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This essay examines how two daily newspapers, the Swedish Dagens Nyheter and the Russian Izvestia retell and report on the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study is based on the theory of propaganda by Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O`Donnell and the media system theory by Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini which is applied to fifty randomly selected articles from a six-week period. The purpose of this study is to see how further reporting differs between the two newspapers that operate in two different media systems and whether propaganda is visible in the newspapers reporting. The survey is carried out by studying how often Dagens Nyheter and Izvestia report on the Russian- Ukrainian war and if propaganda techniques are used in the published articles. Furthermore, the terms used to describe the war in the two newspapers are also examined.  The study is based on a quantitative content analysis where articles were collected over a six-week period as empirical material. The articles were coded in a code-scheme and the results are presented in three diagrams and one chart.The study resulted in marked differences between Dagens Nyheter and Izvestia`s reporting where propaganda is strongly prominent in the Russian newspapers Izvestia and non-existent in the Swedish Dagens Nyheter. Additional results that this study promotes are that the newspapers construct, report and describe the war in two completely different ways. / Denna studie undersöker hur två dagstidningar konstruerar och rapporterar om det Rysk-ukrainska kriget ur ett propagandateoretiskt perspektiv samt ur ett mediesystemteoretiskt perspektiv. Tidningarna som undersöks är den svenska tidningen Dagens Nyheter och den ryska tidningen Izvestia. Syftet med denna undersökning är att se hur vidare rapporteringen skiljer sig åt mellan de två tidningarna som verkar i två olika mediesystem samt om propaganda är synlig i de två tidningarnas rapportering. Undersökningen sker genom att studera hur ofta Dagens Nyheter respektive Izvestia rapporterar om det Rysk-ukrainska kriget samt om propagandatekniker används i de publicerade artiklarna. Vidare undersöks vilka termer som används för att beskriva kriget i de båda tidningarna.  Studien grundar sig i en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där artiklar samlats in under en sexveckorsperiod som empiriskt material. Artiklarna kodas i ett kodschema och resultatet presenteras i tre diagram och en tabell.Studien resulterade i markanta skillnader mellan Dagens Nyheters och Izvestias rapportering, där propaganda är starkt framträdande i den ryska tidningen Izvestia och obefintlig i Dagens Nyheter. Ytterligare resultat som studien visar är att tidningarna konstruerar, rapporterar och beskriver kriget på två skilda sätt.

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The thesis identifies and further examines the role of propaganda in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, more specifically in the period around the annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation in March 2014. Critical discourse analysis is employed in order to analyse selected speeches of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, relevant to the topic and in the period under investigation. The first chapter introduces a theoretical framework on propaganda in international relations, its definition, history and research. The methodology is described in detail in the second chapter. The historical context of the conflict is provided at the beginning of the empirical part of the thesis closely followed by a detailed analysis of the selected speeches. The findings support the prediction that there is a presence of propaganda identified within the speeches of both political leaders, thus in the conflict itself, and offer valuable insights into the hidden meanings and possible motives behind its use. The study advances our understanding of the phenomenon and helps us to expose and confront propaganda further.

This thesis concentrates on 1938 radio broadcast Pravda vítězí (The Truth Will Win), broadcasted from Vienna in both Czech and Slovak languages in the two months preceding and following the signing of the Munich agreement. Its theoretical part follows the genesis of the two broadcasts, the personalities involved and also the connection between Pravda vítězí and Vlajka, the infamous Czech fascist movement. In the practical part, Nazi propaganda themes are being analyzed in both broadcasts during October 1938. Main focus is on the campaigns against president Beneš, against freemasonry and bolshevism, pro-German campaign and antisemitism. In the Slovak language broadcast, anti-Czech campaign was a significant part of the Nazi propaganda, along with the support of Slovak separatism. Comparison of the ideological focus and goals of both broadcasts is supported by numerous quotations. In the final part, the thesis offers a brief look at the reactions to the broadcasts. Also, it attempts to evaluate the broadcasts' possible effects on both Czech and Slovak audience in the light of its primary goal - the disintegration of Czechoslovakia.

