The definition of additional water is as all water except wastewater contained in wastewater pipes. In heavy rainfall, the volume of additional water in the sewage water pipes become large and can cause several problems, including overflows and basement flooding. Many municipalities have problems with additional water. In a survey, 80 % of the questioned municipalities claimed that they actively work to reduce the amount of additional water in sewage water pipes. In Haninge municipality, additional water causes several basements floods each year and Fors treatment plant receives considerably more water than necessary. The high proportion of additional water at the treatment plant requires a high dose of chemicals, which is both expensive as well as time-consuming. Haninge municipality has a growing population and Fors treatment plant does not have the capacity to receive larger volumes of water, which could cause problems when new residences are to be built.   Flow meters are usually used to quantify the amount of additional water, but flow measurement is expensive and requires planning. In Haninge municipality there are about 50 pumping stations and the purpose of this study was to determine whether the amount of additional water could be quantified based on the filling time in the pumping stations. A flow meter was used to obtain a reference value. However, at the pumping stations the filling times were not logged properly and could not be used in this study. Instead, the pumping times were used to quantify the amount of additional water. To calculate this, several parameters as volume of pump sump, pump running times, the flow when the pumps were draining and the amount of drinking water bought were required.   To obtain a relationship, the volume of additional water for a wet compared to a dry year was used. A relationship between volume and running time could be distinguished, but since the flow measurement never worked, the values for the volume were uncertain. However, the relationship could be used to identify which areas that have a high proportion of additional water, but the quantification of the amount was uncertain. The relationship was then used to quantify the additional water for several different pumping stations. None of the investigated areas had any problem with additional water, but the areas around Hagtornsvägen, Vendelsögårdsvägs, Ålstavägens and Österhaningevägens pump stations have some additional water. In Haninge municipality there are some old areas that would had been interesting to include in this study, but there were no pumping stations there.   In the future flow measurement will be important for Haninge municipality to further work on quantifying additional water and identifying problem areas. The flow measurement is not specific to pumping stations but can be placed on the sewage pipes at hubs to be able to distinguish which areas have the largest volume of additional water. However, looking at the running times gives a glimpse of where the problems are greatest and may also work as an indication of where on the pipelines the flow meters could be placed.

The use of simulation enables testing of a system without the need for a complete physical system, while also having the advantages of lower cost and fewer practical limits compared to field tests. Hardware may be integrated into the simulation loop, such a simulation is defined as a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The pump is the most energy-consuming part of a pumping station, thus improvement and assessment of the pump controller are two of the main considerations in the development of pumping stations. Nevertheless, the developers do not always have access to a real pumping station to run tests on. A HIL simulator that imitates parts of a pumping station while including a real controller in the simulation is therefore desirable for the development of pump controllers.In this thesis, a mathematical model of a pumping station was built based on the physical features of different components, and a HIL simulation was implemented with the programming language Python, in which a real controller was integrated into the simulation loop. Through a three-hour-long simulation run, the functionality of the simulator has been analyzed, and the simulation accuracy was evaluated by comparing simulated results to real data. The results showed that among the 10 800 simulated data points of the water level, there were \(43\) (\(\approx 0.39\%\)) that had a relative change larger than \(30\%\) or less than \(-30\%\) with respect to the field data. This thesis contributes to the field of Python-based simulation of a pumping station, and serves as a foundation for future improvement for the host company. / Användningen av simulering möjliggör testning av ett system utan ett komplett fysiskt system, till en lägre kostnad och färre praktiska begränsningar jämfört med fälttester. Hårdvara kan integreras i simuleringsloopen, en sådan simulering kallas för en hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulering. Pumpen är den mest energikrävande delen i en pumpstation, därför är förbättring och utvärdering av pumpstyrningen två av de viktigaste faktorerna vid utvecklingen av pumpstationer. Dock har utvecklarna inte alltid tillgång till en fysisk pumpstation att köra tester på. En HIL-simulator som imiterar delar av en pumpstation, till vilken en pumpstyrning kan kopplas, är därför önskvärd för utvecklingen av pumpstyrningar.I detta examensarbete konstruerades en matematisk modell av en pumpstation utifrån de fysiska egenskaperna hos olika komponenter. En HIL-simulator var sedan implementerad i programmeringsspråket Python, där en riktig pumpstyrning integrerades i simuleringsloopen. Genom en tre timmar lång körning har simulatorns funktionalitet analyserat, och simuleringsnoggrannheten utvärderades genom att jämföra simulerade resultat med verkliga data. Resultaten visade att \(43\) av de 10 800 (\(\approx 0,39\%\)) simulerade datapunkterna för vattennivån hade en relativ förändring större än \(30\%\) eller mindre än \(-30\%\) med avseende på fältdata. Detta arbete bidrar till området inom Python-baserad simulering av en pumpstation och agerar som en grund för framtida utvecklingar hos värdföretaget.

Rapporten handlar om olika reningstekniker vilka kan användas för att behandla avloppsvatten som släpps ut vid bräddning innan det når recipienten. Rapporten beskriver först vad bräddning är och även vilka problem som kan uppstå när orenat vatten släpps ut och vad det eventuellt kan innehålla. Flera potentiella reningstekniker lyfts fram och analyseras för att sedan kunna användas i en multikriterieanalys med kriterier såsom miljöpåverkan, passivitet och kapacitet. Olika viktningar används för att bestämma hur bra de olika reningsteknikerna är med olika fokus. / The report focuses on various purification techniques that can be used to treat wastewater discharged during overflow events before it reaches the receiving water body. The report begins by describing what overflow events are and the potential issues that can arise when untreated water is discharged, including possible contaminants. Several potential purification techniques are highlighted and analyzed, intending to be utilized in a multicriteria analysis with criteria such as environmental impact, efficiency, and capacity. Different weightings are employed to determine the performance of the various purification techniques based on different focal points.