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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
401

公私協力與自主規制之研究—兼論消防火災預防行政 / A Study in the Public Private Partnership and Self-Regulation

郭貞君, Kuo, Chen Chun Unknown Date (has links)
在各國政府部門為減輕財政負擔、提高行政效能,紛紛引進民間資源並與私部門建立夥伴關係之全球性風潮推波助瀾下,我國近年亦力倡政府瘦身、組織精簡、引用民力、公私協力。再者,運用民力參與公共任務之公私協力,寓有私部門自主規制成分,惟法學上自主規制與公私協力通常為分離探討之論題,兩者之關連性究為何;又兩者態樣眾多且無普世同意之定義,在多元分殊之學理及實務中,是否存在共通並行之法理脈絡與類型系譜,誠屬行政法總論上饒富逸趣之課題。另行政法各論上,為預防火災以維護公共安全並確保人民生命財產,各國莫不多方運用公私協力與自主規制,建構建築物之消防安全管理制度,惟綜觀國內有關公私協力與自主規制之法學論著尤以前者可謂繁花錦簇,事涉公共安全之消防火災預防行政領域相關研究則付諸闕如猶待開拓。 本文爰透過中外文獻梳理公私協力與自主規制法學理論,並放眼國際取樣研究運用公私協力與自主規制之消防行政實務規範,以歐盟與英國為取法對象,就消防安全管理制度硬體層面及軟體層面分別探討歐盟產品(兼及建築產品[再兼及消防安全設備產品])監管機制以及英國建築物防火安全管理機制。除解析法理基礎更探究實務規範架構於我國與先進國家之異同,期許回饋提供公私協力與自主規制所涉行政法理論若干啟示並促使本國相關消防行政規範更趨周全。 / In the wake of global trend of government department introducing private resources and establishing partnerships with private sectors to reduce financial burden and improve administrative efficacy, Taiwan authorities in recent years have also been advocating government downsizing, streamlining organizations, adopting private resources, and public private partnership. Furthermore, public private partnership contains private sector’s self-regulation element, but in jurisprudential circle, self-regulation and public private partnership are usually independently researched topics, what are the exact relationships between them; otherwise, each of both has great variety of types and has not universally consented definition, therefore, it seems to be an issue full of keen interest for General Administrative Law: whether there exists common legal context and typological pedigree in the pluralistic and divergent theories and practices of public private partnership and self-regulation. Besides, as regards Specific Administrative Law, in order to prevent fires for protecting public safety and people's lives and property, countries all over the world utilize various approaches to public private partnership and self-regulation, to construct fire protection management regime for buildings; the domestic juristic studies of public private partnership and self-regulation have overall fruitful achievements, especially the former, however, apparently none of them refers to fire protection administrative category that thus eagerly needs to be cultivated. This thesis wherefore sorted domestic and foreign juristic literature about public private partnership and self-regulation, and combed internationally relative fire protection administrative legislation. Focusing on legislation of European Union and United Kingdom, it separately explored hardware dimension and software dimension of fire protection management regimes, that is, EU’s product safety and market surveillance regime (involving that for construction product [further involving that for fixed fire fighting equipment]) and UK’s fire safety regime. In addition to analyzing the legal theories and exploring the similarities and differences of legislative framework between EU or UK and Taiwan, it expects to provide several revelations to the jurisprudence of public private partnership and self-regulation, and to actuate the relative domestic fire protection legislation more comprehensively.
402

以國際比較檢視我國醫師團體在執業管制中之定位與功能 / Positions and Functions of Taiwan Physician Groups in Practicing Regulation-An International Comparison