Der Zweite Weltkrieg war von neuer Technik und damit auch von neuen Möglichkeiten in der Propaganda und Psychologischen Kriegsführung geprägt. Speziell in der britisch-deutschen Auseinandersetzung wurden aus den Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkrieges neue Konzepte entwickelt, mit denen eine Manipulierung feindlicher Soldaten und Zivilisten ermöglicht werden sollte. Die Dissertation setzt sich mit den Mentalitäts- bzw. Charaktereinschätzungen der Deutschen aus Sicht der britischen Akteure auseinander, die für eine effiziente Propaganda und Psychologische Kriegsführung gegen das sogenannte ''Dritte Reich'' sorgen sollten. Die oftmals präzisen Einschätzungen der Propagandisten, teils auch unter Verwendung psychologischer und psychiatrischer Dossiers hatten jedoch nicht immer den gewünschten Effekt. Auch aus diesem Grund wurden neue Strategien im Rahmen der sogenannten ''schwarzen'' Propaganda entwickelt, die den Gegner in den Grundfesten seiner Seele erschüttern sollte (und zu Teilerfolgen führte). Auch wenn die Briten auf beeindruckende Art und Weise die Deutschen hinsichtlich politischer, sozialer, religiöser oder lokaler Zugehörigkeit analysierten und Versuche unternommen wurden, diese Gruppen anhand dieser vermeintlichen Schwächen zu manipulieren, wurde nie das Ziel erreicht, via der Provokation von Differenzen innerhalb der Bevölkerung oder zwischen Bevölkerung und NS-Regime den Krieg zu verkürzen. Dabei ist die britische Effizienz im Einzelnen wiederum schwer messbar, festzustellen ist jedoch eindeutig, dass die britischen Propaganda-Maßnahmen keinen durchschlagenden Erfolg hatten, da die Autorität des NS-Regime zu keinem Zeitpunkt durch Massenaufstände oder Meutereien bzw. Massendesertionen an der Front gefährdet waren. Im Großen und Ganzen war die Entwicklung der mentalitätsorientierten ''geistigen Kriegsführung'' ein beeindruckendes Kapitel der britischen Geschichte, jedoch ohne messbare Auswirkung auf den Kriegsverlauf bzw. seiner Verkürzung. / The beginning of the Second World War imposed a new kind of warfare on the battlefield. The progress of radio and flight techniques permitted measures to manipulate the enemy with a combination of propaganda and psychological warfare. Furthermore, an analysis of his character was needed to spot the weak points in German psychology, to support the enemy population and soldiers in enmity towards their own government and to the war and to induce political uprising, sabotage and desertion. But the economic rebirth of Germany had created a strong connection between the Germans and Hitler, that would not be easy to weaken. British attempts to manipulate the German mind were wholly unsuccessful. Even the best analysis, very often close to the truth, could not jeopardize the efforts of Nazi propaganda, that drummed successfully into the German mind that the intentions of the Allied forces would be to destroy and enslave Germany. Furthermore, efforts to drive a wedge between the Germans and their leaders failed. Even in decline and defeat, the average German remained incapable of drawing his own conclusions and rising up against the Nazis. The history of the British attempts to manipulate the German mind was yet an impressive chapter of the Second World War, even if not entirely successful. The propaganda-organization of those measures and the confirmation of at least some of the estimates proved the efficiency of a well-organized brain-pool. For the totalitarian regime, it was easier in the end to oppress opposition, and for the democratic system too difficult to penetrate the German minds.

Socialinių reklamų organizavimo, ją sudarančių priemonių ir veiksmų ištyrimo Lietuvoje problema moksliškai yra nepakankamai atskleidžiama, o pats socialinių reklamų kūrimas ir publikavimas neretai užima antrinį vaidmenį reklamų rinkoje Lietuvoje. Socialinių reklamų priemonių ir veiksmų Lietuvoje išskyrimas ir socialinių reklamų priemonių ir veiksmų rinkinių taikomumo Lietuvos rinkoje įvertinimas yra aktualus uždavinys, kurio rezultatai gali padėti spręsti socialinių reklamų organizavimo Lietuvoje problemas. Darbo objektas – socialinės reklamos priemonės ir veiksmai. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – nustatyti socialinių reklamų, skirtų jaunimui, raišką Lietuvoje, išryškinant priemonių ir veiksmų rinkinius jose. Tikslas siekiamas aprašant reklamos ir socialinės reklamos santykį raidos požiūriu, išskiriant socialinės reklamos vietą socialinėje propagandoje ir socialinėje rinkodaroje, parengiant teorinį socialinės reklamos priemonių ir veiksmų modelį, apžvelgus jau atliktus tyrimus socialinės reklamos srityje, parengiant socialinių reklamų jaunimui raiškos Lietuvoje tyrimo dizainą bei apibendrinant socialinių reklamų jaunimui Lietuvoje vyraujančius socialinių reklamų priemonių ir veiksmų rinkinius. Teoriniu aspektu atlikta įvairių autorių socialinės reklamos socialinės rinkodaros ir socialinės propagandos sampratų interpretacijų analizė, leidusi išskirti šių sampratų apibūdinimo ribotumus bei suformuluoti apibendrintus minėtųjų sąvokų apibrėžimus; išskirti socialinės reklamos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Organization of social advertisement, examination of problem of its component devices and actions in Lithuania is lack of scientific disclosure, and the development and publication of social advertisement often takes a secondary role in the Lithuanian advertising market. Thus isolation of devices and actions of Lituanian social advertisement, and the assessment of applicability of the set of social advertisement devices and actions in Lithuanian market is relevant to the task, the results of which can contribute to addressing the problems of social advertisement organization in Lithuanian. Object of MBA Graduation paper – the devices and actions of social advertisement. The main objective of this MBA Graduation paper is to establish the expression of social advertisement for youth in Lithuanian by highlighting the set of devices and actions in social advertisements. The purpose is going after by describing the evolution of advertisement and social advertisement, by establishing the place of social advertisement in social propaganda and social marketing, by formulating the theoretical model of devices and actions of social advertisement, according to the review of the past research in the area of social advertisement, by formulating the design of research of expression of social advertisement for youth in Lithuania and by giving the conclusions of the set of social advertisement devices and actions that mainstream in social advertisements for youth in Lithuania. In the... [to full text]

Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 217-239). / Electronic reproduction. / Also available by subscription via World Wide Web / xv, 239 leaves, bound ill., map 29 cm

Submitted by Luciana Messias Shinoda (luly.shinoda@gmail.com) on 2017-03-20T12:46:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luciana Shinoda_vmpressão2.pdf: 2481324 bytes, checksum: 954e6326029f4e5938ac7645efedb4b6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-03-20T17:50:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luciana Shinoda_vmpressão2.pdf: 2481324 bytes, checksum: 954e6326029f4e5938ac7645efedb4b6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T17:52:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Luciana Shinoda_vmpressão2.pdf: 2481324 bytes, checksum: 954e6326029f4e5938ac7645efedb4b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-07 / This study investigates female gender stereotypes in Brazilian printed advertising, understanding advertising as a transmitter of cultural values and beliefs. A content analysis of n = 1208 advertisements published in female, male and general content magazines during the years of 1995, 2005 and 2015 was held. The investigation considered both manifested and latent aspects of the advertisements, analyzing the (1) Physical Characteristics and the (2) Gender Roles of the woman represented and the (3) Subtle Sexism associated to her in the images. These three levels of analysis, together with the Product Category, allowed the identification of thirteen "Patterns of Representation of Female Gender Stereotype in Print Advertising". The study indicates that, during the period of analysis, the gender roles in which women were represented have become wider while the subtle sexism showed a gradual reduction of frequency. Besides, changes on the physical characteristics and associated sexism were observed in each pattern of representation of female gender stereotype. Regarding the physical characteristics, in all three periods of analysis, a dominant physical pattern was observed: white skin, young age and slim/lean body. Therefore, the study highlights the need of wider representations in terms of physical characteristics in Brazilian print advertising. / Este estudo investiga os estereótipos do gênero feminino na propaganda impressa brasileira, entendendo a propaganda como um transmissor de valores e crenças culturais. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo de n = 1208 anúncios veiculados em revistas femininas, masculinas e de conteúdo geral, nos anos de 1995, 2005 e 2015. A investigação considerou uma combinação de aspectos manifestos e latentes presentes na propaganda, analisando (1) Características Físicas e (2) Papéis de Gênero da mulher retratada no anúncio e (3) Sexismo Sutil associado às imagens dos anúncios. Estes três níveis de análise, juntamente às Categorias de Produto identificadas nos anúncios, permitiram identificar treze "Padrões de Representação do Estereótipo do Gênero Feminino na Propaganda". A análise mostrou que, ao longo do período analisado, houve uma ampliação dos Papéis de Gênero em que a mulher é representada na propaganda, assim como uma redução gradual no Sexismo Sutil associado. Além disso, foi possível discutir as mudanças observadas em cada Padrão de Representação do Estereótipo Feminino (considerando características físicas e sexismos). Em relação às Características Físicas, notou-se nos três períodos, um padrão físico dominante na representação da mulher brasileira na propaganda impressa: Cor de Pele Branca, Idade entre Jovem e Adulta e o Tipo Físico entre Magro e Definido. Identifica-se, portanto, a necessidade de representações femininas mais amplas em termos de características físicas na propaganda impressa brasileira.

The use of arguments containing increasingly technical materials has grown significantly in the recent years. Specifically, arguments that are used to justify military expenditures or to allege violations of international agreements are becoming more sophisticated. This study examines the dissemination and use of technical argument in claims made by the United States government that the Soviet Union violated chemical and biological treaties in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan. This study employs the Jowett-O'Donnell method for analyzing propaganda to determine the extent and effectiveness of the government's claims. The study concludes that propaganda was used extensively by the government in order to justify new weapons programs and that the propaganda campaign was effective because of the technological orientation of its claims.