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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
341

Ældres opfattelse og håndtering af at falde samt motivation for faldforebyggende tiltag / Older people’s perception of and coping with falling, and motivation for fall-prevention initiative

Høst, Dorte January 2009 (has links)
Formål: Formålet var at beskrive variationen i ældres opfattelse af at falde, hvordan ældre håndterede fald, samt hvad der påvirkede ældres motivation til at deltage i faldforebyggende tiltag med henblik på at kunne målrette fremtidige indsatser. Metode: Der blev foretaget en kvalitativ interviewundersøgelse med 14 ældre mennesker over 65 år som efter et fald henvendte sig på en skadestue på et universitetshospital i Danmark. Fænomenografi blev anvendt som analysemetode. Resultater: Der blev dannet fem beskrivende kategorier med tilsammen 15 underkategorier. De fem kategorier var: Følelsesmæssig opfattelse af at falde; at falde har konsekvenser; tager hånd om situationen; støtte fra omgivelserne; og motivation og demotivation.Undersøgelsen viste variation i ældres opfattelse af at falde. De ældre accepterede at falde fordi de var blevet ældre. Opfattelsen var, at fald både var flovt og pinligt og havde en forklaring. Nogle ældre oplevede frygten for at falde som dominerende. De ældre opfattede ikke fald som en risikofaktor, der skulle tages hånd om, men håndterede situationen ved at begrænse deres bevægemuligheder eller ved at fravælge aktiviteter. Hvis kravene oversteg de ældres ressourcer, søgte de hjælp fra de pårørende eller den praktiserende læge. De ældre fik støtte, anerkendelse og accept til at foretage valgene af omgivelserne. De ældre blev motiveret af forhold, som autonomi, kompetence og sociale relationer og foretrak aktiviteter, der spredte glæde og nydelse og helst i sociale sammenhænge. De ældre værnede om deres identitet med at ville være medbestemmende om, hvad de deltog i, men mødte forhold i omgivelserne, som var hæmmende for deres motivation. Konklusion: Fremtidige faldforebyggende tiltag skal målrettes ældres behov og tage højde for, at der ikke er én måde men mange måder at opfatte fald på, og at ældre i høj grad selv klarer at håndtere fald, men at de valgte strategier, ikke nødvendigvis er de mest hensigtsmæssige. De ældres netværk og den praktiserende læge kan med fordel spille en aktiv rolle i forbindelse med faldforebyggelse. Ved planlægningen af faldforebyggende interventioner skal der tages hensyn til, at ældres motivation påvirkes af, i hvilken omfang programmerne understøtter de ældres behov for autonomi, kompetence og sociale relationer. / Aim: This study aimed to describe variations in elderly people’s perceptions of falling, and how they coped with falls. To target future initiatives to needs of the elderly, we also sought to determine what motivated them to participate in fall-prevention initiatives. Method: We collected data using semi-structured interviews with 14 elderly individuals (65 years +) who had contacted the emergency ward at a university hospital in Denmark. We analyzed the data using a phenomenographic approach that focused on describing varying perceptions by the elderly on the phenomenon of “falling.” Results: Five categories and 15 subcategories emerged from the interviews. The five main categories included emotional perceptions of falling; falling has consequences; handling the situation; support from the social network; motivation and demotivation. The study showed that older people’s perceptions of falling vary. Individuals accepted falling because they had become older. Falls were embarrassing and could be explained. The fear of falling was the foremost concern of some individuals. The elderly did consider falls a meaningful risk factor, but coped by restricting movements or dropping activities to prevent falls in the future. If demands exceeded resources, they asked their relatives or the GP for help. The elderly gained support, approval, and acceptance from their social network when deciding which coping strategies to use. The elderly were motivated by autonomy, competence, and relatedness and they preferred activities that increased happiness and enjoyment, preferably in a social atmosphere. The elderly protected their identity self-determining their activities, but they often encountered factors in their surroundings that restricted motivation. Conclusion: Future fall-prevention initiatives must target the needs of the elderly and consider that there are not one but many ways of perceiving falling. Further, the coping strategies that elderly individuals develop are not necessarily convenient. Social networks and the GP can play active roles in encouraging the elderly to participate in fall-prevention initiatives. When planning fall-prevention interventions, one should consider the extent to which such programs support the elderly individual’s need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, because these factors affect motivation. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-70-2</p>
342

