Psychotropic medication use is widely implicated as a risk factor for injuries, and it is believed that the adverse effect profiles of these medications are exacerbated by the consumption of alcohol. The objectives of this study are (a) to examine the associations between the use of specific classes of psychotropic medications and injuries among elderly participants of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), and (b) to determine whether and how associations between psychotropic medications and injuries are modified by the consumption of alcohol. Data from Cycles 1 (1994/95), 2 (1996/97), and 3 (1998/99) of the NPHS household longitudinal file were used in this study, selecting community-dwelling participants aged 65 years of age and older in 1994/95. Among antidepressant medications, the magnitude of the risk of injuries was higher for users of tricyclic derivatives (OR=1.4; 95%CI: 0.7 – 2.9) than SSRIs (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1 – 1.0). Benzodiazepine use for any indication increased the risk of injuries, but that effect was not consistent across indications. The use of benzodiazepine antianxiety medications resulted in an increased risk of injuries (OR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.3 – 3.1), but there were no significant effects on the injury risk among benzodiazepine hypnotic and sedative users (OR=0.8; 95%CI: 0.4 – 1.7). Results pertaining to the second objective of this study raised as many questions as they resolved. Alcohol consumption decreased the odds of injury among hypnotic and sedative users, but otherwise, no consistent results were observed. Findings from this study underscore the importance of identifying appropriate alcohol measures for research among elderly populations. They also stress the need to separately consider the impact of different classes of psychotropic medications on injuries (tricyclic antidepressants separate from SSRI antidepressants and antianxiety benzodiazepines separate from hypnotic and sedative benzodiazepines).

Psychotropic medication use is widely implicated as a risk factor for injuries, and it is believed that the adverse effect profiles of these medications are exacerbated by the consumption of alcohol. The objectives of this study are (a) to examine the associations between the use of specific classes of psychotropic medications and injuries among elderly participants of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), and (b) to determine whether and how associations between psychotropic medications and injuries are modified by the consumption of alcohol. Data from Cycles 1 (1994/95), 2 (1996/97), and 3 (1998/99) of the NPHS household longitudinal file were used in this study, selecting community-dwelling participants aged 65 years of age and older in 1994/95. Among antidepressant medications, the magnitude of the risk of injuries was higher for users of tricyclic derivatives (OR=1.4; 95%CI: 0.7 – 2.9) than SSRIs (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1 – 1.0). Benzodiazepine use for any indication increased the risk of injuries, but that effect was not consistent across indications. The use of benzodiazepine antianxiety medications resulted in an increased risk of injuries (OR=2.0; 95%CI: 1.3 – 3.1), but there were no significant effects on the injury risk among benzodiazepine hypnotic and sedative users (OR=0.8; 95%CI: 0.4 – 1.7). Results pertaining to the second objective of this study raised as many questions as they resolved. Alcohol consumption decreased the odds of injury among hypnotic and sedative users, but otherwise, no consistent results were observed. Findings from this study underscore the importance of identifying appropriate alcohol measures for research among elderly populations. They also stress the need to separately consider the impact of different classes of psychotropic medications on injuries (tricyclic antidepressants separate from SSRI antidepressants and antianxiety benzodiazepines separate from hypnotic and sedative benzodiazepines).