徐世平, Hsu, Shih Ping Unknown Date (has links)
醫療保險與服務是維護個人生存,增進民族健康,保障國民基本權之重要國家任務。而除了藥品、醫材、設備、醫院外,接受專業訓練、符合專業知識、技術與道德要求的醫療專業人員,包括醫師,也是醫療系統中不可或缺的要角。但相較之下,關於我國醫師團體在醫療行政法制中的角色尚缺乏完整論述,而本文即在檢視我國醫師團體(包括職業團體與學術團體)在執業管制中的定位與功能。 為了突顯我國醫師團體的特殊性,考量大陸法/英美法、醫療保險體系、醫療水準、與歷史社會等因素,本文選擇了德國、日本、美國、英國與中國大陸作為參照對比。從「醫療服務與醫療行政系統」到「醫師團體發展歷史與現況」,由大縮小、鑑古知今,將各國家地區之醫師團體的背景事實先做系統化整理、分析、並比較,以理解其在各自國家社會體系中的定位。另外,就其在醫師職業管制中管「入」的「執業資格授予」與管「出」的「執業資格廢止」的作用亦做系統化整理、分析、與比較,以認識各該團體在其中的功能。 基於以上的背景事實,再以「公私協力」與「職業自律」深入檢視,我國醫師團體(特別是職業團體之醫師公會) 在醫師職業管制中與國家政府之相對關係和定位,與其在執業資格授予與廢止作用上的功能。 關於我國醫師公會在執業管制法制中地位與功能的調整,本文建議:相較於仿德國例全面肯認醫師公會為「公法人」與政府分工,或仿日美英例鬆綁醫師公會為真正的「私法人」與政府制衡,依我國現實條件可由立法者直接立法或授權行政機關以授權命令賦予醫師公會行政受託人地位,並對稱移轉關於醫師執業資格授予與廢止之特定具體權限給公會,則在此委託範圍內公會即可被視為行政機關,即可對應要求其內部章程、組織、與程序須符合行政法法規與法理。 / Medical insurance and services are national tasks essentially for maintaining personal survival, improving people health, and protecting fundamental civil rights. Along with medicines, medical materials, equipment, and hospitals, medical professionals, including physicians, who have received professional training and met the requirements of expertise, technology and ethics, are indispensable for a working medical system. However, discussions about the roles of physician groups in medical administrative law systems in Taiwan are few. Thus, the present work is to examine positions and functions of physicians groups (including professional groups and academic groups) in the medical practicing regulation in Taiwan. In order to highlight the particularities of Taiwan physician groups and to take account of the differences in the continental law/Common law, medical insurance systems, medical service levels, and historical and social factors, Germany, Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom were selected for reference and comparison. From the "medical service and medical administrative systems" to "development history and present situation of the groups", the background facts of representative physicians groups were systematically collected, analyzed, and compared for comprehension of their positions in the social systems in their respective countries. Besides, regulatory functions of the groups in approving and revoking medical practicing qualifications were also systematically collected, analyzed, and compared for acknowledgement. Based on the above background facts and the concepts of "public-private partnership" and "professional autonomy", we further inspected Taiwan physician groups, especially the professional groups of physicians, to review their relationship with the government in professional regulation, and functions in practicing licensure. Regarding the positions and functions of the professional groups of physicians in medical practicing regulation in Taiwan, the following adjustment is proposed: Rather than adopting the “public legal entity” model for fulfilling national duties as in Germany, or “fully private corporation” model for balancing national regulation as in Japan, the United States, and the United Kingdom, our legislatives and administrative authorities could authorize by law the professional groups of physicians to exercise the powers specifically for medical practicing licensure, and thus the groups, as commissioned administrative agencies, should be required to amend their own bylaws, organizations, and procedures about the above authorized areas in concordance with administrative laws.
403

An analysis of the benefits of the growth in tourism to the local communities in the Panorama region, Mpumalanga Province