The role of organizational culture in employees´ work-life balance as an aspect of health

Olafsdottir, Steingerdur January 2008 (has links)
Organizational culture defines how employees should behave in a given set of circumstances. The purpose of this study involved analyzing the organizational culture of an Icelandic software consultancy company in relation to employees´ work-life balance as an aspect of health, and explaining the process for creating and sustaining a supportive work-life culture. Achieving this purpose required answers to several research questions, What are the components of the existing organizational culture? What is the managers´ role in creating and sustaining this organizational culture? What are the challenges in sustaining this organizational culture? This case study used both quantitative and qualitative methods, and four data sources for triangulation purposes. The methodological approaches included a questionnaire-based survey, completed by 72 employees (90%); semi-structured interviews with eight employees; observations conducted during two separate weeks; and document analysis of various documents dating back a maximum of two years. The results suggest that the case organization´s culture was work-life supportive, i.e., the organization supported and valued employees´ integration of work and private life. The components of the existing organizational culture were defined as: fun, ambition, flexibility, international character, openness, cooperation, informality, flat organizational structure, responsibility, trust, understanding, support, and pride. The managers´ role in creating and sustaining this culture involved availability, supportiveness, understanding, trusting, and giving feedback. Among the main challenges in sustaining the culture was the growth of the organization, which could affect considerably the informal culture. Description of the components of the case organization’s existing culture includes description of the culture’s enablers, according to the purpose of explaining how a supportive work-life culture can be created and sustained. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-57-3</p>
343

Does it matter where and when you will be trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation? : A study on CPR skills in Finland

Kämäräinen, Leena January 2005 (has links)
The aim of the study was to look at the psychomotor skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and relate the results to sex, age and type of training. Place of training had three different categories: training at Finnish Red Cross (FRC) courses for general public, training at workplace or training at both places. The study was conducted on 310 trainees on different first aid courses and events in Finland. The psychomotor skills were evaluated by observation with help of a CPR evaluation standardized checklist with 11 moments. Age showed to have an impact on the skills. Age groups 20, 30 and 40 performed the skills better than the age group 50 and above. To explain the difference with anxiety is not likely, as 41.1 % of the trainees informed not to be afraid in a real situation and only 27.8% answered to be or did not know if they would be afraid. More likely the difference can be explained by self confidence to act as well as by the fact that different age groups need different teaching methods. Repeating has also a big role with the competence. Trainees with health care background or active at FRC succeeded to get better results. They also managed better with the essential moments like calling for help and opening the airways. Obvious is that those with 3-6 passed first aid courses managed to get better results than those with 0-2 courses. Motivation to have skills in CPR have an impact when comparing the skills and place where you got the training. All 11 moments right had 43.8% of the trainees who got their training at a FRC course, and 28.0% of those who were trained at workplace. Same difference can be shown when comparing skills with the essential moment, opening the airways. Out of the trainees at FRC courses 89.9% performed it right and 62.7% of trainees at courses at workplaces. When evaluating the skills it is just not enough to look at the right moments, but as well at the crucial, life saving, measures. In order to save more lives by CPR training an essential factor in the training is confidence to intervene in the event as well as repetition together with different teaching methods for different target groups. CPR skill tests are an important tool for the future development of the quality of the teachers. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-096-6</p>
344

Att bli jämngammal med sin mamma : Unga kvinnors upplevelser av bröstcancerbehandling / To be at the same age as your mother : Young women’s experiences of breast cancer treatment

