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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil

Mylich, Falk 22 July 2020 (has links)
Der Beitrag ordnet die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzenden Geschäftsanteil ein. Im Anschluss werden die Konsequenzen für die einzelnen Gesellschaftsformen herausgearbeitet. Das betrifft vor allem die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG, die Teilnahme des atypisch stillen Gesellschafters am Kapitalschutz der GmbH und seine Haftung gegenüber den Gläubigern einer Personengesellschaft. Mit der vorliegenden Sichtweise wird auch eine Basis geschaffen, um im Steuerrecht das hergebrachte Prinzip zur Einordnung des atypisch still Beteiligten als Mitunternehmer zu überdenken und ihn stattdessen wie einen Gesellschafter nach der jeweiligen Gesellschaftsform zu behandeln.:I. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 II. Varianten der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1. Das gesetzliche Modell der typisch stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 2. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 3. Zwischenfazit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 III. Die eigene These: Die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 1. Die Probleme von Wissenschaft und Praxis mit einem atypisch still beteiligten Gesellschafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 2. Der spezielle Fall des „stillen Verbandes“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 3. Die Idee des ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 4. Die Abgrenzung und Nähe zu anderen Beteiligungsverhältnissen . . . . . . 875 5. Kein Widerspruch zur These der Innengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 6. Die Voraussetzungen zur Annahme eines ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . 879 7. Konsequenzen für die folgenden Untersuchungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 IV. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . . . 879 1. § 23 Abs. 5 AktG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 2. Kompetenzfragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 3. Keine Legitimation durch einen anderen Unternehmensvertrag . . . . . . . . 881 4. Ergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 V. Die Kardinalprobleme bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer GmbH . . . . . . 882 1. Die Schaffung atypisch stiller Anteile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 2. Teilnahme am Kapitalschutz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 3. Die Nichtanwendung von § 236 HGB im Insolvenzverfahren . . . . . . . . 885 4. Teilnahme an der Gesellschafterversammlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 5. Treuepflichten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 6. Keine freie Übertragbarkeit und Vererblichkeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 7. Die Stellung des atypisch still Beteiligten bei einer Kapitalerhöhung . . . . . 887 8. Die Rechte bei mittelbarer Beeinträchtigung der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . 888 VI. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1. Die Gleichsetzung mit dem Kommanditisten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 2. Die Haftung wie ein nicht eingetragener Kommanditist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3. Haftung für Altverbindlichkeiten bei späterem Beitritt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 4. Die Haftung bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer OHG . . . . . . . . . . . 893 5. Abschließende Überlegungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 6. Fazit und Zwischenergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 7. Ergänzung: Atypisch stille Beteiligung am einzelkaufmännischen Unternehmen ... 894 VII. Fazit und Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 1. Die Bedeutung der Dogmatik für die Ergebnisfindung . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 2. Offene Fragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 VIII. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1. Die Einordnung der atypisch stillen Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil...898 2. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . 898 3. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer GmbH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 4. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . 899 5. Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899 / This paper qualifies the atypical silent partnership interest (atypisch stille Beteiligung) as an additional company share (ergänzender Geschäftsanteil). Following this, the consequences of such a qualification for the different types of companies and partnerships are presented in detail. The consequences entail in particular the illegality of an atypical silent partnership interest in a public limited company (AG), the application of the rules on capital preservation in a private limited company (GmbH) and the liability towards creditors in a partnership. This approach also lays the foundation to rethink the longstanding tax law principle of treating the atypical silent partner in a body corporate (Körperschaft) as a partner for tax purposes (Mitunternehmer) and not as a shareholder.:I. Einleitung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 II. Varianten der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 1. Das gesetzliche Modell der typisch stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869 2. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871 3. Zwischenfazit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 III. Die eigene These: Die atypisch stille Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 1. Die Probleme von Wissenschaft und Praxis mit einem atypisch still beteiligten Gesellschafter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 2. Der spezielle Fall des „stillen Verbandes“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 874 3. Die Idee des ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 4. Die Abgrenzung und Nähe zu anderen Beteiligungsverhältnissen . . . . . . 875 5. Kein Widerspruch zur These der Innengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 878 6. Die Voraussetzungen zur Annahme eines ergänzenden Geschäftsanteils . . 879 7. Konsequenzen für die folgenden Untersuchungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879 IV. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . . . 879 1. § 23 Abs. 5 AktG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 2. Kompetenzfragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880 3. Keine Legitimation durch einen anderen Unternehmensvertrag . . . . . . . . 881 4. Ergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881 V. Die Kardinalprobleme bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer GmbH . . . . . . 882 1. Die Schaffung atypisch stiller Anteile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 882 2. Teilnahme am Kapitalschutz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883 3. Die Nichtanwendung von § 236 HGB im Insolvenzverfahren . . . . . . . . 885 4. Teilnahme an der Gesellschafterversammlung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 885 5. Treuepflichten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 6. Keine freie Übertragbarkeit und Vererblichkeit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 7. Die Stellung des atypisch still Beteiligten bei einer Kapitalerhöhung . . . . . 887 8. Die Rechte bei mittelbarer Beeinträchtigung der stillen Beteiligung . . . . . . 888 VI. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 1. Die Gleichsetzung mit dem Kommanditisten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 2. Die Haftung wie ein nicht eingetragener Kommanditist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892 3. Haftung für Altverbindlichkeiten bei späterem Beitritt? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 4. Die Haftung bei atypisch stiller Beteiligung an einer OHG . . . . . . . . . . . 893 5. Abschließende Überlegungen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893 6. Fazit und Zwischenergebnis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894 7. Ergänzung: Atypisch stille Beteiligung am einzelkaufmännischen Unternehmen ... 894 VII. Fazit und Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 1. Die Bedeutung der Dogmatik für die Ergebnisfindung . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895 2. Offene Fragen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896 VIII. Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 1. Die Einordnung der atypisch stillen Beteiligung als ergänzender Geschäftsanteil...898 2. Die Unzulässigkeit der atypisch stillen Beteiligung an einer AG . . . . . . . . 898 3. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer GmbH. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 898 4. Die atypisch stille Beteiligung an einer Personengesellschaft . . . . . . . . . . 899 5. Perspektiven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899
42

