Researchers, policy makers and practitioners alike have in recent years acknowledged a growing tendency towards opening up the innovation process by combining internal organizational assets with external actors’ resources. However, opening up the innovation process usually also entails revealing ideas, which may result in misappropriation. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate tensions related to the openness-appropriability relationship; this is done in three studies. The first study concerns a specific contextual factor that is likely to stress the openness-appropriability tensions: the location of external partners in innovation. The second study relates to the way managing openness-appropriability tensions affects performance, and the third study involves a theoretical discussion about the nature of the tensions occurring in the openness-appropriability relationship, i.e. paradoxical, dilemmatic, or dialectical. The first two studies apply quantitative methods, using survey data, while the third is a conceptual paper. The findings from the first study indicate that the use of different groups of appropriability mechanisms varies across various types of openness and that the location of external partners in innovation refines these linkages even more. The second study’s main takeaway is that the higher appropriability intensity, i.e. the extent to which appropriability mechanisms are put into practice, explains higher performance outcomes. The third study suggests that the tensions between openness and appropriability are more likely of paradoxical nature. From a theoretical perspective, findings indicate that paradoxical tensions between openness and appropriability may have a spatial dimension, and that these tensions should also be investigated in regards to performance. Managerial implications point out that opening up to innovation partners located abroad is likely to require more costly appropriability mechanisms. / <p>QC 20170126</p>

Cultural preservation efforts have evolved from traditional, site specific projects administered by a single agency, to regional, multi-jurisdictional projects administered by a cooperative partnership. The projects administered cooperative partnerships are a recent phenomena and are often termed heritage preservation projects. An analysis of the evolution of cultural preservation efforts is undertaken through historical and case study research. The selected cases are examples of innovative regional cultural preservation efforts of their era. The results of the analysis provide a descriptive evolution of the cultural preservation efforts, and a description of the components of both traditional preservation efforts and heritage preservation efforts. / Master of Landscape Architecture

by Chan Wai Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-171). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / List of tables --- p.viii / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / The Research Case --- p.2 / The Puzzle --- p.4 / Methodology --- p.6 / Outline of the Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods and the State --- p.11 / National and Cultural pride as an Intergenerational Non-investment- inducing Public Good --- p.11 / The Nature of the State --- p.19 / Good State --- p.20 / """Neutral"" State" --- p.22 / Bad State --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- China as an Entrepreneurial State --- p.33 / State Administration in China --- p.33 / Central-local Fiscal Relations from a Historical Perspective --- p.41 / Fragmented State Perspective --- p.45 / Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.47 / Public Choice's Critiques --- p.58 / China as an Entrepreneurial State: Revised --- p.66 / Chapter 4 --- Archaeological Protection in China --- p.68 / Archaeological Protection in Democratic Countries --- p.68 / National Laws and Regulations of Archaeological Protection in China --- p.75 / Difficulties Encountered in Archaeological Protection --- p.87 / Chapter 5 --- Preservation of the Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom in Guangzhou --- p.94 / The City of Guangzhou --- p.94 / Regulations on the Protection of the Cultural Relics in the Guangdong Province and Guangzhou --- p.96 / Archaeological Protection in Guangzhou --- p.99 / The Preservation of the Royal Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom --- p.101 / Chapter 6 --- The Political Logic of Preserving Cultural Legacy --- p.118 / Identifying the Individual Actor: Mayors of Guangzhou --- p.119 / Chinese Officials as a Political Actor --- p.121 / Establishing a Modern Civil Service --- p.122 / A Performance-based Civil Service --- p.126 / The Political Logic of Preservation of Cultural Legacy in Guangzhou --- p.133 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.146 / The Provision of Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods --- p.146 / Public Choice Theory and the Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.148 / Reflections on the Study of Chinese Politics --- p.158 / Limitations of the Study --- p.161 / Bibliography --- p.165

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

“And what we can see and imagine gives us faith for what surpasses the imagination” (Wells, 1902) A rich cultural heritage can serve as a vehicle that enlivens all levels of educational development and promotes an interdisciplinary dialogue concerning preservation goals and objectives. A comprehensive, integrated information base is essential to sustaining the viability of this diverse cultural heritage and to promoting a national preservation agenda. The collective experiences and practices of local preservation efforts, when assembled into a readily accessible knowledge base, can effectively inform efforts to resolve preservation challenges nationwide. As the ideal of historic preservation has come to accommodate a variety of philosophical perspectives, so too must the efforts to adapt new technologies to the tasks of cultural resource management. The development of more effective mechanisms for informing the decision processes will encourage resource administrators to assume greater responsibility for the management of cultural resources. It will enable the preservation community to strengthen its social, economic, and political advocacy for the conservation and celebration of our delicate, yet durable, cultural roots. Through the outreach to public and private constituencies, and through the development of market applications for cost effective preservation products, technologies, and services, the positive socioeconomic benefits of sensible, sensitive cultural resource management will serve to institutionalize the perception of our cultural heritage as an integral part of a healthy, informed society. The goal of this work is to demonstrate through developed prototypes and projected scenarios, alternatives for technology transfer, adaptation, and application that can facilitate better informed decisions about the management of an increasingly threatened cultural heritage. This body of information will contribute to the resolution of the most critical needs of the preservation process, and will enhance the ability of private, state, and federal agencies to meet their legal obligations in the management and protection of our cultural heritage. The work demonstrates that the whole of the preservation process can be enhanced by exploiting the opportunities inherent in emerging information management technologies. / Ph. D.