Monakhisi, Ngwako Philemon 29 February 2008 (has links)
In recent decades tourism has asserted its importance as the biggest employer and foreign exchange earner in both the developing and developed countries. Consequently, there has been increasing attention to tourism development as a strategy to stimulate economic growth, local economic development and poverty alleviation, especially in the developing countries. This study was undertaken with the objective of determining the direct benefits of the growth in tourism to the local communities in the vicinity of protected areas in South Africa's Mpumalanga Province. The tourism sector is strategically located within the economic mainstream as it links easily with other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, hospitality, transport and entertainment. It has added advantages, including the fact that the tourist product is consumed at the destination. This offers local communities opportunities in job creation, skills development, economic empowerment and social development. The study found that meaningful involvement of local communities in the tourism industry through ownership of tourism-related enterprises was almost non-existent. There were no meaningful linkages between the industry and the local communities other than the communities' supply of unskilled labour. There were also no programmes aimed at harnessing the phenomenal growth in South Africa's tourism for the economic empowerment of local communities. The economic empowerment of local communities need not be achieved through the ownership of tourism-related enterprises only, but may also include shareholding, outsourcing, affirmative procurement and social responsibility programmes by the industry.The continued marginalisation of the local communities by the tourism industry was attributed to unsatisfactory progress with the industry's transformation. The launch of the Tourism Black Economic Empowerment Charter and Scorecard in 2005 provided impetus for the transformation of South Africa's tourism industry. However, more work still needs to be done in the identified areas of ownership and control of tourism-related businesses, distribution of tourism benefits and the development of tourism-related skills and entrepreneurial culture in local communities. The role of the private sector in stimulating community involvement in tourism is particularly important. The private sector is singled out because of government policy that tourism development would be regulated by government and be private-sector driven. Furthermore, the private sector has the capacity and the resources to mobilise, not only to improve the attractiveness and marketing of a destination and the overall management of the tourism industry, but also to build thriving local communities. / Development Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)
404

Parceria Público-Privada (PPP): análise do mérito de projetos do setor saúde no Brasil

Carrera, Mariana Baleeiro Martins 22 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Mariana Baleeiro Martins Carrera (marianacarrera@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-22T15:17:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL - MARIANA CARRERA 22.09.2014.pdf: 1391085 bytes, checksum: a0380a49f7b6d3c7112ffd16f2715714 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PAMELA BELTRAN TONSA (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2014-09-22T16:03:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL - MARIANA CARRERA 22.09.2014.pdf: 1391085 bytes, checksum: a0380a49f7b6d3c7112ffd16f2715714 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-22T16:04:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSÃO FINAL - MARIANA CARRERA 22.09.2014.pdf: 1391085 bytes, checksum: a0380a49f7b6d3c7112ffd16f2715714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-22 / The goal of this study is to understand the merit evaluation models of PPP projects and to study existing projects in the healthcare sector in Brazil, as of June, 2014. The methodology was a qualitative research of exploratory nature, through a bibliography and document review, interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of projects. It also involved the study of national and international merit assessment models – Value for Money. Key parameters presented by VFM are: discussions of projects based on results, competition, risk transfer to the private initiative, innovation and responsibility sharing. It is composed of three basic elements: economy, efficacy and efficiency. However, achieving economy and efficiency is meaningless if the efficacy (guaranteeing that a given activity achieves its goals) is not observed. The results point out that the utilization of PPPs is, slowly, becoming more frequent in the healthcare sector in Brazil. Nevertheless, such partnerships need to mature and to improve their administration, technical, managerial and political aspects. As such, it intends to contribute for a better knowledge and understanding of PPP as a new institutional way to manage healthcare, documenting the early stages of this process and presenting the most critical dimensions for the success of its implementation in the healthcare sector in Brazil. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a análise do mérito de projetos de PPP, com ênfase no setor saúde. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza exploratória, com levantamento bibliográfico e documental, entrevistas com os principais stakeholders e análise de projetos. Foram estudados, também, modelos nacionais e internacionais de análise de mérito – Value for Money. O VFM apresenta como principais parâmetros a discussão sobre contratos baseados em resultados, competição, transferência de risco para a iniciativa privada, inovação e divisão de responsabilidades. São três seus elementos básicos: economia, eficácia e eficiência. Porém, a obtenção de economia e eficiência não tem valor se a eficácia (garantia de que uma determinada atividade alcance os resultados desejados) não for observada. Os resultados apontam que a utilização de PPP está, progressivamente, se tornando mais freqüente no setor saúde no Brasil. No entanto, essas parcerias necessitam de amadurecimento e aperfeiçoamento administrativo, técnico, gerencial e político. Com isso, pretende-se contribuir para o maior conhecimento e entendimento da PPP como uma nova modalidade institucional para a gestão da saúde, documentando um momento ainda inicial desse processo e apresentando as dimensões mais críticas para o sucesso da sua implantação no setor saúde no Brasil.
405