太史公述國語考. / Taishigong shu Guo yu kao.

January 1992 (has links)
黃學明. / 據稿本複印 / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學中國文學系,1992. / 參考文獻: leaves 394-414 / Huang Xueming. / 前言 --- p.1 / 前言註釋 --- p.5 / Chapter 一 --- «史記» 單用« 國語» 之部分 --- p.7 / 第一部分註釋 --- p.156 / Chapter 二 --- « 史記» 兼用« 國語» 、« 左傳» 之部分 --- p.175 / 第二部分註釋 --- p.355 / 結論 --- p.386 / 引用書目 --- p.394
43

《左傳》鄭服說比義硏究. / 左傳鄭服說比義硏究 / "Zuo zhuan" Zheng Fu shuo bi yi yan jiu. / Zuo zhuan Zheng Fu shuo yan jiu

January 1996 (has links)
陳建樑. / 論文(哲學博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves 423-494. / Chen Jianliang. / Chapter 【第一章】 --- 緒言 --- p.1 / 附表一: 「《左氏傳》前八公之年數及字數統計表」 --- p.7 / 附表二 : 「《左氏傳》後四公之年數及字數統計表」 --- p.8 / 附表三: 「《左氏傳》前八公及後四公公數年數及字數 比重表」 --- p.9 / 附表四: 「鄭玄著述先後表」 --- p.15 / Chapter 【第二章】 --- 綜論 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 緣起 --- p.28 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 「鄭服一家」之說 --- p.31 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 「鄭服有別」之說 --- p.43 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 鄭玄《左氏注》之成書問題 --- p.47 / Chapter 〔第五節〕 --- 張舜徽說之商榷 --- p.61 / Chapter 〔第六節〕 --- 鄭玄《左氏注》與前說《左氏》義 之關係問題 --- p.63 / Chapter 【第三章】 --- 上篇:《左傳》鄭服說比義表 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 同義表 --- p.87 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 異義表 --- p.107 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 別義表 --- p.135 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 三表簡析 --- p.137 / Chapter 【第四章】 --- 下篇:〈左傳〉鄭服說比義類例攷釋 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 字詁同義例 --- p.140 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 取義近同例 --- p.153 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 闡《詩》同義例 --- p.164 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 陰陽五行系統同說例 --- p.175 / Chapter 〔第五節〕 --- 禮制異說例 --- p.221 / Chapter 〔第六節〕 --- 「家法」互異例 --- p.265 / 附表一 :「鄭服用冰時令對照表」 --- p.292 / 附表二 :「鄭服用冰遣詞對照表」 --- p.293 / Chapter 〔第七節〕 --- 分野系統異說例 --- p.306 / 附表:「漢世吳越分野說表」 --- p.351 / 附圖一:「十二次十二辰二十八宿相配圖」 --- p.352 / 附圖二: 「五宮二十八宿十二次方位配合圖」 --- p.352 / 說明 --- p.353 / Chapter 〔第八節〕 --- 義同字異例一 --- p.356 / 義同字異例二 --- p.369 / Chapter 〔第九節〕 --- 闡釋重點互異例一 --- p.391 / 闡釋重點互異例二 --- p.400 / Chapter 【第五章】 --- 結論 / Chapter 〔第一節〕 --- 學術界硏治本題之缺失與不足 --- p.410 / Chapter 〔第二節〕 --- 本文之學術取向與作意 --- p.414 / Chapter 〔第三節〕 --- 「類例攷釋」硏究成果 --- p.417 / Chapter 〔第四節〕 --- 本題與學術史之關係簡論 --- p.420 / 引用及參攷書籍目錄舉要 --- p.423 / 引用及參攷論文目錄舉要 --- p.468
44

