Nowadays a very actual and painful problem how country children feel having arrived at a town school. Recently, the school net reform being under go, the pupils of 9 -11 th forms are made to go to a town school. This has some influence to their self – being, as they are intimidated by the new surrounding. Psychological climate dominating in the school also influences it, as well as relationships with their new classmates and teachers. That is why a research been done, and having analysed it , the possibilities for adaptation of country children in town schools were exposed, revealing the reasons and self – being of country children. The object of this work – country children, having changed the social environment and the school pedagogical climate. 9 – 11th forms pupils are being discussed in the work as carrying out the reform of the school net the pupils of these classes are forced to leave their village schools and attend gymnasiums, secondary or basic schools in towns. The problem of the research - the influence of changing social environment towards a child’s self – being. When inquest was done and the results of the questionnaire analised, the main reasons for which the students came to city school were clear: 1. With the help of the questionnaire it was established that pupils came from village school to town school as: - They could not continue their studies in their village school; - They had hoped for better results. 2. While questioning it... [to full text]

Magistro darbe pateikti konkretaus švietimo vadybos diagnostinio tyrimo rezultatai. Apibūdintos pagrindinės sąvokos, apžvelgti ir išanalizuoti darbuotojų valdymo ypatumai, sudarytas teorinis modelis, kuriuo remiantis sudarytas tyrimo instrumentas. Remiantis tyrimo objekto operacionalizacija, buvo parengta struktūruota, uždaro tipo, anketa. Anketa gali būti naudojama profesinių santykių švietimo įstaigoje kokybei nustatyti. Pagrindinis empirinės informacijos šaltinis tyrime buvo Mažeikių miesto ir rajono švietimo ugdymo įstaigų vadovų, pedagogų ir specialistų (229 respondentai) nuomonė apie profesinių santykių įtaką mokyklos veiklai. Tyrimo metu buvo suformuluoti šie probleminiai klausimai: koks psichologinis klimatas vyrauja mokyklose, kokia yra valdymo situacija ir kokią įtaką turi mokyklos veiklai; ar mokytojams sudaromos galimybės tobulėti, kelti kvalifikaciją; ar mokyklose vyksta vidinė komunikacija, užduočių delegavimas, darbuotojų įtraukimas į sprendimų priėmimą. Atlikta tyrimo analizė parodė, jog labiausiai profesiniams santykiams mokyklose daro įtaką konkurencija tarp kolegų, darbų ir užduočių paskirstymo problemos, taikoma kontrolės sistema, bendruomenės narių charakterio savybės, motyvavimo stoka. Apibendrinant atlikto tyrimo ir gautų rezultatų duomenis galima teigti, kad mokyklose yra sudaromos palankios sąlygos profesinių santykių plėtrai ir jų efektyvinimui. / The results of a specific diagnostic research into education management are presented in the paper. The key concepts are described, the peculiarities of personnel management are reviewed and analyzed, a theoretical model for designing the research instrument was developed. With reference to the operationalization of the research object a structured and closed-response type questionnaire was prepared. Such a questionnaire may be applied for the evaluation of the quality of professional relations in an educational institution. In the research, the main source of empirical data was the opinion of the heads, educators and specialists of the educational institutions of Mažeikiai town and Mažeikia region (229 respondents) regarding the impact of professional relations on the activity of a school. Research questions include the following: 1) what psychological climate is dominant in schools? 2) what is the situation in school management and what impact does it have on the activity of a school? 3) is there internal communication, task assignment and the involvement of personnel in decision-making in a school? The results of the research showed that professional relations in schools are mostly impacted by competition among colleagues, problems in work and task assignment, the control system applied, personal traits of the community members, lack of motivation. To summarize the data and the results of the research, it is possible to claim that favourable conditions for the development... [to full text]

