones y procedimientos, en el sentido de corresponder adecuadamente a las necesidades y expectativas de los usuarios del espacio público. Finalmente, se demuestra la importancia del mobiliario urbano y la necesidad de su diversificación para reforzar la naturaleza del espacio público y su papel en el contexto de la ciudad y la sociedad. Como medio para compartir y en consecuencia preservar recursos, y también para lograr el equilibrio entre globalización y localidad, además de propiciar el encuentro, la socialización y consolidar la identidad social, el mobiliario urbano podrá brindar una aportación polifacética y multidimensional