比較錢穆與牟宗三的「道統觀」和「朱子學」: 一個後現代式的解讀. / Bi jiao Qian Mu yu Mou Zongsan de "dao tong guan" he "Zhu zi xue": yi ge hou xian dai shi de jie du.

January 1997 (has links)
張家輝. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 169-175. / Zhang Jiahui. / 論文提要 --- p.i / 圖表索引 --- p.iv / 引論 --- p.I / Chapter 第一章 --- 分析架構:當代詮釋學 --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- 詮釋多元化的呼喚 / Chapter 2. --- 「創造的詮釋學」理論 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國儒學的「道統」觀念 --- p.21 / Chapter 1. --- 儒家道統說的涵義及其發展 / Chapter 2. --- 硏究道統觀證成的幾種模式 / Chapter 3. --- 朱熹的歷史地位 / Chapter 第三章 --- 「集大成」的朱熹 --- p.46 / Chapter 1. --- 整個文化大傳統即是道統 / Chapter 2. --- 朱熹對先秦及北宋諸儒的繼承 / Chapter 第四章 --- 錢穆的詮釋視界及其形成背景 --- p.72 / Chapter 1. --- 錢穆與無錫世界 / Chapter 2. --- 東西文化優劣比較與和合性 / Chapter 第五章 --- 「別子爲宗」的朱熹 --- p.87 / Chapter 1. --- 廣義的道統觀 / Chapter 2. --- 第一期:初訪朱子世界 / Chapter 3. --- 第二期:「道德形上學」之建立與朱子的不透 / Chapter 4. --- 第三期:牟氏朱子學的「轉出」 / Chapter 5. --- 第四期:貞定圓教模型 / Chapter 第六章 --- 牟宗三的詮釋視界及其形成背景 --- p.133 / Chapter 1. --- 熊十力與唐君毅對牟宗三的影響 / Chapter 2. --- 從心理角度透視牟宗三的「開出說」 / Chapter 3. --- 小結 / 總結 --- p.164 / 參考書目 --- p.169
45

On the dynamics of some complex fluids / Sur la dynamique de quelques fluides complexes

