This study investigates developing the psychosocial safety climate in manufacturing companies in Sweden, by offering insights into following questions: How can organizations work to promote a positive psychosocial safety climate? & How can change management possibly help to develop a psychosocial safety climate? The study employed a qualitative research strategy, specifically a case study, which included various interviews. The study investigated three different departments consisting of office-based personnel. The topics emphasized in this study are psychosocial hazards, psychosocial safety climate, and the factors that help in developing the psychosocial safety climate. Moreover, the topic of leadership in relation to developing psychosocial safety climate, and change management as a tool that may help in developing psychosocial safety climate were also highlighted. The study concluded that: leadership & management is the key factor in promoting a positive psychosocial safety climate, since it impacts other factors investigated in the study, supportive policies, effective communication, work design, training & awareness, and support, resources & employee participation. Moreover, while viewing the development of psychosocial safety climate as a change, three phases with unique activities in each are essential to achieve the goal of a positive psychosocial safety climate. The phases investigated are planning, implementing and reinforcing.

Nina Fällstrand Larsson Psychosocial safety climate for workers with temporary employment in elderly care. Master Thesis in Occupational Health Science (15 credits). Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle. Sweden Psychosocial safety climate for workers with temporary employment in elderly care Psychosocial safety climate refers to workers psychological health, well-being and safety in an organisation, and it reflects the organisations’ ability to protect workers health and safety. Psychosocial safety climate can be measured with the PSC-4 tool consisting of 4 dimensions covering organisational policies and practice. The aim of this study is to examine in what extend job preferences and job security can predict psychosocial safety climate for workers with temporary employment in elderly care. The design is cross sectional with data collected by a survey from the research program Flexible working (Flex-A) at University of Gävle. The respondents were 109 workers with temporary employment in care facilities for elderly. The variables job preferences and job security have been analysed with a linear regression analysis including age and gender as cofounders. The unadjusted analysis did not reach significance, but the age and gender adjusted analysis did. However, none of the predictors were significant. The conclusion is that psychosocial safety climate cannot be predicted by job preferences and job security for workers with temporary employment in elderly care. In addition, gender and age should be considered as possible confounders in future studies. Keywords: Psychosocial safety climate, Temporary employment, Job insecurity, Employment preference / Psykosocialt säkerhetsklimat hos timanställda inom äldreomsorgen Stress och ohälsa är ett stort problem på dagens arbetsmarknad, speciellt för medarbetare inom vård och omsorg. Det psykosociala arbetsklimatet återspeglar organisationens förmåga att skydda medarbetarnas hälsa och säkerhet, och innefattar medarbetarnas psykiska hälsa, välbefinnande och säkerhet i en organisation. Det psykosociala säkerhetsklimatet kan mätas med verktyget PSC-4 som består av 4 dimensioner och ger uttryck för organisationens värderingar, kommunikation och engagemang. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka betydelsen av anställningspreferens och anställningstrygghet för det psykosociala säkerhetsklimatet hos timanställda i kommunens äldreomsorg. Frågeställningen är i vilken utsträckning anställningspreferens och anställningstrygghet predicerar psykosocialt säkerhetsklimat. Studien har en tvärsnittsdesign där det empiriska materialet är sekundärdata från forskningsprogrammet Flexibelt arbete (FlexA) vid Högskolan i Gävle. Urvalet i studien består av 109 timanställda inom kommunens äldreomsorg. Variablerna anställningspreferens och anställningstrygghet har använts i en linjär regressionsanalys. Resultatet visar att det inte finns något signifikant samband som kan predicera det psykosociala säkerhetsklimatet. Den justerade regressionen med kontrollvariablerna ålder och kön är signifikant (p = 0,006). Däremot är inga av de ingående prediktorerna signifikanta, men resultatet visar att ålder och kön är viktiga att beakta i analyser av det psykosociala säkerhetsklimatet. Slutsatsen är att anställningspreferens och anställningstrygghet inte kan predicera psykosocialt säkerhetsklimat för timanställda inom kommunens äldreomsorg.

Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Sinsey E. Johnson has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Gabriel Telleria, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. George Larkin, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Tanya Settles, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2016 Workplace bullying is a source of distress and contributes to productivity losses and poor mental health among workers in the United States. Little, though, is known about how organizational structure and culture may impact the frequency of bullying within the context of federal public organizations. Using Schein's theory of organizational climate as the foundation, this correlational study examined the relationship between organizational size, type including protective services, the United States Postal Service, or other government agencies, and climate as defined by Schein. Survey data using the modifications of the Negative Acts Questionnaire and the Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale were used to collect data from a sample of 78 employees of the federal government. Data were analyzed using a linear regression technique. Results indicate that organizational size and type are not predictive of bullying behavior, but there is a statistically significant relationship between organizational climate and bullying (p = .001). The positive social change implications stemming from this study includes recommendations to federal government executives to explore organizational policies and rules to mitigate bullying behaviors through attention to organizational climate, thereby potentially increasing organizational efficiency and improving the work experience of federal employees.

L’objectif général de ce travail doctoral était d’identifier des leviers d’action permettant de préserver la santé psychologique des travailleurs, de réduire certaines de leurs attitudes et comportements néfastes pour les organisations de santé, et de comprendre les mécanismes explicatifs de ces relations. La première étude a démontré que le climat de sécurité psychosociale (i.e., PSC) était négativement associé au conflit travail-famille (i.e., WFC) et aux intentions de turnover des soignants via la frustration des besoins psychologiques. La seconde étude a mis en évidence que le PSC, via son influence sur la frustration des besoins, était associé à une réduction du burnout des soignants trois mois plus tard qui expliquait à son tour une augmentation du WFC et des intentions de turnover. La troisième étude a démontré que la dissonance émotionnelle et les ressources organisationnelles influençaient le manque de détachement psychologique et l’engagement au travail des professionnels d’encadrement au terme d’une période de trois mois, via leurs effets sur la frustration et la satisfaction des besoins. Ces trois études enrichissent la littérature scientifique sur la théorie de l’autodétermination en contexte de travail et alimentent la réflexion sur les pratiques organisationnelles susceptibles de modifier durablement l’expérience professionnelle des salariés du secteur / The general purpose of this doctoral dissertation was to contribute to identify triggers to preserve workers’ psychological health and reduce some of their negative attitudes and behaviors which appear to be harmful to healthcare organizations. Moreover, we aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying such effects. Study 1 used a cross-sectional design to demonstrate that psychosocial safety climate (i.e., PSC) was negatively related to nursing staff’s work-family conflict (i.e., WFC) and turnover intentions, through the mediation of psychological need thwarting. Study 2 developed these results by showing how PSC, through its influence on psychological need thwarting, related to a decrease in burnout three months later. Burnout itself explained an increase in WFC and turnover intentions. Study 3 focused on managers’ psychological health and found that emotional dissonance and organizational resources influenced managers lack of psychological detachment and work engagement three months later, through psychological need thwarting and satisfaction. Altogether, these studies contribute to self-determination theory in the work setting and offer some perspectives on organizational practices that could lastingly alter healthcare employees’ professional experience