As relações da parceria público-privada: a experiência do Campus Universitário de Marabá com a Companhia Vale / The relationships of public-private partnership: the experience of Campus Maraba with Companhia Vale

OLIVEIRA, Mara Rita Duarte de January 2010 (has links)
OLIVEIRA, Mara Rita Duarte de. As relações da parceria público-privada: a experiência do Campus Universitário de Marabá com a Companhia Vale. 2010. 180f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-26T15:04:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MRDOliveira.pdf: 1121531 bytes, checksum: c1e941e0b50ccf49d0c5d7b76c5c5053 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-27T11:37:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MRDOliveira.pdf: 1121531 bytes, checksum: c1e941e0b50ccf49d0c5d7b76c5c5053 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-27T11:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Tese_MRDOliveira.pdf: 1121531 bytes, checksum: c1e941e0b50ccf49d0c5d7b76c5c5053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / This study aims at understanding the institution of public-private partnership between the campus and the Vale of Marabá and its implications for the academic life, especially for the autonomy of the university campus. Based on the goal presented to demonstrate the analytical categories: public, private and university productivist and empirical categories: university autonomy and participation for deepening the theoretical analysis. In the process of conducting methodological research undertaken was chosen qualitative approach with the methodological bias of the research participant. The production of this study was constructed from the dialogue with various bibliographic and documentary sources, besides the utilization of collected data such as interviews, questionnaires and forms. The reflections presented indicate that the fragility of teacher participation to some extent, involved the university autonomy, no one presented the letter of law, but autonomy built by participating in public space, the construction of the dialogue of misunderstanding and the maturity of the discourse of consensus established by the political police of the cancellation of the speech of subjects within the democratic space. The theoretical approaches in the text are marked by utopia and passion in defense of the Public University in this respect must be recognized that the university does not change by itself on one-way street, however, it has been modified by historical contingencies that determine its direction, believing that ability to change constantly and it was hoped that the "Era of PPPs" be confronted and transformed with common sense, team work, ethics, and especially with purposeful and transformative political action. / O presente estudo tem como objetivo central compreender a instituição da parceria público-privada entre o Campus Universitário de Marabá e a Companhia Vale e suas implicações para a vida acadêmica, em especial para a autonomia universitária do Campus. Com base no objetivo apresentado, evidenciam-se as categorias analíticas: público, privada e universidade produtivista e as categorias empíricas: autonomia universitária e participação para aprofundamento das análises teóricas. No processo de condução metodológica da pesquisa empreendida optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, com viés metodológico da pesquisa participante. A produção do referido estudo se construiu a partir do diálogo com variadas fontes bibliográficas e documentais, além da utilização dos recursos de coletada de dados tais como: entrevistas, questionários e formulários. As reflexões apresentadas apontam que a fragilidade da participação docente, em certa medida, implicou a autonomia universitária, não aquela apresentada na letra da lei, mas autonomia construída pela participação no espaço público, na construção do diálogo, do desentendimento e pelo vencimento do discurso do consenso estabelecido pela política policial da anulação da fala dos sujeitos dentro do espaço democrático. As aproximações teóricas presentes no texto estão marcadas pela utopia e paixão em defesa da Universidade Pública, nesse sentido há de se reconhecer que a universidade não se modifica sozinha em uma via de mão única, pelo contrário, ela tem se modificado pelas contingências históricas que determinam seus rumos, acreditando nessa capacidade de se modificar-se constantemente e que espera-se que a “Era das PPPs” seja enfrentada e transformada com bom senso, trabalho coletivo, ética e, principalmente, com ação política propositiva e transformadora.
406

Réappropriation des partenariats public-privé et de la coopération transfrontalière dans les pays d'Afrique francophone : essai sur la région des Grands Lacs / Reappropriation of public-private partnerships and cross-border cooperation in French-speaking countries African : an essay on the great lakes region