De Anna, Francesco 30 May 2016 (has links)
Dans le cadre de cette thèse, on s'intéresse à la dynamique de quelques fluides complexes. D'une part on étudie la dynamique des cristaux liquides nématiques, en utilisant les modèles proposés par Ericksen et Leslie, Beris et Edwards, Qian et Sheng. D'autre part, on analyse un fluide complexe dont la dynamique dépend de la température et qui est modélisée par le système de Boussinesq. Les cristaux liquides sont des matériaux avec une phase de la matière intermédiaire entre les liquides et les solides qui sont des phases plus connues. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse à l'étude du problème de Cauchy associé à chaque système modélisant leurs hydrodynamiques. Tout d'abord on obtient des résultats d'existence et d'unicité de solutions faibles ou classiques, solutions qui sont globales en temps. Ensuite, on analyse la propagation de la régularité des données initiales pour ces solutions. Le cadre fonctionnel adopté pour les données initiales est celui des espaces de Besov homogènes, généralisant des classes d'espaces mieux connues : les espaces de Soboloev homogènes et les espaces de Hölder. Le système Ericksen-Leslie est considéré dans la version simplifiée proposée par F. Lin et C. Liu, version qui préserve les principales difficultés du système initial. On étudie ce problème en dimension supérieure ou égale à deux. On considère le système dans le cas inhomogène, c'est-à dire avec une densité variable. De plus, on s'intéresse au cas d'une densité de faible régularité qui est autorisée à présenter des discontinuités. Donc, le résultat que l'on démontre peut être mis en relation avec la dynamique des mélanges de nématiques non miscibles. On démontre l'existence globale en temps de solutions faibles de régularité invariante par changement d'échelle, en supposant une condition de petitesse sur les données initiales dans des espaces de Besov critiques. On démontre aussi l'unicité de ces solutions si de plus on suppose une condition supplémentaire de régularité pour les données initiales. Le système Beris-Edwards est analysé dans le cas bidimensionnel. On obtient l'existence et l'unicité de solutions faibles globales en temps, lorsque les données initiales sont dans des espaces de Sobolev spécifiques (sans condition de petitesse). Le niveau de régularité de ces espaces fonctionnels est adapté pour bien définir les solutions faibles. L'unicité est une question délicate et demande une estimation doublement logarithmique pour une norme sur la différence entre deux solutions dans un espace de Banach convenable. Le lemme d'Osgood permet alors de conclure à l'unicité de la solution. On obtient également un résultat de propagation de régularité d'indice positif. Afin de prendre en compte l'inertie des molécules, on considère aussi le modèle proposé par Qian et Sheng, et on étudie le cas de la dimension supérieure ou égale à deux. Ce système montre une caractéristique structurale spécifique, plus précisément la présence d'un terme inertiel, ce qui génère des difficultés significatives. On démontre l'existence d'une fonctionnelle de Lyapunov et l'existence et l'unicité de solutions classiques globales en temps, en considérant des données initiales petites. Enfin, on analyse le système de Boussinesq et on montre l'existence et l'unicité de solutions globales en temps. On considère la viscosité en fonction de la température en supposant simplement que la température initiale soit bornée, tandis que la vitesse initiale est dans des espaces de Besov avec indice de régularité critique. Les données initiales ont une composante verticale grande et satisfont à une condition de petitesse spécifique sur les composantes horizontales: elles doivent être exponentiellement petites par rapport à la composante verticale. / The present thesis is devoted to the dynamics of specific complex fluids. On the one hand we studythe dynamics of the so-called nematic liquid crystals, through the models proposed by Ericksen and Leslie, Beris and Edwards, Qian and Sheng.On the other hand we analyze the dynamics of a temperature-dependent complex fluid, whose dynamics is governed by the Boussinesq system.Nematic liquid crystals are materials exhibiting a state of matter between an ordinary fluid and a solid. In this thesis we are interested in studying the Cauchy problem associated to eachsystem modelling their hydrodynamics. At first, we establish some well-posedness results, such asexistence and uniqueness of global-in-time weak or classical solutions. Moreover we also analyzesome dynamical behaviours of these solutions, such as propagations of both higher and lowerregularities.The general framework for the initial data is that of Besov spaces, which extend the most widelyknown classes of Sobolev and Hölder spaces.The Ericksen-Leslie system is studied in a simplified form proposed by F. Lin and C. Liu,which retains the main difficulties of the original one. We consider both a two-dimensional and athree-dimensional space-domain. We assume the density to be no constant, i.e. the inhomogeneouscase, moreover we allow it to present discontinuities along an interface so that we can describe amixture of liquid crystal materials with different densities. We prove the existence of global-in-timeweak solutions under smallness conditions on the initial data in critical homogeneous Besov spaces.These solutions are invariant under the scaling behaviour of the system. We also show that theuniqueness holds under a tiny extra-regularity for the initial data.The Beris-Edwards system is analyzed in a two-dimensional space-domain. We achieve existenceand uniqueness of global-in-time weak solutions when the initial data belongs to specific Sobolevspaces (without any smallness condition). The regularity of these functional spaces is suitable inorder to well define a weak solution. We achieve the uniqueness result through a specific analysis,controlling the norm of the difference between to weak solutions and performing a delicate doublelogarithmicestimate. Then, the uniqueness holds thanks to the Osgood lemma. We also achieve aresult about regularity propagation.The Qian-Sheng model is analyzed in a space-domain with dimension greater or equal than two.In this case, we emphasize some important characteristics of the system, especially the presence ofan inertial term, which generates significant difficulties. We perform the existence of a Lyapunovfunctional and the existence and uniqueness of classical solutions under a smallness condition forthe initial data.Finally we deal with the well-posedness of the Boussinesq system. We prove the existence ofglobal-in-time weak solutions when the space-domain has a dimension greater or equal than two.We deal with the case of a viscosity dependent on the temperature. The initial temperature is justsupposed to be bounded, while the initial velocity belongs to some critical Besov Space. The initialdata have a large vertical component while the horizontal components fulfil a specific smallnessconditions: they are exponentially smaller than the vertical component.
46