SANTRAUKA Sportuojančių paauglių savigarbos, saviraiškos, savęs vertinimo ir psichologinio klimato komandoje ypatumai Raktiniai žodžiai: savigarba, saviraiška, savęs vertinimas, psichologinis klimatas, sportinė veikla. Tyrimo objektas – krepšininkų, rankininkų ir tinklininkų paauglių savigarba, saviraiška, savęs vertinimas, psichologinis klimatas. Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti sportuojančių paauglių savigarbos, saviraiškos, savęs vertinimo ir psichologinio klimato ypatumus. Hipotezė – sportuojančių paauglių savigarba, saviraiška, savęs vertinimas bei psichologinis klimatas skiriasi pagal lytį, amžių ir sporto šaką. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti krepšinio, tinklinio ir rankinio komandų žaidėjų savigarbos, saviraiškos ir savęs vertinimo lygius. 2. Išryškinti respondentų savigarbos, saviraiškos ir savęs vertinimo lygius pagal lytį. 3. Nustatyti tiriamųjų savigarbos, saviraiškos ir savęs vertinimo lygius pagal amžių. 4. Išsiaiškinti sportininkų psichologinio klimato komandoje ypatumus pagal sporto šaką, lytį ir amžių. Tyrimo imtis ir organizavimas. Anketavimas buvo vykdomas 2008-2010 m. Iš viso apklausti 378 sportuojantys respondentai. Išvados 1. Išryškėjo, kad krepšininkai, rankininkai ir tinklininkai pasižymi aukštu ir vidutiniu savigarbos, saviraiškos ir savęs vertinimo lygiu, tačiau statistiškai reikšmingas skirtumas tarp atskirų sporto šakų atstovų savigarbos, saviraiškos ir savęs vertinimo lygių nenustatytas (p>0,05). 2. Nustatyta, kad daugiau vaikinų nei merginų pasižymi... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY Peculiarity of sporting teenager self-esteem, self-expression, self-evaluation and psychological climate in team. Key words: self-esteem, self-expression, self-evaluation, psychological climate and sporting activities. The object of research - basketball, handball and volleyball self-expression, self-esteem,selfevaluation and psychological climate. Purpose of the survey - the sport teen self-expression, self-esteem, self-evaluation and psychological climate characteristics. Hyphotesis - sports teen self-esteem, self-expression, self-evaluation differ by gender, age, sport and psychological climate varies according to gender, age and sport. The tasks of research: 1. Set up basketball, volleyball and handball teams of players self-esteem, self-expression and self-evaluation levels. 2. Highlight of the respondents self-esteem, self-expression and self-evaluation levels according to gender. 3. Set the test of self-esteem, self-expression and self-evaluation levels according to age. 4. To find out the psychological climate in a team sport features according to sport, gender and age. Planning of research. Questionnaire survey was conducted for 2008-2010. In total 378 athletes interviewed respondents. Findings 1. There were the basketball, handball and volleyball have a medium or high self-esteem, self-expression and self-evaluation level, but statistically significant difference between the sports representatives of self-esteem, self-expression and self-assessment levels... [to full text]

Independent manufacturers' representatives (IMRs) are companies that sell products on behalf of manufacturers (principals), typically on a commission basis. IMRs offer principals specialized knowledge about product areas or markets, and they can function as attractive supplements or replacements for in-house sales units. The literature on IMRs' allocation of resources to their principals and the downstream impact on performance is underexplored. A paucity of published research exists using actual IMR sales and commission data, likely because this data is difficult to collect due to its sensitive nature. This dissertation fills this gap by exploring the influence of principals' use of sales controls, how these controls impact the psychological climate that arises between IMRs and their principals, and the downstream impact on IMRs' allocation of sales resources and the sales volumes actually produced. Furthermore, this dissertation answers the call for research on the impact of principal's use of house territories and house accounts, through the lens of the IMR. The dissertation features three essays. The purposes are: to identify gaps in existing IMR research in order to provide directions for future research in this domain; to explore the influence of the principal's sales controls on the psychological climate between the principal and IMR and the downstream impact on IMR allocation of sales resources and sales performance; and to develop theoretical and practical insights about the impact of principals' use of house accounts, i.e. customers served by an in-house sales organization, inside or outside IMRs' territories.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Chihyung Ok / Employee engagement has received a great deal of attention in the last decade in the popular business press and among consulting firms and the practitioner community. They claim employee engagement is a new human resource practice that business organizations can use in order to cope with the uncertainty of turbulent industry conditions. However, in the academic community, the concept remains new, and therefore, the concept requires rigorous seminal studies to validate it. Given that practical interest in work engagement has outstripped the currently available research evidence, fundamental questions, like how it can be increased and how and why it benefits individuals and organizations, still require answers. Therefore, this study empirically tested relationships among antecedents and consequences of employee engagement in the hotel setting. In particular, this study provided theory-based empirical evidence regarding whether employee evaluations of self (i.e., core self-evaluations) and perceptions of organizational environment (i.e., psychological climate) affect employee engagement. This study also investigated how employee engagement directly and indirectly leads to intrinsic rewards, job satisfaction, personal attachment to an organization (i.e., organizational commitment), and the leader-member exchange relationship (LMX). In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the study, 11 hypotheses were proposed based on several theories: Kahn's three psychological conditions theory, job demands-resources model, social exchange theory, and conservation of resources theory. To test the hypotheses, data were collected from 394 hotel employees and managers in the United States. The proposed relationships were examined using hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation modeling. Results of hypothesis testing showed that core self-evaluations and three components of psychological climate (managerial support for service, interdepartmental service, and team communication) positively influence employee engagement. The results also revealed that employee engagement is positively associated with all the outcome variables. This study further demonstrated that LMX mediates the relationships of employee engagement with job satisfaction and organizational commitment; job satisfaction mediates the relationships between employee engagement and organizational commitment and between LMX and organizational commitment. Given that employee engagement is an important current issue for hospitality companies, the findings should provide the hotel industry with a more complete picture of how employee engagement is associated with its antecedents and outcomes. A discussion of managerial implications is included along with theoretical implications of the findings, an evaluation of research limitations, and directions for future research.