Klaeson, Kicki January 2005 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva unga kvinnors upplevelser av förtidig menopausefter cytostatika- och/eller hormonbehandling. Ett ytterligare syfte var att beskriva hursexualiteten upplevdes efter dessa behandlingar. Undersökningen genomfördes i två etapper med fenomenologisk metod. Öppna individuella intervjuer valdes i delstudie 1. I delstudie 2 användes fokusgrupp. Sammanlagt deltog nio kvinnor i studien. Dessa kvinnor var yngre än 45 år vid diagnosen och hade slutat att menstruera pga. behandling. Essensen befanns vara: Att inte känna igen sig själv, med delkomponenterna den fertila sexuella kroppen, den åldrande kroppen, sårbarhet och bekräftelse. I fokugruppsintervjun utvecklades essensen: Utanförskap med delkomponenterna att inte vara hemma i sin egen ålder, stigma, sexuell lust och intima relationer, existentiell oro samtbekräftelse. Slutsatsen som dras är att man inom sjukvården bör utveckla samtalsformer som riktar uppmärksamhet mot dessa kvinnors upplevelser av identitetsförvirring och utanförskap. Vissa data tydde på att kunskap omsexualitet samt kroppskännedom mildrade de upplevda svårigheterna. / The purpose of this study was to describe young women’s experiences of premature menopause after chemotherapy and/or treatment of hormones. A further purpose was to describe the women’s experiences of sexuality due to these treatments. The study was conducted in two steps with phenomenological method. Unstructured individual interviews were chosen in part 1. In part 2 focus group interviews were used. Nine women in all participated in the study. These women were younger than 45 years at time of diagnoses and had stopped menstruate due to treatment. The essence that emerged: Not recognizing oneself consisting of the following components: the fertile body, the aging body, vulnerability and confirmation. In the focus group the essence turned out to be: feeling marginalized consisting of the following components: not being at home in your own age, stigma, desire and intimate relationships, existential anxiety and confirmation. The conclusion was that health care services should provide room for the women to discuss feelings of identity confusion and marginalization. Some data indicated that beeing knowledgable about sexuality and the functioning of one’s own body helped in coping with the difficulties caused by drug-induced menopaus / <p>ISBN 91-7997-104-0</p>
345

DU90 for the assessmentof drug prescribing in primary care / DU90 för utvärdering av läkemedelsförskrivningen i primärvården

Popa, Cornelia January 2005 (has links)
Prescribing of drugs is an integral component of health care. In ideal situations drug prescribing constitute safe, effective, and inexpensive treatment alternatives for many conditions. However, poor and inappropriate prescribing is associated with illness and increased costs that can have an important impact at population level. Therefore, evaluation of the quality of drug prescribing is an important part of the process to improve quality in health care delivery. "Drug Utilisation 90%" (DU90) is an innovative approach to assess drug prescribing. Using this approach the drugs that represent 90% of the drug prescription/sales volume are identified. The rationale behind the development of DU90 rests on an assumption that a low number of products prescribed is associated with more rational prescribing practices. Furthermore, the approach can be used to asses what proportion of the drugs that represent 90% of the volume is made up by drugs recommended by local drug committees. In this essay, a feasibility study of DU90 is presented. Furthermore, the usefulness of DU90 as an indicator for quality assessment is discussed. It is concluded that DU90 does not directly reflect the quality of prescribing but it seems to be an useful tool in the quality assessment process through indicating areas that need to be analysed in more depth. The approach can be used for exploring drug prescribing data in a rapid, effective and inexpensive way / Läkemedelsförskrivningen är en viktig komponent inom sjukvården. Använd på rätt sätt är den en relativt säker, effektiv och mindre kostsam form av behandling jämförd med andra terapeutiska åtgärder. Utvärderingen av kvaliteten på läkemedelsförskrivningen är en viktig insats eftersom dålig läkemedelsförskrivning kan leda till onödig sjuklighet för patienten och ökade kostnader för samhället. Drug Utilisation 90 % (DU90) är en ny metod för utvärderingen av läkemedelsförskrivningen. Med hjälp av denna metod identifieras de läkemedel som utgör 90 % av förskrivnings/försäljningsvolymen. Konceptet har utvecklats baserat på antagandet att användning av få produkter är associerat med en mer rationell läkemedelsförskrivning. Baserad på DU90 kan även följsamheten till listan på rekommenderade läkemedel som utfärdas periodvis av Läkemedelskommittéerna, utvärderas inom 90 % av förskrivnings-/försäljningsvolymen. I denna uppsats presenteras en pilotstudie av användbarheten av DU90. Vidare diskuteras DU90 som indikator för kvalitetsutvärdering. Sammanfattningsvis dras slutsatsen att DU90 inte direkt reflekterar kvaliteten på läkemedelsförskrivningen men verkar vara ett användbart verktyg eftersom det kan ge värdefull indikation på terapiområden som behöver vidare analys. DU90 förefaller vara ett snabbt, effektivt och billigt instrument för utvärdering av förskrivningsdata. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-105-9</p>
346