鼎峙春秋與關公造型之研究

柳珍姬, You , Jinhee Unknown Date (has links)
《鼎峙春秋》是奉乾隆皇帝的命所創造的作品.本劇本,以元明以來流傳的三國演義故事為題材,僅在清代宮廷裡所演出的劇本。 清代極為崇拜關公,而關公到了《鼎峙春秋》呈顯出最完美的形象. 本論文將關公的一生分為七個時段來探討鼎峙春秋中的關公如何被描述, 其中發現本劇作家透過關公的一生突顯出忠義精神和善惡報應思想,以此教導民眾. 本論文雖然不足的地方很多,希望研究關公的學人有所幫助. / 《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》 was made by the order of Qian Long the Emperor of the Ch'ing dynasty. It’s a play only performed at Court. And it’s about the story in the period of the Three Kingdoms which has been one of the people’s favorite subjects since Yuan-Ming Dynasty.The people of the Ch'ing dynasty were more devoted to worship Gwangong than any other times. Therefore, the Gwangong who is a main character of 《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》 is described as the most perfect person whose image is handed down from generation after generation.This paper divided the life of GwanGong into 7 periods based on the important historical trace, and watched how GwanGong’s story was described in《Ding Zhi Chun Qiu》. I was able to find out that the writer had intention to enlighten the people by highlighting a loyalty spirit and right and wrong retribution thoughts through Gwangong in the process. Although this paper has some insufficient points, but I hope this paper would be helpful to those who study Gwangong.
47

反思红卫兵的暴力: 生命传记、文革记忆与政治文化 = Rethinking the violence of the Red Guards : life biography, memory and political culture of the Cultural Revolution. / Rethinking the violence of the Red Guards: life biography, memory and political culture of the Cultural Revolution / Fan si hong wei bing de bao li: sheng ming chuan ji, Wen ge ji yi yu zheng zhi wen hua = Rethinking the violence of the Red Guards : life biography, memory and political culture of the Cultural Revolution.