Ridja Mali, Ange 18 September 2015 (has links)
La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la guerre froide, la cohabitation pacifique, les mouvements d’indépendances, la fin du monde bipolaire, les crises multiformes et successives (culturelle, sociale économique et financière), voici autant d’événements qui ont changé les conceptions et la vision même du monde. L’initiative privée est à nouveau plébiscitée sur la scène mondiale. En effet, la rencontre entre le savoir-faire (financier et technique) du secteur privé et un secteur public ambitieux mais très limité, symbolisée dans le sigle « PPP », devient la formule gagnante.De nouveaux espaces font leurs apparitions, encouragées par le vent de l’intégration régionale et économique. Le mouvement de décentralisation propulsant celui de la coopération transfrontalière, nous assistons de plus en plus à une lente mais très prometteuse reconfiguration des dynamiques transfrontalières un peu partout dans le monde. Certaines régions offrent des perspectives très intéressantes, aussi bien sur le plan de la coopération transfrontalière que des PPP. C’est notamment le cas de la région francophone de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs. Cerner les PPP et la coopération transfrontalière, vérifier leur complémentarité et enfin suivre le mécanisme de réappropriation de ces deux concepts dans la région francophone de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs : voici les principaux objectifs que s’est assigné ce travail de recherche. / The end of the Second World War, the cold war, the peaceful cohabitation, the movements of independences, the bipolar end of the world, the multi-form and successive crises (cultural, social economic and financial), here is so many events which changed the designs and the vision of the world. The private initiative is again approved by a large majority on the world scene. Indeed, the meeting enters the know-how (financial and technical) of the private sector and the ambitious but very limited public sector, symbolized in the initials "PPP", becomes the winning formula.New spaces make their appearance encouraged by the wind of the regional and economic integration. The movement of decentralization propelling that of the cross-border cooperation, we assist more and more a slow but very promising reconfiguration of the cross-border dynamics almost everywhere in the world. Certain regions offer very interesting perspectives, as well from the point of view of the cross-border cooperation as the PPP. It is in particular the case of the French-speaking region of Africa of Great Lakes. Encircle the PPP and the cross-border cooperation, to check their complementarities and finally to follow the mechanism of reappropriation of these two concepts in the French-speaking region of Africa of Great Lakes: here are the main objectives that assigned this research work.
407

運用營運績效付款機制興辦社會住宅之探討 / Establishment Discussion The Social Housing by Using Operational Performance Payment Mechanism