Finnes det kunnskap om hvordan rusmiddelproblemer kan påvirke de pårørende? / Is there knowledge about how an addiction can affect relatives?

Dahl, Per Gunnar January 2008 (has links)
Formålet vil være å beskrive og analysere med utgangspunkt i intervjuer av seks fagmedarbeidere fra fire nordiske land om hvilken kunnskap man har om hvordan en persons rusmiddelmisbruk kan påvirke de pårørende. Funnene diksuteres mot funn i teori og empiri fra funn i dokumenter, artikler og annen forskning. Metode: Studien er gjort med 6 kvalitative intervjuer i fire nordiske land og  underlagt en hypotesegenerende analyse ved bruk av Grounded Theory. Funnene er satt inn i en diskusjon men funn fra søk i annen teori og forskning. Resultater: Hovedfunnene viser at de fire nordiske land finnes en tydelig kunnskap om hvordan en persons rusmiddelbruk kan påvirke andre i en negativ retning. Funn her viser at for hver misbruker kan i gjennomsnittet tre personer få reaksjoner og symptomer direkte knyttet til misbrukerens atferd og problemer. Om lag 80 millioner mennesker globalt har et alvorlig rusmiddelproblem og forsiktige analyser antyder at over 200 millioner pårørende globalt berøres av en annens persons rusmiddelproblemer. Det er dokumentert at det særlig er tre grupper av problemstillinger som gjøres gjeldende på pårørende. Det er særlig skader og belastninger som i indirekte og direkte gir somatoforme symptomer hos voksne og særlig belastninger som følge av skader og vold mot ektefeller/samboere og barn. Familier som lever med rusmiddelmisbruk opplever et høyt stressnivå og har tydelige spor av å leve med et høyt stressnivå. Konklusjoner: De fire nordiske land har kunnskap om hvordan pårørende blir utsatt for store psykiske og fysiske påkjenninger. I de fire nordiske land er det beregninger som viser at om lag 150 til 200 000 barn lever i familier med rusmiddelproblem i hvert av landende. Av undersøkelser her viser funn at tre av de nordiske land alle har nasjonale prosjekter på gang i 2007 med særlig fokus på barn som lever med en misbrukende foreldrer. Det er ikke funnet tydelig kunnskap om hvilke strukturelle grep som må til for å bygge opp tjenester og funksjoner som kan hjelpe eller støtte de pårørende som påvirkes av en annens rusmiddelproblem. Av funnene her kommer det fram at det mangler et tilstrekkelig kunnskapsgrunnlag for hvilke tiltak og hvilken behandling som kan ha best effekt for pårørende. / Aim: Using interviews with six professional in four Nordic countries to discuss, analyze and describe what knowledge there is about how one person’s alcohol- or drug abuse can affect others. Method: The study, using six qualitative interviews submitted with a hypothesis generating analysis, using Grounded Theory. The findings from the interviews were discussed with findings from other theory and empirical data from search in documents, articles and sciences. Results: The main finding show that in the four Nordic countries, there is an evident knowledge about how one person’s alcohol or drug abuse can affect others in a negative way. Findings show that for every person with a misuse problem, up to three others can get reactions and symptoms directly linked to the abuser’s behaviour and problems. Estimates show that more than 80 millions people globally have a serious misuse problem and cautious estimates show that more than 200 millions relatives are affected by this. There are particularly three groups of problems for affected relatives. They are harms and strains which indirectly and directly give somatoform symptoms with adults and particularly strains due to injuries and violence against spouses, partners and children. Families living with their misuse experience a high level of strains and show evident traces of living with a high level of stress. Conclusions: The four Nordic countries have knowledge about how relatives are exposed to great mental and physical strains. Estimates show that 150 to 200 000 children in each of the four Nordic countries, live in families with a misuse problem. From the search here, finding show that three out of four Nordic countries have launched a national project in 2007 with a particular focus on children living with misusing parents. There have been no evident findings of knowledge that shows what structural grip is needed in order to build services and functions that might help or support the relatives who are affected by one person’s misuse problem. From the findings here, it is also shown the lack of adequate knowledge of what efforts and treatment service that best can have effect. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-39-9</p>
347