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti sergančiųjų 2 tipo diabetu su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės sąsajas su emocine įtampa ir psichotropinių medžiagų vartojimu. Tyrime iš viso dalyvavo 149 asmenys, sergantys 2 tipo diabetu (57 vyrai ir 92 moterys). 56 tiriamieji buvo iš diabeto klubų (37 – Marijampolės „Diabetikas ABC“ ir 28 – Jonavos „Ramunė“). Taip gavus prof. A. Goštauto leidimą, buvo naudoti 84 tiriamųjų duomenys, paimti iš archyvinių duomenų, surinktų iniciatyvinių tyrimų, atliktų 2009 m. KMU Endorinologijos klinikoje Diabetologijos skyriuje besigydančiais ligoniais sergančiais 2 tipo diabetu, metu. Tiriamieji užpildė Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės klausimyną (PSOGK-100). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, sergantys 2 tipo diabetu vyrai ir moterys, patiriantys daugiau emocinės įtampos, savo su sveikata susijusią gyvenimo kokybę vertina prasčiau, nei patiriantys mažiau emocinės įtampos. Prastesni savo su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės vertinimai pastebėti ir rūkančių vyrų bei alkoholį vartojančių moterų grupėse. Tuo tarpu rūkančių moterų ir alkoholį vartojančių vyrų grupėse su sveikata susijusios gyvenimo kokybės įvertinimai yra geresni. Taip pat sergantys 2 tipo diabetu vyrai ir moterys, kurie rūko, patiria daugiau emocinės įtampos, nei tie, kurie nerūko ir atvirkščiai. Sergančių 2 tipo diabetu vyrų ir moterų, vartojančių ir nevartojančių alkoholio, tarp patiriamos emocinės įtampos statistiškai patikimų skirtumų nerasta. Sergančių 2... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to assess the relations between health-related quality of life, emotional tension and psychotropic substances consumption in people with type 2 diabetes. The subjects of the study were 149 people with type 2 diabetes (57 men and 92 women), 56 subjects were from diabetes clubs (37 from Marijampolė club „Diabetikas ABC“ and 28 from Jonava club „Ramunė“). Also after receiving permission from prof. A. Goštautas, 84 archival cases, which taken from KMU Endokrinology clinic Department of Diabetology‘s patiens with type 2 diabetes, was used in this study. The subjects completed World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQoL-100). The results of the study showed that men and women with type 2 diabetes who reported more emotional tension rated their health-related quality of life poorer than those who reported less emotional tension. Though smoking men and alcohol consuming women rated their health-related quality of life poorer, smoking women and alcohol consuming men rated their health-related quality of life higher. Also smoking men and women with type 2 diabetes reported more emotional tension than non-smokers and vice versa. There were found no relations between emotional tension and alcohol consumption in both men and woman. Men with type 2 diabetes rated their health-related quality of life higher compared with women. Also more men than women were smokers and alcohol consumers. There were found no differences between men and women... [to full text]

Background: Drug utilisation among the elderly is complex due to multiplemorbidities, extensive drug utilisation and an increased sensitivity to drugs. One of the most common drug groups utilised in this population is psychotropic drugs, which include antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, and antidepressants. In appropriat eutilisation of drugs among the elderly is an issue of great public health importance. Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to assess and analyse potentially in appropriat eutilisation of psychotropic drugs among the elderly in Sweden. The specific aims are to assess to what extent the indicator “concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs”captures the utilisation of Potentially Inappropriate Psychotropics (PIP) among theelderly, and to analyse potentially inappropriate utilisation of psychotropic drugs inrelation to time, mental disorders, institutionalisation, and socioeconomic determinants among the elderly in Sweden. Methods: Data from individual-based registers on dispensed drugs and socioeconomic determinants in 2006, the Gothenburg 95+ Study (1996-1998), and aggregated drug sales statistics from 2000-2008 were used. The agreement between the two indicators“concurrent use of three or more psychotropic drugs” and PIP was assessed. Utilisationof psychotropic drugs and PIP was assessed in relation to mental disorders and institutionalisation among the 95-year olds, and in relation to socioeconomic determinants among individuals aged 75 years and older. Further, trends over time inutilisation of PIP and recommended drugs were analysed. Results: During 2006, about half of the elderly aged 75 years and older utilised psychotropic drugs and one fifth of all elderly utilised PIP. One fourth of individualsutilising PIP were captured by the indicator “concurrent use of three or morepsychotropic drugs”. In 1996-1998, less than one tenth of the 95-year olds with depression utilised antidepressants, while hypnotics and anxiolytics were more common. Individuals with low income and the non-married were more likely to utilise PIP compared to those with high income and the married, respectively. During 2000-2008, utilisation of PIP decreased and utilisation of recommended psychotropic drugs increased. Conclusions: There are substantial problems in the utilisation of psychotropic drugsamong the elderly. This thesis found that the agreement between two indicators of inappropriate psychotropic drug utilisation was poor, which emphasises the importance of choosing relevant indicators. The findings also show socioeconomic inequities inpsychotropic drug utilisation among the elderly, a low utilisation of antidepressants among 95-year olds diagnosed with depression, and a trend towards the utilisation of recommended rather than inappropriate psychotropic drugs among the elderly / Bakgrund: Användning av läkemedel bland äldre är komplicerat på grund avmultisjuklighet, användning av flera läkemedel och en ökad känslighet för läkemedel.En av de vanligaste läkemedelsgrupperna hos äldre är psykofarmaka, som inkluderarantipsykotika, ångestdämpande, sömnmedel och antidepressiva läkemedel. Olämpliganvändning av läkemedel bland äldre är ett betydande folkhälsoproblem. Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och analyserapotentiellt olämplig användning av psykofarmaka bland äldre i Sverige. De specifikasyftena är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning indikatorn ”samtidig användning av treeller fler psykofarmaka” fångar användningen av potentiellt olämpliga psykofarmaka(PIP) bland äldre och att analysera potentiellt olämplig användning av psykofarmaka irelation till förändring över tid, psykiatriska diagnoser, boendeform och socioekonomiska determinanter bland äldre i Sverige. Metod: Avhandlingen baseras på data från individbaserade register över läkemedelsköp och socioekonomiska determinanter under 2006, Göteborg 95+ studien (1996-1998)samt aggregerade data över läkemedelsförsäljning under 2000-2008. Överensstämmelsen mellan de två indikatorerna ”samtidig användning av tre eller flerpsykofarmaka” och PIP undersöktes. Användning av psykofarmaka och PIP studerades i relation till psykiatriska diagnoser och boendeform hos 95-åringar och i relation till socioekonomiska determinanter hos de som var 75 år och äldre. Vidare analyseradesförändring över tid i användning av PIP och rekommenderade psykofarmaka. Resultat: Hälften av alla äldre som var 75 år och äldre använde psykofarmaka under2006 och en femtedel av alla äldre använde PIP. En fjärdedel av individerna somanvände PIP fångades av indikatorn ”samtidig användning av tre eller flerpsykofarmaka”. Bland 95-åringarna med depression år 1996-1998 använde färre än enav tio antidepressiva läkemedel, medan sömnmedel och ångestdämpande läkemedel varvanligare. PIP var vanligare hos de äldre med låg inkomst och bland de som inte vargifta, jämfört med individer med hög inkomst och de gifta. Under 2000-2008 minskade användningen av PIP medan användningen av rekommenderade psykofarmaka ökade. Slutsatser: Det finns fortfarande stora problem i äldres användning av psykofarmaka.Avhandlingen visar en låg överensstämmelse mellan två indikatorer för olämpliganvändning av psykofarmaka, vilket pekar på betydelsen av att välja relevantaindikatorer. Avhandlingen visar också på socioekonomiska ojämlikheter i användningenav psykofarmaka hos äldre, en låg användning av antidepressiva läkemedel bland 95-åringar med depression och en ökning i användningen av rekommenderade istället förolämpliga psykofarmaka bland äldre

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introdução: A preocupação em torno do uso irracional de psicofármacos tem sido observada em diversos países, constituindo-se uma questão importante para a saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, a promoção do uso racional de psicofármacos é um desafio para a atenção primária, sendo importante caracterizar sua dimensão psicossocial. Objetivos. O artigo 1, com características descritivas, tem como objetivo caracterizar o uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família segundo a presença de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e segundo as principais características socioeconômicas e demográficas. O artigo 2, com um caráter analítico, tem como objetivo avaliar o papel da rede social no uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo a presença de TMC. Métodos O estudo utiliza um delineamento seccional e abarca a primeira fase de coleta de dados de dois estudos em saúde mental na atenção primária. Esta se deu em 2006/2007 para o estudo 1 (Petrópolis, n= 2.104) e em 2009/2010 para o estudo2 (São Paulo, n =410, Rio de Janeiro, n= 703, Fortaleza , n=149 e Porto Alegre, n= 163 participantes). Ambos os estudos possuem o mesmo formato no que se refere à coleta de dados, seu processamento e revisão, resultando em uma amostra de 3.293 mulheres atendidas em unidades de saúde da família de cinco diferentes cidades do país. Um questionário objetivo com perguntas fechadas foi utilizado para a coleta de informações socioeconômicas e demográficas. O uso de psicofármacos foi avaliado através de uma pergunta aberta baseada no auto-relato do uso de medicamentos. A presença de TMC foi investigada através do General Health Questionnaire, em sua versão reduzida (GHQ-12). O nível de integração social foi aferido através do índice de rede social (IRS), calculado a partir de perguntas sobre rede social acrescentado ao questionário geral. No estudo descritivo (artigo 1), a frequência do uso de antidepressivos e o uso de benzodiazepínicos na população de estudo foram calculadas para cada cidade, tal como a frequência do uso destes psicofármacos entre as pacientes com transtornos mentais comuns. A distribuição do uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo as principais características socioeconômicas, demográficas e segundo transtornos mentais comuns foi avaliada através do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. No estudo analítico (artigo 2), a associação entre o