Definido em muitos estudos como uma tentativa frustrada de organização política na década de 1860 do Império do Brasil, nesta tese o Partido Progressista é interpretado como resultado de inovadoras práticas eleitorais e de articulação parlamentar. A pesquisa abrangeu a experiência de sua formação, entre a polêmica bancária de 1857 e a queda do primeiro gabinete de Zacarias de Góis e Vasconcelos, em maio de 1862. A análise dos discursos políticos desse período revela profundas transformações no debate partidário e na compreensão do funcionamento do sistema representativo brasileiro, um rearranjo que, a despeito de surpreender os coevos, foi capaz de manter a esfera do Parlamento distanciada daqueles que os haviam elegido. / In this dissertation contrary to most historiography, where the \"Liga Progressista\" is usually mentioned as a 1860s failured attempt of a new political organization we analyze the Partido Progressista as a direct result of innovative electoral practices and an important offspring of parliamentary reconfigurations. The research encompasses a period of five years, starting with the discussions regarding the new financial policy, in 1857, until the downfall of Zacarias de Goes e Vasconcelos first cabinet, in 1862. Discourses uttered in the period reveal the depth of disputes regarding not only transformations in the political-parties scenery at the time, but also parliamentary debates concerning the understanding of the Brazilian representative system itself. A discussion, with clear consequences, that despite astonishing many contemporaries, was, at the end, able to secure a sequestered sphere for the Legislative Power, maintaining its historical distance from those entitled to choose their representatives.

Long linear earthwork assets constructed in high-plasticity overconsolidated clay are known to be deteriorating due to long-term effects of wetting and drying stress cycles as a result of seasonal weather patterns. These stress cycles can lead to shallow first-time failures due to the mobilisation of post-peak strength and progressive failure. Design requirements of new earthworks and management of existing assets requires improved understanding of this critical mechanism; seasonal ratcheting. Incremental model development and validation to allow investigation of multiple inter-related strength deterioration mechanisms of cut slope behaviour in high-plasticity overconsolidated clay slopes has been presented. Initially, the mechanism of seasonal ratcheting has been considered independently and a numerical modelling approach considering unsaturated behaviour has been validated against physical modelling data. Using the validated model, the effects of slope geometry, design parameter selection and design life have been considered. Following this, an approach to allow undrained unloading of soil, stress relief, excess pore water pressure dissipation, seasonal ratcheting and progressive failure with wetting and drying boundary conditions has been considered. Hydrogeological property deterioration and the potential implications of climate change have been explored using the model. In both cases the serviceable life of cut slopes is shown to reduce significantly in the numerical analyses. Finally, a model capable of capturing hydrogeological behaviour of a real cut slope in London Clay has been developed and validated against long-term field monitored data. Using the validated model, a climate change impact assessment for the case study slope has been performed. The numerical analyses performed have indicated that seasonal ratcheting can explain shallow first-time failures in high-plasticity overconsolidated clay slopes and that the rate of deterioration of such assets will accelerate if current climate change projections are representative of future weather.

This dissertation explores the boundaries of industrial unionism within and outside of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in the struggle over what direction the American labor movement would take in the Progressive Era. The experiences of Iowa button worker and labor activist Pearl McGill in two nationally significant strikes between 1911 and 1912 enable us to see more clearly the nuances and ambiguities of these boundaries as industrial workers sought to build more inclusive unions. McGill’s advocacy for both the AFL-affiliated and industrially organized button workers in Iowa and the campaign of textile workers in Lawrence, Massachusetts, assisted by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), to organize on an industrial basis, shine a light on the conundrum faced by AFL leaders. The AFL and its craft union affiliates held fast to an anachronistic approach to organizing in an environment of rapid and technologically transformative industrialization in which the labor of women and ethnic and racial minorities was critical. The AFL’s early federal labor unions, for which Iowa button workers provide a case study, exemplify the strength of the impulse for unionization among mass production workers and show how AFL leaders fostered an institutional response to the growing demand for industrial unions while ensuring that craft unionists continued to dominate the AFL. The Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) walked a fine, and sometimes precarious, line between its loyalty to the AFL and the demand of working women—notably in the garment and textile industries—for new, inclusive forms of organization. The strikes of women button workers and Lawrence textile workers illustrate the predicament faced by WTUL leaders. Pearl McGill’s short but prominent career as a youthful leader of the Muscatine button workers, a spokesperson for the WTUL, an advocate for women strikers, and a prominent activist with the IWW in Lawrence illuminates these tensions and the appeal of industrial unionism for young working women. This study elevates the importance of Progressive Era federal labor unions as a bridge connecting the local assemblies of the Knights of Labor of the 1880s to the industrial unions that would emerge in the 1930s. It examines the institutional history of the AFL and its bitter struggle with the Knights and establishes the link between the local assemblies of the Knights and the first generation of AFL-affiliated federal labor unions that provided a precedent for later industrial unions. The arc of industrial unionism in the United States can thus be seen as a long, interconnected movement rooted in the principles of general unionism embodied by the Knights and animated by the vital impulse for industrial unionism carried forward by industrially-organized workers of which Iowa button workers provide an important example.