Sygeplejerskers efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne / Nurses` compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene

Christensen, Mette January 2008 (has links)
Formål – At beskrive variationen i sygeplejerskers opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne samt hvilke faktorer sygeplejersker oplever, har betydning for om de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet.   Design - Beskrivende og undersøgende undersøgelse med en fænomenografisk forsknings-tilnærmelse. Semi-strukturerede interviews med fokus på sygeplejerskers egen opfattelse af deres efterlevelse af anbefalinger for håndhygiejne.   Ramme – Hvidovre Hospital.   Informanter – 14 sygeplejersker (12 kvinder, to mænd) fordelt på 11 afdelinger, indenfor kirurgiske specialer, medicinske specialer, kvinde-barn specialer og intensivterapi.   Resultat –  Analysen viser, at de interviewede sygeplejersker er af den opfattelse, at de stort set altid efterlever anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne. Endvidere blev der ved analysen identificeret seks forskellige opfattelser af de faktorer, der har indflydelse på, om sygeplejerskerne følger anbefalinger for håndhygiejne: Håndhygiejne er en naturlig handling; Smitterisiko; Akutte situationer, uforudsigelighed og travlhed; Omgivelsernes opmærksomhed; Håndhygiejnefaciliteter; Akkreditering, hygiejneaudit og håndhygiejnekampagne.   Konklusion – Sygeplejerskers oplevelse af, at de udfører håndhygiejne som anbefalet og deres forskellige opfattelser af faktorer, der har betydning for, om de følger anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne bør have indflydelse på de håndhygiejneaktiviteter, der planlægges og iværksættes med henblik på at øge sygeplejerskers efterlevelse af anbefalingerne for håndhygiejne. / Aim – To describe variations in nurses’ ways of experiencing compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene and factors nurses experience as having influence on their compliance with hand hygiene.   Design – Descriptive and explorative study using a phenomenographic approach. Semi-structured interviews, focusing on the nurses’ own experiences regarding compliance with recommendations with hand hygiene.   Setting – Hvidovre Hospital.   Subjects – 14 nurses (12 women, 2 men) from 11 different wards, within the surgical speciality, the medical speciality, the women-child speciality and intensive care.   Results – The analysis shows that the interviewed nurses perceive that they nearly always follow the recommendations for hand hygiene. Furthermore six different perceptions of factors with influence on nurses’ compliance with recommendations for hand hygiene were identified in the analysis: Hand hygiene is a natural action; Infection risk; Acute situations, unpredictability and busyness; The attention of the surroundings; Facilities for hand hygiene; Accreditation, hygiene audit and hand hygiene campaign.   Conclusion – Nurses’ experiences of compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene and the different perceptions of factors influencing wether they follow recommendations for hand hygiene ought to influence the planning and implementations of hand hygiene activities in order to promote nurses’ compliance with recommendation for hand hygiene. / <p>ISBN 978-91-7844-743-5</p>
348

Omorganiseringer – hva koster de? : En sammenstilling av omkostninger i forbindelse med en omorganisering; tidsbruk til frustrasjoner, møter etc, sykefravær, og rene utbetalinger / Restructuring in organisations – what is the price? : A compound of expenses connected to organisational restructuring such as; time used in frustration, meetings etc., turnover and ordinary expenses.