nível de integração social e o uso exclusivo de cada um dos psicofármacos foi analisada através da regressão logística multivariada, com estratificação segundo a presença de TMC. Resultados: A frequência do uso de psicofármacos foi bastante heterogênea entre as cidades, destacando-se, porém, a importância do uso de benzodiazepínicos frente ao uso de antidepressivos em sua maioria. A proporção do uso de psicofármacos, sobretudo antidepressivos, foi predominantemente baixa entre as pacientes com TMC. Entre elas, o uso de antidepressivos mostrou-se positivamente associado ao isolamento social, enquanto o uso de benzodiazepínicos associou-se negativamente a este. Conclusão: Os resultados colaboram para a caracterização do uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família e para a discussão acerca de sua racionalidade. Destaca-se a importância de avaliar a dimensão psicossocial que envolve o uso destas substâncias com vistas ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de cuidado mais efetivas / Introduction: Concerns about irrational use of psychotropic drugs has been observed in many countries, becoming an important issue for global public health. In Brazil, the promotion of rational use of psychotropic drugs is a challenge for primary care, therefore it is important to characterize its psychosocial dimension. Objectives This dissertation consists of two articles. Article 1, with descriptive characteristics, aims to characterize the use of psychotropic drugs in family health units, according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders (CMD). Article 2, with an analytical character, aims to evaluate the role of social networks in the use of each of these psychotropic drugs, according to the presence of CMD. Methods The study has a cross-sectional design and integrates baseline data from two previous studies on mental health in primary care . Data collection took place in 2006/2007 for the study 1 (Petropolis, n = 2.104) and in 2009/2010 for the study2 (São Paulo, n = 410, Rio de Janeiro, n = 703, Fortaleza - n = 149 and Porto Alegre, n = 163 participants). Although performed in different periods, both studies have the same format as regards data collection, processing and review, resulting in a sample of 3293 women attending family health units from five different cities. An objective questionnaire with closed questions was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic information. Psychotropic use was assessed through an open-ended question based on self-reporting of drug use. The presence of CMD was investigated by the General Health Questionnaire in its reduced version (GHQ-12). The level of social integration was evaluated through the social network index (IRS), calculated from questions about social network added to the general questionnaire. In the descriptive study (Article 1), the frequency of antidepressants and benzodiazepines use in the study population were calculated for each city, such as the frequency of the use of psychotropic drugs among patients with common mental disorders. The distribution of the use of each of these psychoactive drugs according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders was assessed by Pearsons chi-square test. In the analytical study (Article 2), the association between the level of social integration and the exclusive use of each of psychotropic drugs was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, stratified according to the presence of TMC. Results: The frequency of psychotropic medication use was quite heterogeneous among cities, emphasizing, however, the importance of the use of benzodiazepines against the use of antidepressants in most of the cities. The proportion of use of psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, was predominantly low among patients with CMD. Among these, antidepressants use was positively associated with social isolation, while benzodiazepines use was negatively associated. Conclusion: This study collaborates to characterize the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in family health units and to discuss about their rationality. The results highlight the importance of assessing the psychosocial dimension that involves the use of these substances in order to develop strategies to promote its rational use in primary care.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Introdução: A preocupação em torno do uso irracional de psicofármacos tem sido observada em diversos países, constituindo-se uma questão importante para a saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, a promoção do uso racional de psicofármacos é um desafio para a atenção primária, sendo importante caracterizar sua dimensão psicossocial. Objetivos. O artigo 1, com características descritivas, tem como objetivo caracterizar o uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família segundo a presença de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) e segundo as principais características socioeconômicas e demográficas. O artigo 2, com um caráter analítico, tem como objetivo avaliar o papel da rede social no uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo a presença de TMC. Métodos O estudo utiliza um delineamento seccional e abarca a primeira fase de coleta de dados de dois estudos em saúde mental na atenção primária. Esta se deu em 2006/2007 para o estudo 1 (Petrópolis, n= 2.104) e em 2009/2010 para o estudo2 (São Paulo, n =410, Rio de Janeiro, n= 703, Fortaleza , n=149 e Porto Alegre, n= 163 participantes). Ambos os estudos possuem o mesmo formato no que se refere à