January 2015 (has links)
本研究以一个曾经在文革中施暴的红卫兵──李乾的生命传记为个案,以布迪厄的社会实践理论为理论框架,探讨主体参与文革与记忆、反思文革的实践,以及对文革意义的理解,进而理解一系列红卫兵实践(尤其是暴力实践)的逻辑。不同于已有文革研究的精英史和社会史路径,本研究试图发展一种传记取向的文革研究路径,分析个体生命经验与其所处社会情境,红卫兵的惯习与其所处的场域的复杂关系,由此更深刻地理解文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 首先,本研究聚焦这些红卫兵文革初期对文革的认知、情感机制与行动策略,指出其实践如何受制于无产阶级专政场域与惯习的作用,如何再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化,即再生产无产阶级专政的象征秩序、权力技术、话语方式与组织机制,如何再生产文革"武斗"的直接暴力与"文斗"的话语暴力。并且,本研究试图说明早期"造反者"的"造反"动力来自其与老红卫兵在革命资格竞争中的"相对剥夺感";这种"造反"并不是为了反抗主流的象征秩序,而是努力争取自身在这套象征秩序中的优势位置和资本。 / 其次,本研究探讨主体生命经验中关键性的暴力事件──"一二.五"事件的实际发生过程,分析"一二.五"事件中这些红卫兵对暴力的认知与情感,以及暴力如何被合法化及赋权,其中的专政对象──"流氓"是如何被建构与想象的,由此揭示特定的政治文化脉络中主体的贱斥动力以及这一暴力实践的逻辑。红卫兵暴力惯习的形塑,不仅受制于文革的革命场域的作用,更受制于建国以来历时性的无产阶级专政场域的作用;同时,这一惯习的运作又在维持和再生产无产阶级专政的政治文化。 / 此外,本研究探讨主体在"一二.五"事件后,如何在一系列社会互动的过程中,逐步实现了意识的转化和主体性变迁,如何从符号中介的生命经验中引入新的认知与情感机制重新理解"一二.五"事件、文革以及无产阶级专政的政治文化。这种批判性的反思实践与主体所处行动场域中的社会位置以及所能接收的多元的、异质性的符号资源密切相关,可以形塑主体惯习的转化,生产新的社会实践以及相应社会关系的改变。 / 最后,本研究试图将当下民间文革记忆与反思实践置于文革与后文革、毛时代与后毛时代的连续性与转型的关系之中,指出为民间记忆与反思实践赋权的政治文化意义。这一反记忆实践不仅打捞普通人被遗忘的、被边缘化的文革记忆,也介入对历史与现实的批判,积极争取个体对历史的话语权,与对现实政治、文化的参与权。 / Taking the life biography of a former Red Guard Li Qian who committed violence during the Cultural Revolution (CR) as a case, this research employs Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice to explore the Red Guards’ participatory, mnemonic and reflective practices during the CR, as well as their understanding of the CR, with the aim of further understanding the logics of the Red Guards’ practices (especially their violent practices). Different from the traditional approaches of political history and social history, this study attempts to develop a biography approach to study the CR. It analyzes the complex relations between individuals’ life experiences and their social contexts, between the Red Guards’ habitus and the specific field, to understand the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. / First, this study focuses on the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism and action strategy during the early days of the CR. It investigates how their practices are subject to the conditioning of the field and habitus of the Proletarian Dictatorship, how they reproduce the political culture of Proletarian Dictatorship in terms of its symbolic order, power technology, discourse mode, and organizational mechanism, and how they reproduce the physical and discursive violence of the CR. This thesis also maintains that the dynamics of the early "rebels" were derived from their feelings of relative deprivation in the contest with the old Red Guards for revolutionary recognition. These "rebels" did not aim to resist the mainstream symbolic order, but to strive for the dominant position and capitals in the symbolic order of the CR. / Second, this study probes into the actual process of the "December Fifth" Event that was the most important life experience of Li Qian. It analyzes the Red Guards’ cognitive and emotional mechanism towards violence, how the violence was legitimized and empowered in this event, and how the images of the so-called "hooligan" were constructed and imagined. It reveals the dynamic of the subject’s abjection in the context of the specific political culture, and the logic of the violent practice. On the one hand, the Red Guards’ violent habitus was not only subject to the conditioning of the field of the Proletarian Dictatorship but also to the conditioning of the field of the CR. On the other hand, the operation of the violent habitus also maintained and reproduced the political culture of the Proletarian Dictatorship. / Third, this study examines how Li Qian realized the transformation of the consciousness and subjectivity through a series of social interaction. It also taps into his new cognitive and emotional mechanism developed under the symbolic mediation of his actual life experiences, thus understanding the "December Fifth" Event, as well as the political culture of the CR and the Proletarian Dictatorship. The critical reflective practice was closely related to the subject’s social position in the specific field and the diverse, heterogeneous symbolic resources that he absorbed. They shaped the transformation of the habitus, producing new social practices and the corresponding changes of social relations. / Finally, by putting the practices of popular memory and reflection on the CR into the continuity and the transformation between the CR and the Post-CR, and between the Maoist era and the Post-Mao era, this thesis emphasizes the political and cultural significance of these practices. These counter-memory practices not only dig into and revive the forgotten and marginalized memories of the CR, but also engage with historical and contemporary criticism, and actively assent the ordinary people’s rights to speak their histories and to participate in the current politics and culture. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 袁梦倩. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-283). / Abstracts also in English. / Yuan Mengqian.
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荀悦《漢紀》用《史記》、《漢書》考. / 荀悦漢紀用史記、漢書考 / On Xun Yue's employment of the Shi-ji and the Han-shu in his Han-ji / Xun Yue "Han ji" yong "Shi ji", "Han shu" kao. / Xun Yue Han ji yong Shi ji, Han shu kao