Cuenoud, Helen Catherine January 2007 (has links)
Hensikt. Mange kommuner har over år hatt svært stram økonomi.  Mange av kommunene har som endel av tiltakene for å få økonomien i balanse foretatt omfattende omorganiseringer.  Generelt sett har det vært lite fokus på hva omorganiseringene koster i form av tidstap, frustrasjoner og stress, økt sykefravær og rene utgifter i form av konsulenter etc. Metode 14 ansatte på alle nivå i organisasjonen ble intervjuet om deres opplevelser i forbindelse med omorganisering.  Dette ble satt sammen med vurderinger av sykefravær statistikk og omkostninger som skulle komme frem i regnskapene. Resultat De ansatte som ble intervjuet var meget opptatt av ikke å stipulere for stor bruk av tid.  Da lot de heller være å angi tid.  Likevel ble resultatene av brukt tid til samtaler, møter og frustrasjoner formidable.  Det var i denne kommunens sykefraværs statistikk ikke mulig å kunne si noe om økt sykefravær på grunn av omorganisering.  Derimot fortalte de ansatte selv om at de hade blitt syke på grunn av prosessene. Kostnadene til omorganisering var ført i  ordinært driftsregnskap. Mye av de faktiske kostnadene var derfor ikke mulig å finne tilbake til i etterkant. Konklusjon:  Omorganiseringer koster svært mye i medgått tid.  Ansatte blir syke av økt stress  og mangel på kontroll, økt arbeisbyrde, press og usikkerhet.  Kostnader i form av for eksempel konsulenter, flyttinger og innkjøp av nytt utstyr må tas med i en helhet.  For å vurdere innsparingene ved en omorganisering må man se det opp mot omkostningen med omorganisering.  Det har til nå ikke blitt tatt tilstrekkelig hensynt til. Det anbefales å gjøre videre forskning på omorganiseringer og de totale omkostningene. / Aim  The municipalities in Norway have for the last decades been given a lot of new tasks and the economy has been poor.  In order to reduce costs many municipalities  has chosen to restructure the organisation.  There has been little attention given to what a reorganisation really costs in terms of loss of time, frustrations, stress, increased sick leave and actual expenditures. Method 14 employees from all over the organisation were interviewed on their experiences with reorganisations.  These results were put together with the results of the sick leave statistics and the numbers from the accounts.  Result  The employees were very concerned not to exaggerate the use of time.  They would rather not estimate any time used.  All the same, the time used was of incredible dimensions.  This municipality’s statistics on sick leave did not give any evidence that the reorganisations caused more sickness in the organisation.  But the employees told about being sick from the processes. The expenses for the reorganisation process were accounted for in the ordinary accounting system.  It was not possible to identify and extract the actual expenses 3 – 4 years later. The exception was the expenses connected to the consultants. Conclusions  The expenses in terms of time used are huge.  The employees get sick from stress and lack of control, increased workload, pressure and uncertainty. Expenses as the costs of consultants, expenditures of new outfits and moving expenditures must also be considered.   In an evaluation of the savings made through a reorganisation, the all expenses must be considered in full in order to have a true evaluation.  Until today such evaluation do not seem to have been done.   It is a recommended to do further research on this subject / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-31-3</p>
349

Empowerment gjennom læring : Hvordan opplever utøvere å bli involvert i en empowermentprosess, når de lærer å forbedre egne arbeidsoppgaver? / Empowerment in the perspective of learning : Do health care professionals get involved in empowerment processes, while they are learning a method of quality improvement?