楊宛真, Yang, Wan Chen Unknown Date (has links)
政府為照護青年及弱勢族群的居住權利,興辦社會住宅為首要政策,然當前政府財政困境及資源不足情形,得運用民間資源以「公私協力夥伴(public-private partnerships,下稱PPP)」模式共同興辦社會住宅。惟現行促進民間參與公共建設法有政府不出資金及民間財務自償率適用門檻等特性,民間企業對於低自償性且具高益性之公共建設案件投資意願低;若開放附屬事業增加投資誘因,則產生政府未達公共建設目的、犧牲弱勢權益及公益性不足等爭議及輿論。 為提高民間企業投資誘因及推動社會住宅政策,本研究以我國BOT(Build-Operate-Transfer,建設-營運-移轉)模式導入國外民間融資提案(Private Finance Initiative,PFI)制度之營運績效付款概念為基礎,透過個案研究財務模擬,在促參法BOT制度下,進行現有民間自主營運及導入營運績效付款機制等兩模式進行財務效益分析,並以此作為深度訪談題綱資料,進行產、官、學三類型受訪者之個別訪談。 最後,經彙總深度訪談意見及各章節分析後,本研究得到下列幾點「運用營運績效付款興辦社會住宅」之重要結論與後續建議,以資作為未來政府機關以民間參與模式推動社會住宅或其他低自償高公益性類型之公共建設案件參考: 1.政府擔負租金率和租金調整風險,可降低民間企業營運風險,增加政府機關政策調整彈性和監督管理權力,具有達到興辦社會住宅政策目的及風險控制效益。 2.政府於營運期依營運績效給付固定價金予民間企業,除可提升公共建設服務品質,於民間企業可收取穩定租金現金流量佳,具投資誘因。 3.提供評估社會住宅之重大參數建議,包含:特許年期設定於20年~25年區間、合理利潤率設定於稅後報酬率8%~10%區間、付款機制於營運期間依服務可用度及績效評估分年付款,及土地租金得以公告地價1%或約定固定費率計收等,降低雙方案件執行風險及保障利潤。 4.促使案件順利執行之應配套事項,包含:政府機關確保長期預算編列及確保給付性、融資機構願專案融資可行性及合理制定成果規範、評核項目及扣款機制。 / To ensure the housing for young people and vulnerable social groups, implementing social housing is a top priority. Given the government’s financial difficulties and lack of resources, “public-private partnerships” (PPP) could be used to provide social housing. However, the Act for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects (the Act) stipulates that the government provides no funding nor an applicable threshold of self-liquidation ratio (SLR) for private enterprises. Private enterprises do not have such a great interest in investing in infrastructure projects with a low SLR or benefits. If affiliated business have a greater incentive to invest, it will result in a dispute or argument over the government’s disregard for infrastructure projects, the rights and interests of vulnerable groups, and public welfare. To increase private enterprises’ incentive to invest and promote the social housing policies, the study has introduced the concept of operating performance payment in the foreign PFI (Private-Finance-Initiative) system based on the BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model under the Act and has analyzed the financial benefits of private enterprises and the operating performance payment through a case study. The analysis was applied to develop in-depth individual interview questions with respondents from the businessman, the government, and specialist. According to feedback gathered from in-depth interviews and the summary of each chapter, the study drew the following conclusions and recommendations for the implementation of social housing through operating performance payment. The conclusion and recommendations could be used as future references in the implementation of social housing through PPP or infrastructure projects with a low SLR and high benefits: 1.The government shall bear the risks of adjustments to rental rates and rent to reduce the operational risk of private enterprises and increase the flexibility and power of supervision and management of its policies with the aim of implementing social housing and controlling risks. 2.During operation, the government pays a fixed amount to private enterprises based on their operating performance, which can improve the quality of service of infrastructure projects and provide a more stable rent for private enterprises thus further increasing their incentive to invest. 3.Major parameters of social housing are proposed, including a concession period of 20~25 years, a reasonable profit margin set at 8%~10% of after-tax as a rate of return, the annual payment of which shall made according to the availability of services and performance evaluation during operations, and land rent charged based on 1% of the published land price or an agreed fixed rate. These parameters can help reduce the risks of implementation and guarantee profits. 4.Mechanisms that support the implementation of social housing are proposed, including the government’s guarantee of budgets and payments, the feasibility of project financing and the establishment of proper standards for evaluating the results, determining the evaluation citeria, and deduction mechanisms.
408

Projekty spolupráce soukromého a veřejného sektoru (PPP) v zemích Visegrádské čtyřky / PPP (Public Private Partnership) Projects in the countries of Visegrad Four

Slánská, Marie January 2008 (has links)
The diploma thesis is concerned with the problems of PPP projects (Public Private Partnership) in the countries of Visegrad Four. The term PPP can be understood as a cooperation of public and private sector. The principal aim of cooperation is to ensure public infrastructure and services. First part of thesis characterizes coutries of Visegrad Four, explains principles and benefits of PPP and informs about main countries and sectors in which PPP projects are realized. The core of the thesis is the fourth chapter which analyzes and evaluates V4 coutries on the basis of several criteria (legislation, institutional support, methodics and realized projects) and attempts to find out if those criteria influence the implementation and number of PPP projects in V4. Final part points out that PPP projects can be helpful for states in times of financial crisis to finance services or infrastructure if they do not have enough money.
409

Le régime juridique de l'exploitation portuaire / Legal regime of port operations