January 2007 (has links)
梁德華. / "2007年8月" / "附錄1: 《漢紀》、《漢書》、《史記》三書比勘表"--P. 1-873 (2nd group). / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(leaves 197-209). / "2007 nian 8 yue" / "Fu lu 1: 'Han ji', 'Han shu', 'Shi ji' san shu bi kan biao"--P. 1-873 (2nd group). / Abstract also in English. / Liang Dehua. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 197-209). / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Chapter 第一章: --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章: --- 荀悦生平及其學術背景 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一節: --- 荀悦的生平 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節: --- 《漢紀》、《申鑒》引書硏究 --- p.5 / Chapter 第三節: --- 「荀悦曰」與儒家典籍之關係 --- p.35 / Chapter 第三章: --- 《漢紀》用《史記》考 --- p.48 / Chapter 第一節: --- 前人硏究《漢紀》史源槪況 --- p.48 / Chapter 第二節: --- 《漢紀》用《史記》集證 --- p.53 / Chapter i. --- 《漢紀》用《史記》官名、數字及人物例 --- p.54 / Chapter ii. --- 《漢紀》據《史記》補充史料及文句例 --- p.61 / Chapter iii. --- 《漢紀》直用《史記》文辭例 --- p.69 / Chapter iv. --- 《漢紀》據《史記》改寫文辭例 --- p.77 / Chapter V. --- 《漢紀》與徐廣所見古本《史記》相合例 --- p.88 / Chapter 第三節: --- 結語 --- p.91 / Chapter 第四章: --- 《漢紀》用《漢書》考 --- p.100 / Chapter 第一節: --- 化紀傳體爲編年體 --- p.100 / Chapter 第二節: --- 通比其事 --- p.104 / Chapter 第三節: --- 《漢紀》、《資治通鑑》比事硏究 --- p.106 / Chapter i. --- 取材問題. --- p.109 / Chapter a. --- 《漢紀》弓懺《漢´書Ø志》、〈表〉之文句不見於《通鑑》例 --- p.110 / Chapter b. --- 《漢紀》引錄《漢´書Ø傳》之內容不見於《通鑑》例 --- p.118 / Chapter ii. --- 紀年問題 --- p.125 / Chapter a. --- 論《漢紀》記事以人物爲中心而《通鑑》以時間爲中心 --- p.127 / Chapter b. --- 論《漢紀》記事連類相及而《通鑑》繫年於確實年份 --- p.131 / Chapter 第四節: --- 《漢紀》整理《漢書》之方法 --- p.133 / Chapter i. --- 《漢紀》迻錄《漢書》原文例 --- p.133 / Chapter ii. --- 《漢紀》以通假、同義、近義詞改易《漢書》文句例 --- p.135 / Chapter iii. --- 《漢紀》删削《漢書》人物對白例 --- p.139 / Chapter iv. --- 《漢紀》删削《漢書》情節例 --- p.145 / Chapter v. --- 《漢紀》因删削而失《漢書》原文文意例 --- p.152 / Chapter vi. --- 《漢紀》槪括《漢書》文句例 --- p.156 / Chapter vii. --- 《漢紀》修飾《漢書》文辭例 --- p.160 / Chapter viii. --- 《漢紀》改寫《漢書》文句例 --- p.165 / Chapter ix. --- 《漢紀》補充《漢書》例 --- p.172 / Chapter X. --- 《漢紀》倂合《漢書》不同篇章例 --- p.178 / Chapter Xi. --- 《漢紀》據其他古籍改易《漢書》文句例 --- p.186 / Chapter 第四節: --- 結語 --- p.192 / Chapter 第五章: --- 結論 --- p.195 / 參考書目 --- p.197 / Chapter 附錄一: --- 《漢紀》、《漢書》、《史記》三書比勘表 --- p.1-837
49

司馬遷的經濟思想與貨殖人物書寫 / Sima Qian’s Economic thought and the writing of the entrepreneurs in Huo Zhi