Hannestad, Anette January 2007 (has links)
Bakgrunn: I arbeid som sykepleier erfarte jeg at utøvere i helsetjenesten hadde ulik holdning til læring og fagutvikling. Min nysgjerrighet ble vekket om det er en sammenheng mellom utøvernes interesse for læring og en tilstand av empowerment.  Hensikt: Søken etter kunnskap om hvilke faktorer utøvere i pleie- og omsorgstjenesten opplever stimulerer til å lære, for å øke forståelsen av hva som kan styrke dem til å ”empower” seg selv.  Metode og Materiale: Fenomenografi ble brukt som tilnærmingsmetode og fokusgruppeintervju som datainnsamlingsmetode. 17 personer ansatt i pleie- og omsorgstjenesten i to kommuner deltok i studien. Informantene var fordelt på fem kvalitetsgrupper som hadde lært å forbedre arbeidsoppgaver i regi av Fylkesmannens kvalitetsrådgiver. Resultater: Dataene er presentert i en kjernekategori og tre hovedkategorier. Kjernekategorien viser til en struktur av bestemte tiltak som organisasjonen hadde iverksatt for at utøverne skulle lære forbedringsarbeid. Tiltakene kan oppsummeres ved følgende faktorer: Organisasjonen har fokus på forbedringsarbeid, økonomiske midler er bevilget til å lære forbedringsarbeid, tid og rom er avsatt til læring, en ekstern kvalitetsrådgiver gir opplæring i forbedringsarbeid, og ledelsen håndterer endring. Hovedkategoriene antyder at utøvere opplever seg selv som medansvarlige, at gruppa fungerer som et forum for læring og at flytskjema som forbedringshjelpemiddel er praktisk og konkret.   Konklusjon Hovedfunnet indikerer at en struktur iverksatt av organisasjonen legitimerer læringsarbeidet for utøvere i pleie- og omsorgstjenesten. Denne opplevelsen av legitimitet stimulerer utøvere til å lære forbedringsarbeid, og gjennom dette oppleve økt empowerment. / Background: Experiences in my work as a nurse made me interested in the correlation between the inclination of health care professionals to learn and their status as empowered people. Purpose: The aims of this study is to gain more knowledge about how health care professionals perceive the experience of being involved in conscious learning processes and to get a better understanding of factors that are critical in this empowerment process.   Method and material: Phenomenography was used as the research method. 17 health care professionals, who are working in the primary health care system in two different Norwegian municipalities, participated in focus group interviews. They were divided into five quality management groups. All informants had previously learned from an external supervisor how to improve the quality of their work by using flow charts. Results: The data were categorized into one core category and three main categories. Critical factors are: the organisation’s focus on quality improvement, sufficient human and economical resources for learning, time for reflection and learning, an external supervisor teaching and supporting the groups, and leadership supporting change. Other important factors are how the professionals accept the extra work involved in being learners, group dynamics, and efficient use of flow charts. Conclusion: The findings suggest that a structure which gives the health care professional a feeling of legitimacy for giving priority to learning, is more likely to enter the process of empowerment / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-27-6</p>
350

Evaluering af en geriatrisk funktion på et mellemstort dansk hospital / An evaluation of a geriatric ward in a medium sized Danish hospital