Studiens syfte var att skriva tre låtar inom EDM-genren med fokus på arrangering och mixning av baselement inom spannet 30–260 Hz. Metod: Med hjälp av olika analystekniker begrundades tre stycken referenslåtar i genrerna Drum and Bass, Glitch Hop och Progressiv house. Utifrån analyserna av dessa utformades tre stycken arrangeringsmodeller, vilka utgjorde grunden för mina tre produktioner. En jämförelse mellan referenslåtarna och produktionerna gjordes för att belysa skillnader och likheter. För att uppnå mina ideal av ett väl mixat basregister framkom det att det är av extra stor vikt att ta hänsyn till arrangering av baselement gentemot mixning av dessa. I mixstadiet visade det sig att verktyg såsom equalizer, kompressorer, expanders, distar och gaters m.m. hade stor betydelse för basregistrets kvalitet. Diskussion/slutsats: Då låtarna är i olika genrer och tempon kan riktlinjer underlätta mixstadiet såsom att snabba tempon inte är att föredra i kombination med en bastrumma med mycket subbas. Likaså att låtar med lägre tempo kan gynnas av att använda sidechain-kompression som ett rytmiskt verktyg. Att använda dynamiska verktyg såsom expanders kan skapa luft i mixen och motverka att den blir platt. Dist kan vara en bra metod för att ge basfrekvenser attityd och framhäva dem i mixen.

Constant time delay (CTD) and progressive time delay (PTD) are both evidence-based practices used to teach students with intellectual disability (ID). The prompt delay strategies have been used for instruction with academics, social, vocational, and communication skills. There is limited research regarding the differential effectiveness of the time delay variations for teaching academic content to students with ID. The present study compares the effects of CTD and PTD in the acquisition of academic content with four students with ID. An adapted alternating treatments design was used to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of the two procedures. Generalization was assessed across settings, participants, and materials. Results indicated that both strategies were effective but PTD was more efficient in regards to number of errors and average time to criterion.

This thesis reviews algorithms that have been developed for classifying lidar data and identifies a progressive morphological filter for evaluation and improvement. Two potential weaknesses evaluated include the row-column order bias and grid orientation bias. Four different row-column orderings were developed to test for bias associated with the order choice. Moreover, a method rotating the filter grid to a series of angles was developed for testing bias associated with grid orientation. Measures of success of the improvements include Type I and II errors, where results are compared with a hand-produced "truth" dataset. Two datasets, one urban, the other rural, were selected for testing the modified filters. The results are presented and discussed for each algorithm. It was found that the four row-column orders all classified the dataset exactly the same. After the erosion and dilation functions were completed, the same surface profiles and elevations were produced regardless of row-column ordering. The filter windows used by the algorithm were found to create a rectangular area where the minimum and maximum values within that area were always selected. Therefore, it was found that the row-column orders did not create a bias in the classification. However, grid orientation was found to greatly affect results. Misclassification problems occurred at ridgelines, mounds, and along roads with ditches and steep slopes running along them. Grid angles running parallel to these objects were found to avoid these errors. Buildings also created errors, but were minimized with grid angles crossing them at 45 degrees. The selected angle directions significantly affect the classification results in all cases. Therefore, the grid orientation bias was verified. Two new methods of combining the results from the various angles have been developed. The first method used the best two classifying angles to combine the results. Best results were found in datasets with terrain objects positioned in similar directions for this method. The Multiple Angle method used all of the angle classifications to combine the results. This method performed best on datasets with terrain objects oriented in numerous directions. More accurate terrain models and better overall classification results have been generated using these methods.