The growth of a country's economy is highly dependent on the levels of skills available in that country. South Africa has a stark shortage of skilled individuals due to an inadequate and failing education system (Horwitz, 2013). As a response to this problem the South African government actively incentivises organisations to develop the skillset of their employees in order to build a strong economy, improve job creation and promote social development (Department of Higher Education and Training, 2019). It is therefore important that all stakeholders involved yield a return on this investment. It is also a global phenomenon that an increasing number of fulltime employees are also engaging in formal further studies due to the rapid changes in the labour market. For example, advancements in technology have had a major impact on traditional business models and the roles, and skills needed. These employees are referred to as non-traditional students and are the subject of this study. Research shows that trying to manage both work and school simultaneously can cause psychological strain for non-traditional students (Adebayo et al., 2008). The psychosocial safety climate (PSC) is an emerging construct which refers to the shared perceptions regarding policies, practices and procedures designed to protect the psychological health of employees (Dollard et al., 2012). This study builds on existing research in the work - school interface by investigating its application within the South African context. Participants in this research (n=127), comprised of non-traditional students (n=40) and employees who are not engaged in further studies (n=87). Correlation analysis demonstrated that PSC had a positive relationship with work school facilitation (WSF) and a negative relationship with work school conflict (WSC). It was further confirmed that job control (JC) mediated the relationship between PSC and WSF and that PSC mediated the relationship between JC and WSF. These findings show that PSC is an antecedent to the work school interface in that it promotes the positive outcomes of studying while working (work school facilitation). It further demonstrates that PSC also reduces the negative outcomes (work school conflict). This study confirmed that the working environment plays a crucial role in the work school interface and introduces PSC as a construct South African organisations should be concerned with and make a priority, based on the resources it provides employees, more especially their non-traditional students. This study's findings will add to the existing body of research and provide practical insights for enhancing the PSC application within South African organisations who have non-traditional students.

La présente thèse porte sur le harcèlement moral au travail (HMT). Elle a pour objectif d’étudier d’une part ses effets sur la justice organisationnelle (JO), le climat de sécurité psychosociale (PSC), la détresse psychologique, l’intention de quitter l’entreprise et l’engagement affectif. D’autre part, elle cherche à étudier le rôle médiateur du soutien social de la hiérarchie et de la théorie de l’autodétermination (TAD) (satisfaction et frustration des besoins psychologiques).Afin de répondre à ces objectifs, trois études ont été réalisées. La première étude évalue d’une part les effets du HMT sur la détresse psychologique et l’intention de quitter l’entreprise et, d’autre part,le rôle médiateur du soutien social de la hiérarchie. La deuxième étude propose de tester le rôle médiateur de la satisfaction des besoins psychologiques entre les inducteurs organisationnels (HMTet JO) et individuels (l’intention de quitter l’entreprise et l’engagement affectif). Une troisième étude examine, les effets du HMT et le PSC sur les inducteurs individuels (l’intention de quitter l’entreprise et l’engagement affectif) dans le secteur de la santé. Cette dernière étude montre également le rôle médiateur de la frustration des besoins psychologiques. Pour conclure, les résultats de la thèse montrent l'impact négatif du HMT et d'autres facteurs tels que l'OJ et PSC chez les salariés. Soulignons que ces résultats révèlent également que les besoins psychologiques(satisfaction et frustration) jouent un rôle déterminant en milieu organisationnel. La discussion générale de la thèse dégage les implications et les conclusions découlant des études. / This thesis deals with workplace bullying (WB). It aims to study on one hand its effects onorganizational justice (OJ), psychosocial safety climate (PSC), psychological distress, intention toleave the company and emotional commitment. On the other hand, it seeks to study the mediatingrole of the social support of the hierarchy and the theory of self-determination (SDT) (psychologicalneed satisfaction and frustration). To meet these objectives, three studies were conducted. The firststudy evaluates, firstly, the effects of WB on psychological distress and the intention to leave thecompany and secondly the mediating role of the social support of the hierarchy. The second studyproposes to test the mediating role of the satisfaction of psychological needs between theorganizational and individual inducers (WB, OJ, the intention to leave the company and theemotional commitment). A third study examines the effects of BWP and PSC on individual inducers(intention to leave the company and emotional engagement) in the health sector. This last study alsobrings out the mediating role of the frustration of psychological needs. In conclusion, the results ofthe thesis attest the negative impact of bullying at work and other factors such as OJ and PSCamong employees. It should be noted that these results also reveal that psychological needs(satisfaction and frustration) play a determinant role in an organizational environment. The generaldiscussion of the thesis therefore releases the implications and conclusions of the studies.