Naudin, Anne-Cécile 13 December 2013 (has links)
Ces dernières années, le contexte concurrentiel a démontré la nécessité de réformer la politique portuaire française. C’est ainsi que la réforme portuaire issue de la loi n°2008-660 du 4 juillet 2008 a créé les grands ports maritimes. Le modèle du « landlord port », autrement dénommé port propriétaire/aménageur, a été consacré en France. Le grand port maritime voit ses activités recentrées sur ses missions régaliennes, ses missions d’exploitation ayant été transférées aux opérateurs privés portuaires. Face aux contraintes domaniales, issues du droit administratif, les grands ports maritimes ont dû valoriser leur domaine portuaire en attirant les investisseurs privés et en développant leurs activités avec leur « hinterland ». Le partenariat public/privé est donc la solution pour améliorer la compétitivité des grands ports maritimes. Si du point de vue juridique, l’autorité portuaire est en position « dominante » par son rôle décisionnaire d’attribution d’espaces portuaires aux différents opérateurs, du point de vue économique, le rapport de force est inversé au profit des opérateurs. Il est donc indispensable de parvenir à équilibrer ces visions dans le respect du libre jeu de la concurrence. / These last years, the competitive context demonstrated the necessity of reforming the French port policy. This is how the port reform stemming from the law n°2008-660 of July 4th, 2008 created the Major seaports. The model of landlord port was recognized in France. The Major seaport sees its activities refocused on its kingly missions, its missions of operation having been transferred to the port private operators. In front of state property constraints, stemming from the administrative law, the Major seaports had to value their port domain by attracting the private investors and by developing their activities with their «hinterland». The public / private partnership is thus the solution to improve the competitiveness of the Major seaports. If, from the legal point of view, the port authority belongs in «dominant» position by its decision-making role of allocation of port spaces to the various operators, from the economic point of view, the balance of power is inverted for the benefit of the operators. It is thus essential to succeed in balancing these visions in the respect for the free play of competition.
410

Le stade en droit public / Stadiums in public law

Tessier, Emmanuel 02 October 2014 (has links)
Le stade est un lieu de concentration du droit public. La focale se porte donc sur l’étude du régime juridique des « grands stades » pour reprendre l’appellation retenue par le rapport de la Commission Euro 2016. L’objet de cette étude est de démontrer les interactions réciproques entre le stade et le droit public. Notre étude se concentrera sur les problématiques juridiques nationales portées par les profondes mutations du stade et de son droit. Marqué par la diversité des contrats qui sont à la source de leurs constructions ou rénovations, le régime juridique de la propriété du stade détermine ses modes de gestion. Longtemps lieu du service public du sport, la professionnalisation de celui-ci a engendré quelques mutations quant au régime juridique de la domanialité du stade. Cette concentration se révèle également dans l’opération d’urbanisme et d’aménagement du territoire que constitue un stade. S’inscrivant dans une politique globale de financement du sport où l’intervention publique demeure élevée, le stade se confronte aux contraintes des finances publiques. Le stade est lieu de rassemblement où le public vient assister à un spectacle sportif. Il convient d’encadrer tout débordement susceptible de troubler l’ordre public. En tant que réceptacle du spectacle sportif, le stade est un lieu d’exploitation commerciale. / Stadiums are places where public law cannot be overlooked. This thesis focuses therefore on the juridical regime of the so called “grands stades” (stadiums contrary to sport fields) quoted as such in the Euro 2016 commission report. The main purpose is to demonstrate interlinks between stadiums and public law. This study concentrates on national juridical issues raised by changes in stadiums and thus in laws related to it. Indeed the juridical regime of stadium property, through the wide diversity of contracts qualifying the frame for construction or renovation, defines how stadiums are managed. For a long time stadiums have been considered for public sport practices, however professionalization led to modifying this juridical regime. Urbanism and spatial planning operations prior to stadium constructions have also underlined this evolution. The global financial policy for stadium development requires high public sector intervention therefore making it also subject to public financing constraints. Stadiums gather people to watch sport events. It is important to provide a frame to avoid any excess that could lead to disturbances of public order. As a recipient of sport events, stadiums are places of commercial exploitation.

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