L’objectif de ce mémoire est d’étudier les liens entre le climat psychologique des unités organisationnelles et la détresse psychologique. Il s’agit plus précisément de déterminer si le climat psychologique des unités organisationnelles peut être considéré comme un facteur professionnel pouvant favoriser le développement de la détresse psychologique. Nous avons recueilli des données primaires en transmettant un questionnaire spécifique auprès de 362 employés de cinq départements différents d’une société d’assurance du Canada. Deux échelles de mesures de détresse psychologique ont été utilisées aux fins de notre étude : l’échelle de Kessler (1998) utilisée dans l’Enquête Nationale sur la santé des populations du Canada de 1999 et celle d’Ilfeld adaptée par Préville (1994) utilisée dans l’Enquête de Santé Québec de 1998. L’analyse des résultats a partiellement démontré que les dimensions du concept de climat psychologique (la qualité des relations avec les collègues, la qualité des relations avec le superviseur et la qualité de l’environnement immédiat de travail) influencent le degré de détresse psychologique au sein des unités organisationnelles. De plus, les trois composantes du climat psychologique ne prédisent pas de façon similaire les résultats des deux échelles de détresse utilisées. / The main objective of this paper is to examine the association between the psychological climate and the occurrence of psychological distress within organizational work units. More precisely, we want to determine if the psychological climate is an occupational factor than can lead to psychological distress. A specific questionnaire was submitted to 362 employees from five different departments at a Canadian insurance company. Two different scales were used to measure the level of psychological distress: the Kessler scale (1998) used in the National Population Health Survey in 1999 and the Ilfeld scale, the latter modified by Préville (1994) used in the Québec Health Survey in 1998. Results of our analysis partly showed that the inherent dimensions of the psychological climate concept (quality of relationships with colleagues, quality of relationships with supervisor and quality of work environment) influence the level of psychological distress within organizational work units. Moreover, the three components of the psychological climate did not predict the results obtained by the two psychological distress scales.

This nonexperimental, correlational study (N = 283) examined the relation among job fit, affective commitment, psychological climate, discretionary effort, intention to turnover, and employee engagement. An internet-based self-report survey battery of six scales were administered to a heterogeneous sampling of organizations from the fields of service, technology, healthcare, retail, banking, nonprofit, and hospitality. Hypotheses were tested through correlational and hierarchical regression analytic procedures. Job fit, affective commitment, and psychological climate were all significantly related to employee engagement and employee engagement was significantly related to both discretionary effort and intention to turnover. For the discretionary effort model, the hierarchical regression analysis results suggested that the employees who reported experiencing a positive psychological climate were more likely to report higher levels of discretionary effort. As for the intention to turnover model, the hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that affective commitment and employee engagement predicted lower levels of an employee’s intention to turnover. The regression beta weights ranged from to .43 to .78, supporting the theoretical, empirical, and practical relevance of understanding the impact of employee engagement on organizational outcomes. Implications for HRD theory, research, and practice are highlighted as possible strategic leverage points for creating conditions that facilitate the development of employee engagement as a means for improving organizational performance.

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The main objective of this research was to establish a model for emotional intelligence as a determinant of organisational climate. This model should help companies and organisational psychologists to better understand the interrelatedness of the two constructs in order to optimally enhance organisational performance. This research was conducted in a large organisation, utilising a large sample (n = 1 612) of employees in the financial services industry. During the first phase of this research, emotional intelligence was conceptualised from literature research within the trait paradigm and organisational climate as a molar construct. A theoretical model of emotional intelligence as a determinant of organisational climate was developed and suggested a link to organisational output. During the second phase of this research (empirical research), assessment instruments for emotional intelligence (the Gerber Emotional Intelligence Scale) and organisational climate (the High Performance Climate Questionnaire) were developed and validated. Thereafter an assessment instrument for work output was designed to test the link with performance. The structural equation model (SEM) produced a new best-fitting model of emotional intelligence, organisational climate and work output. The model indicates that emotional intelligence does not correlate with work output as expected, but organisational climate does correlates moderately with work output and explains almost 40% of the variance in work output. The strongest influence seems to flow from teamwork and management. The regression weights between emotional intelligence and organisational climate were trivial, although the model fit indices were all within an acceptable range. The researcher attributed the lack of support for the model to the characteristics of the employees of this type of organisation and concluded that emotional intelligence should not be seen as a determinant of organisational climate in this specific financial services sector. The results further indicate that significant differences exist between the organisational climate experiences of four biographical categories (race, position level, age and geographical region) and also for the categories of position level and age for work output. These differences need to be considered when developing future interventions. This research contributes towards a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between emotional intelligence, organisational climate and work output. The three newly developed questionnaires and the SEM could help researchers and practitioners to apply the research model in other industries and subsequently improve organisational outputs. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)