coleta de dados, seu processamento e revisão, resultando em uma amostra de 3.293 mulheres atendidas em unidades de saúde da família de cinco diferentes cidades do país. Um questionário objetivo com perguntas fechadas foi utilizado para a coleta de informações socioeconômicas e demográficas. O uso de psicofármacos foi avaliado através de uma pergunta aberta baseada no auto-relato do uso de medicamentos. A presença de TMC foi investigada através do General Health Questionnaire, em sua versão reduzida (GHQ-12). O nível de integração social foi aferido através do índice de rede social (IRS), calculado a partir de perguntas sobre rede social acrescentado ao questionário geral. No estudo descritivo (artigo 1), a frequência do uso de antidepressivos e o uso de benzodiazepínicos na população de estudo foram calculadas para cada cidade, tal como a frequência do uso destes psicofármacos entre as pacientes com transtornos mentais comuns. A distribuição do uso de cada um destes psicofármacos segundo as principais características socioeconômicas, demográficas e segundo transtornos mentais comuns foi avaliada através do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. No estudo analítico (artigo 2), a associação entre o nível de integração social e o uso exclusivo de cada um dos psicofármacos foi analisada através da regressão logística multivariada, com estratificação segundo a presença de TMC. Resultados: A frequência do uso de psicofármacos foi bastante heterogênea entre as cidades, destacando-se, porém, a importância do uso de benzodiazepínicos frente ao uso de antidepressivos em sua maioria. A proporção do uso de psicofármacos, sobretudo antidepressivos, foi predominantemente baixa entre as pacientes com TMC. Entre elas, o uso de antidepressivos mostrou-se positivamente associado ao isolamento social, enquanto o uso de benzodiazepínicos associou-se negativamente a este. Conclusão: Os resultados colaboram para a caracterização do uso de psicofármacos em unidades de saúde da família e para a discussão acerca de sua racionalidade. Destaca-se a importância de avaliar a dimensão psicossocial que envolve o uso destas substâncias com vistas ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de cuidado mais efetivas / Introduction: Concerns about irrational use of psychotropic drugs has been observed in many countries, becoming an important issue for global public health. In Brazil, the promotion of rational use of psychotropic drugs is a challenge for primary care, therefore it is important to characterize its psychosocial dimension. Objectives This dissertation consists of two articles. Article 1, with descriptive characteristics, aims to characterize the use of psychotropic drugs in family health units, according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders (CMD). Article 2, with an analytical character, aims to evaluate the role of social networks in the use of each of these psychotropic drugs, according to the presence of CMD. Methods The study has a cross-sectional design and integrates baseline data from two previous studies on mental health in primary care . Data collection took place in 2006/2007 for the study 1 (Petropolis, n = 2.104) and in 2009/2010 for the study2 (São Paulo, n = 410, Rio de Janeiro, n = 703, Fortaleza - n = 149 and Porto Alegre, n = 163 participants). Although performed in different periods, both studies have the same format as regards data collection, processing and review, resulting in a sample of 3293 women attending family health units from five different cities. An objective questionnaire with closed questions was used to collect socioeconomic and demographic information. Psychotropic use was assessed through an open-ended question based on self-reporting of drug use. The presence of CMD was investigated by the General Health Questionnaire in its reduced version (GHQ-12). The level of social integration was evaluated through the social network index (IRS), calculated from questions about social network added to the general questionnaire. In the descriptive study (Article 1), the frequency of antidepressants and benzodiazepines use in the study population were calculated for each city, such as the frequency of the use of psychotropic drugs among patients with common mental disorders. The distribution of the use of each of these psychoactive drugs according to major socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and according to the presence of common mental disorders was assessed by Pearsons chi-square test. In the analytical study (Article 2), the association between the level of social integration and the exclusive use of each of psychotropic drugs was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression, stratified according to the presence of TMC. Results: The frequency of psychotropic medication use was quite heterogeneous among cities, emphasizing, however, the importance of the use of benzodiazepines against the use of antidepressants in most of the cities. The proportion of use of psychotropic medication, particularly antidepressants, was predominantly low among patients with CMD. Among these, antidepressants use was positively associated with social isolation, while benzodiazepines use was negatively associated. Conclusion: This study collaborates to characterize the use of antidepressants and benzodiazepines in family health units and to discuss about their rationality. The results highlight the importance of assessing the psychosocial dimension that involves the use of these substances in order to develop strategies to promote its rational use in primary care.