The thesis has investigated the place of Zimbabwean indigenous intangible heritage in a globalising environment. It used the Shona language and intangible heritage situation as a case study. It argued that Zimbabwean intangible heritage is continually being eroded by the agents of globalisation and that the only way of safeguarding it from extinction is through the preservation of Zimbabwean indigenous languages. The thesis has come to this conclusion after having established that there is an intimate and inseparable bond between language and its intangible values so much that it is not possible to talk of one devoid of the other. The relationship has been seen to be symbiotic. The Shona language has been established to embody, express and to be a carrier of all the intangible heritage of its speakers into the future by re-living them in the people’s daily life while these intangible values have been seen to conserve the language through their continued practice by the people. The research has also established that Zimbabwean intangible heritage marginalisation has roots in colonialism, dating as far back as the early Christian missionary days. The Shona intangible heritage has also been seen to be still of value despite the global threats as evidenced by the people’s continued re-living of it through language. The thesis has also noted that the Zimbabwean Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture is still using out-dated colonial language policies that still further the ascendancy of English and the intangible values it stands for while indigenous languages and values are marginalised in the education system, in government and in industry thereby worsening their predicament in the global environment. The current socio-economic and political developments in the country and some Shona novelists in Shona and in English are also culprits in this whole process as they continue to demonise and infantilise Zimbabwean intangible heritage. The thesis has therefore asserted that Zimbabwean intangible heritage is most likely to be eroded from the face of the earth if no measures are taken to safeguard it from extinction. It has therefore wound up by arguing that the survival of Zimbabwean intangible heritage lies in the survival of Zimbabwean indigenous languages through which it continues to be practised and felt by its people. The thesis has therefore recommended that the Zimbabwean government adopt sound language policies that safeguard the survival of Zimbabwean indigenous languages to enable the indigenous intangible heritage of the people to survive as well as the two are intricately related. / African Languages / (D.Litt.et.Phil.(African Languages))

Thesis (MPA (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The birth of democracy in South Africa launched a paradigm shift in the public sector aligning it with the new political ideology. To meet this objective, state organs had to be radically transformed to embrace this new political ideology so as to extend and enhance service delivery to all South Africans. The democratisation of state organs led to the transformation of public institutions both statutory and non-statutory. The urgency to transform strategic state institutions whose mandate was to provide basic and primary needs like health, housing and social services, led to the neglect of other like sport, culture, and the natural environment. The transformation of some of the latter institutions was attended to only after a couple of years after the democratisation. This led to flaws in these legislative development processes which resulted in the creation of different institutions by various laws. This was the root cause of fragmentation. The provisions of these Acts are in some areas ambiguous and contradictory. The consequences are duplications and overlaps in the implementation processes. Heritage institutions have different regulatory frameworks and management systems – regulations, policies, guidelines and procedures. Furthermore, complex internal management systems expedite fragmentation of this sector. This institutional fragmentation has enormous impact on heritage conservation and management. There is limited cooperation and collaboration between heritage institutions. This study will outline how theories, strategies and instruments from the new public management approach, can be utilised to address these challenges. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Met die totstandkoming van ‘n demokratiese Suid-Afrika het in paradigma verskuiwing in die openbare sektor gevolg wat dit in lyn gebring het met die nuwe politieke ideologie. Om hierdie doelwit te bereik staats instelling moes radikaal getransformeer word om hierdie nuwe politieke ideologie te ondersteun en diens lewering na alle Suid-Afrikaners uit te brei. Die demokratisering van staatsinstellings het tot die transformasie van beide statutere en -nie statutere instellings gelei. Die noodsaak om strategiese staatsinstellings wie se mandaat dit was om basiese en primere dienste soos gesondheid, behuising en maatskaplike dienste te verskaf en transformeer, het tot die verwaarlosing van sport, kultuur en omgewingsake gelei. Dit het ‘n paar jaar geduur na demokratisering voordat die transformasie van hierdie instellings aandag gekry het. Die gevolg was ‘n gebrekkige wetgewende ontwikkelingsproses wat tot die totstandkoming van verskillende instellings in terme van verskeie wette gelei het. Hierdie is die bron van fragmentasie. Die voorskrifte van hierdie wetgewing is in sekere areas dubbelsinnig en teenstrydig. Die gevolg is duplikasie en oorvleuling in die implementeringsprosesse. Erfenis oorvleueling instellings het verskillende regulatoriese raamwerke en bestuurstelsels- regulasies, beleide, riglyne en prosedures. Verder vererger die komplekse interne bestuurstelsels fragmentasie in die sektor. Die institusionele fragmentasie het groot impak op erfenisbewaring en-bestuur. Daar is beperkte samewerking tussen erfenis instellings. Hierdie studies sal aandui hoe teoriee, strategie en instrumente van die nuwe benadering tot openbare bestuur aangewend kan word om hierdie uitdagings die hoof te bied.

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences. / Centre for Macau Studies