Au cours de leur durée de vie, les bâtiments importants sont susceptibles d’être soumis à des charges accidentelles, telles que des explosions ou des impacts. Evaluer leur stabilité vis-à-vis de charges traditionnelles statiques et sismiques ne suffit pas. Leurs performances structurelles liées à des scénarios d’effondrement progressif doivent également être examinées.L’étude de l’effondrement progressif est un problème dynamique. Malheureusement, les expériences sur le comportement des structures de génie civil dans des conditions dynamiques sont rares car difficiles à réaliser. Dans cette étude, des sous-assemblages poteaux-poutres en béton armé ont été testés sous chargement dynamique. Le chargement a consisté à placer une masse importante jouant le rôle de « charge morte » sur la colonne centrale d’un sous-assemblage simulant la liaison de 3 poteaux avec 2 poutres. Une pièce fusible jouant le rôle de support sous la colonne centrale est brutalement déverrouillée pour simuler la perte de portance soudaine de cette colonne. Le comportement dynamique et les dommages locaux causés à la structure ont été mesurés et étudiés. Le bâti de chargement et les dispositifs de support ont été conçus spécialement pour cet essai. La charge morte supérieure peut être modifiée et appliquées à différents spécimens. Les supports des colonnes latérales ont une rigidité horizontale contrôlée et sont conçus pour limiter la rotation de ces mêmes colonnes. Ainsi, les conditions aux limites des essais réalisés sont supposées être représentatives de situations réalistes. Au cours des essais, un laser a été installé sous la colonne centrale pour mesurer la vitesse de chute. Une caméra numérique rapide a été utilisée pour visualiser l'ensemble du processus de ruine du sous-assemblage. Les images obtenues de la caméra ont été traitées par une technique de DIC (Digital Image Correlation) afin d’obtenir le champs de déplacement et les déformations correspondantes. Grâce à ces mesures dynamiques, des données importantes ont été produites et enregistrées, notamment la période de vibration, la fréquence, la vitesse et le déplacement des différents échantillons testés. Sur la base de ces données expérimentales, l’effet de la section et de la portée des poutres sur la réponse dynamique et sur le mode d’endommagement des sous-assemblages a été discuté. Cette étude montre que les résultats expérimentaux obtenus, en termes de mécanismes structurels, de schéma de fissuration, de mode d'endommagement, peuvent être utilisés pour analyser le comportement de sous-assemblages de structures réelles.De plus, une modélisation numérique des essais a été réalisée pour simuler le processus de ruine de la structure. Une technique appelée «connecteur» a été proposée dans le modèle aux éléments finis du sous-assemblage poteaux-poutres. Cette technique consiste à ajouter une série de ressorts pour étudier le rôle de l’interaction entre les armatures en acier et le béton. Un modèle d'endommagement anisotrope, appelé modèle DFH-KST, a été utilisé pour caractériser l'évolution de la fissuration et l’endommagement du béton.La polyvalence de la méthodologie adoptée permet d’évaluer l’influence du comportement non-linéaire du matériau et celle de la géométrie de la structure testée. Les études numériques de calibration et de validation montrent que le modèle proposé peut reproduire le comportement et la résistance de la structure avec succès. / Important buildings may be subjected to accidental loads, such as explosions or impacts, during their service life. It is, therefore, necessary not only to evaluate their safety under traditional loads and seismic action. The structural performances related to progressive collapse scenarios need to be investigated.The study of progressive collapse involves a dynamic problem, but unfortunately dynamic experiments on the behavior of the civil engineering structures under dynamic conditions are rare. In this research, beam-column sub-assemblage specimens were tested under dynamic load. The loading program consists in placing a large mass, as a dead load, on the top of the middle column of a beam-column sub-assemblage. The support under the middle column is suddenly removed for simulating the sudden loss of a column and the damage that will result in the structure. The loading system and supporting devices were designed specially for this test. The upper dead load can be changed by increasing or decreasing the applied masse to different specimens. The supports for the side column have a controlled rigidity in the horizontal direction and are designed to restrain rotation of the side-column. Thus, the boundary conditions are supposed to be similar to real situations. During the test, a laser was installed under the middle pillar to collect the falling velocity and a high-speed camera was used to visualize the whole process of the component failure process. The images obtained from the camera were processed by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technology to get the corresponding displacements and strain fields. By these means, all the information of the structure under dynamic loading was captured and recorded, such as the period of vibration, frequency, velocity and displacement. Based on these experimental data, the effect of section and span of the specimen on dynamic response and damage mode was discussed. Time history of resistance force curves was produced. Compared with previous published quasi-static experiments in terms of structural mechanisms, crack patterns, damage mode, it shows the experimental results from beam-column assemblage with the designed support device can be used to analyze the behavior of the local structure in the entire frame.In addition, numerical simulations were developed for simulating the failing process of the structure. A technique named “connector” was proposed into beam-column finite element model by adding a series of springs to investigate the interaction between steel rebars and concrete. A concrete damage model, named DFH-KST model, was used to characterize the development of concrete crack and damage. The versatility of the adopted methodology allows assessing the influence of the material nonlinear behavior and the geometry of the tested structure. Calibration and validation studies show that the proposed model can successfully represent the resistance of structure and behavior. Furthermore, the transverse component effect on the resistance to progressive collapse was discussed.