Jensen, Marianne January 2007 (has links)
Introduktion: De nordiske hospitaler er i disse år præget af talrige organisationsændringer. Evalueringer heraf foregår traditionelt kvantitativt. Der er ikke tradition for at anvende kvalitative metoder. Patientperspektivet undersøges i Danmark kvantitativt gennem årlige patienttilfredsheds-undersøgelser, men resultaterne her af kan ikke ses i sammenhæng med en given aktivitet på et givent sengeafsnit. Medarbejderperspektivet medtages slet ikke i forbindelse med evalueringer af organisatoriske ændringer i sundhedsvæsenet. Formål: Formålet med denne evaluering er at undersøge sammenhænge mellem den konkrete målopfyldelse på udvalgte kvalitetsindikatorer, medarbejdernes oplevelser af og syn på at arbejde på det geriatriske sengeafsnit samt de pårørende og patienternes oplevelser under indlæggelsen.  Det er hensigten at tegne et så nuanceret billede som muligt af det geriatriske sengeafsnit og at få afdækket såvel hensigtsmæssige som uhensigtsmæssige forhold i medarbejdernes arbejdsliv og i patienternes oplevelse af indlæggelsen. Metode: Andel af opfyldte kvalitetsindikatorer måles ved auditgennemgang af 50 konsekutivt udvalgte patientjournaler fra indlæggelser på det geriatriske sengeafsnit. Patient- og pårørendeperspektivet belyses gennem 4 interviews i umiddelbar tilslutning til patienternes udskrivelse og Medarbejderperspektivet undersøges gennem to individuelle interviews med lederne af afsnittet og et fokusgruppeinterview med otte medarbejdere fra det geriatriske sengeafsnit. De kvantitative data fremstilles i tabelform og de kvalitative data indholdsanalyseres og fremstilles i citatform. De indbyrdes sammenhænge mellem de bearbejdede data undersøges og fremstilles. Resultater: Medarbejderne udtrykker frustration og mangel på ledelse. De har svært ved at se sammenhæng i hverdagens aktiviteter og oplever mangel på ro og meningsfuldhed i dagligdagen. De finder ikke de kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer relevante for deres arbejde. Der er lav andel af opfyldte kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer. Dette understøttes af patienterne og de pårørendes oplevelser under indlæggelsen og det forklares til en vis grad af medarbejdernes opfattelse af nødvendigheden af at opfylde de forventede krav og i særlig grad af medarbejdernes oplevelse af mangel på ledelse, sammenhæng og meningsfuldhed. Konklusion: Der findes konsistent sammenhæng mellem de tre perspektiver. Medarbejderperspektivet beskriver årsagsforklaringer til den lave andel af opfyldte kliniske kvalitetsindikatorer og patient- og pårørendeperspektivet peger på konsekvenserne af samme. Metodetrianguleringen til evaluering af en organisationsændring har dermed vist sig hensigtsmæssig til at forstå baggrund og sammenhænge i resultatet af en organisationsændring i højere grad end de traditionelle evalueringsmetoder. / Introduction:  The Nordic Hospitals have these years seem a lot of organizational changes. They are traditionally quantitatively evaluated. There is no tradition to use qualitative evaluation methods. The perspective of the patients is examined quantitatively by a patient satisfaction survey each year, but it is not possible to see the results of these surveys in coherence to a given activity in a given ward in the hospital. The perspective of the employees is not included in evaluations of organizational changes. Purpose: The purpose of this evaluation is to examine coherence between the indicators that have been fulfilled, and the employees’ experience of their daily work, together with the patients – and their relatives’ experience of the admittance at the ward.  It is the intention to show a picture as varied as possible of the geriatric ward and both reasonable and not reasonable conditions in the employees work life and in the patients’ experiences.  Method: The clinical indicators of quality are examined by an audit reading of 50 consecutively chosen patient files from the geriatric ward. The patients – and the relatives perspective is illuminated by four interviews with patients and relatives directly following their admittance to the ward and the perspective of the employees is illuminated by two interviews with the managers of the ward and a focus group interview with eight staff members of the ward. Results: The employees express frustration and lack of management. It is not easy for them to see coherence in the daily activities and they experience absence of peace and meaning in their daily work. In their opinion, the clinical indicators of quality are not relevant for their work. Only a low part of the indicators of clinical quality fulfil the expected goals. This find is in concordance with the experiences of the patients and the relatives and to some extent, can be explained, by the employees’ way of understanding the quality indicators. The most probable explanation to the low fulfilment of the goals is the employees’ experience of lack of management, coherence, and meaningfulness in their daily activities. Conclusion: There is a consistent connection between the three perspectives. The perspective of the employees describes possible causes to the low part of clinical indicators of quality, which fulfil the goals. The perspective of patients and relatives points at the consequences of this. The triangulation of the methods in an evaluation of organizational changes has shown a successful way, to understand conditions and coherence in the results of an organizational change, than the traditional method of evaluation. / <p>ISBN 978-91-85721-20-7</p>

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