L'objectif de la thèse est d'établir une physionomie du maximalisme musical présent dans le répertoire de la popular music, plus précisément celui du Rock Progressif au travers l'exemple de King Crimson. Je me suis appliqué, pour ce faire, à identifier quels sont les éléments de l'idiome rock soumis au processus de maximalisation, et quels éléments, présents dans le langage du Rock Progressif, sont empruntés à des genres musicaux extérieurs à la popular music.La thèse comporte deux grands chapitres. Le premier explore les techniques d’écriture et l’esthétique de la popular music, en s’intéressant de près aux questions du langage musical, de l’improvisation et du sens, dans un corpus allant du blues à la pop music. La seconde partie détaille la manière dont se manifeste le processus de maximalisation des structures musicales (harmonie, rythme, forme) dans le répertoire du Rock Progressif anglais. L’exemple de King Crimson est de ce fait particulièrement remarquable dans la mesure où la démarche des musiciens était de combiner l’énergie du rock afro-américain à un vocabulaire musical issu de la musique savante occidentale du début du XXe siècle. Ainsi sont utilisées des structures de hauteurs faisant intervenir une division de l’octave par l’intervalle de triton, qui engendre, entre autres, l’échelle octotonique. L’analyse de la composition « Larks’ Tongues in Aspic » montre comment se combinent des structures de natures différentes, telles que des cycles d’intervalles, des tétracordes, l’échelle octotonique et l’échelle diatonique. / He goal of the thesis is to establish a physiognomy of musical maximalism in popular music’s repertoire, specifically that of the Progressive Rock through the example of King Crimson. I applied, for that purpose, to identify what were the elements of the rock idiom subjected to the process of maximalization, and what features of the Progressive Rock’s language were borrowed from outside musical genres.The thesis comprises two major chapters. The first explores the writing techniques and the aesthetics of popular music, as interested in issues of musical language, improvisation and meaning, in a corpus ranging from blues to pop music. The second part details the way in which occurs the process of maximalization of musical structures (harmony, rhythm, form) in the English Progressive Rock’s repertoire. The example of King Crimson is noteworthy insofar as the approach of musicians was to combine the energy of African-American rock to a musical vocabulary derived from early 20th century Western art music. So are used pitch structures involving a division of the octave at the interval-class 6, which produces, among other things, the octatonic scale. The analysis of “Larks' Tongues in Aspic” shows how are combined different pitch structures, such as interval cycles, tetrachords, the octatonic scale and the diatonic scale.

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My study has a dual purpose; 1. To examine the explanatory power of educational theory as a means of illuminating a particular educational practice. 2. To examine the potential for practice to provide a critique of educational theory and thus contribute towards the generation of new theoretical perspectives. I do this by focusing on the possible failure of a particular opposition movement, to wit the progressive movement in Victorian secondary schools 1966-1976. I investigate the limits and possibilities of such a movement with reference to ideal conditions. There are 3 phases to this investigation: 1. a descriptive account of the progressive movement which attempts to establish its status as an oppositional movement and its context. 2. an internal analysis of its themes, intentions and practices according to the criteria of consistency and coherence . 3. an external analysis which takes up the inconsistencies or contradictions as problems in need of interpretation. Selected educational theories and studies, such as those developed by Bowles and Gintis, Sharp, Willis and Hinkson will be examined both for their power to account for the particular contradictions that emerged and their ability to illuminate broader processes of constraint which work both in and through schooling. The purpose of such an analysis is to heighten our understanding of contemporary educational theory and practice through a sharper perspective of the immediate past, drawing on, and learning from, both the mistakes and insights of the past. I offer in conclusion, some provisional remarks for use in similar situations in the future. This paper is not an empirical study or a case study, but a form of conceptual analysis using texts and theoretical perspectives.