黃瓊如 Unknown Date (has links)
司馬遷的經濟思想是反對漢武帝中央集權下「與民爭利」的對撞產物。武帝為政時期,發動頻繁的漢匈戰役,致使國庫空虛,財政大臣桑弘羊便開設一系列增稅、鹽鐵官營、均輸平準與幣制改革等相關政策來因應。然這些措施,短時間內能增豐國庫,但長期執行時會減弱國家的競爭力,因此司馬遷提出「善者因之,其次利道之,其次教誨之,其次整齊之,最下者與之爭」的善因論,即自由經濟主張。 司馬遷認為追求利益是人之本性,也是亂源的開始,唯有讓人民的趨利性合理化,同時以禮義教化人民,才能營造一個富而好禮的社會,故富裕是穩定社會秩序的基礎。唯有讓經濟領導政治,才是長期保有國家競爭力的良策。至於該如何提倡自由經濟?司馬遷認為應從重視商業活動開始,讓商業探測市場需求,來帶動其他產業的產能。他對政治家范蠡與民間企業家白圭兩人相當推崇,佩服他們治國或是治家的本領。他認同白圭所說,治生有方的人需具備「智、勇、仁、彊」的人格特質,故將春秋戰國與西漢前期,一些具有這些特質的富商大賈,選入〈貨殖列傳〉,給予「素封」的封號,認為這群貨殖人物,不靠爵位、仕途,憑自己的巧智與努力,享有不輸君王般的富貴與尊榮。 司馬遷因遭遇李陵之禍,在「家貧,貨賂不足以自贖」的窘境下,被處以宮刑。他省思當朝的財經政策,諸多策略是應戰爭需求而籌措的經費,而他遭遇宮刑不就是因為漢匈對戰,才引發的連鎖效應嗎?這層層的思考,啟動他對政治、經濟議題的敏銳思維,他把這些歷史寫入〈平準書〉中,大談武帝在位期間的重要財政改革,又在《史記》之末書寫〈貨殖列傳〉,將治生有方的良賈事蹟,寫入史書,樹立貨殖人物的典範,以供後世參考,期許每人都能用財自衛不被侵犯。 司馬遷是中國史上第一個將民間企業的活動寫入史書的史學家,從他撰寫的角度可知他見證到國家在寬鬆制度下的市場活力,當國家對財經制度的掌控越低,越能產生一些優秀的貨殖家。 司馬遷身處西漢時代,他已嗅到戰國時期商業興盛的氣息,藉著早年遊走大江南北的旅遊經歷,對秦時已開發的水利工程,促進區域經濟的發展,感觸甚深。他體悟到都會地區的經營能帶動文化事業的發展,故好好經營城市,讓文明的輻射源,從城市往外拓展,便能提升人的精神層次。 綜觀司馬遷談經濟議題,其終極目標是想推行仁政,他感受到國家執行的每一財經措施,無不影響人民的生活品質,認為經濟是民生大事也是國家大事,施政者需體會到唯有民富才能國富。 / Sima Qian's economic thought was the product of the collision which the country competed with the people for the interest. It was also the product that opposed to Han Dynasty’s centralization. During his reign of Emperor Wu-ti, he launched frequent campaigns and resulted in the void of the state treasury. The Minister of the Finance, Sang Hong Yang, set up a series of polices related to tax increases, government-run salt, public procurement and stabilizing prices to cope with it. However, these measures could only increase the nation’s wealth in a short time, they would weaken the country's competitiveness in a long-term. So, Sima Qian put forward “The Economic theory of Shan Yin.” The best way to improve the economic was to follow the free market; the second was to guide the people; the third was to teach them; the forth was to restrict them with the law; and the fifth was to compete the profit with people. Sima Qian thought that the pursuit of interest was human’s nature, but it also was the source of society’s chaos in the beginning. Only when people made the profit to be rationalized, and people be taught with the manner and rituals did government make a rich, propriety society, and ethical society. Therefore, richness was the foundation for a stable society and country. The best policy for the country to maintain the long-term national competition was to let the economics lead the politics. As for how to promote the free economy? He thought that the government could attach importance to business activities to let commerce explore the market demand and boost the production capacity of other industries. He highly praised both two people (politicians, Fan Li and private entrepreneur, Bai Gui). He admired them for their abilities of statecraft and managing the household. He agreed what Bai Gui said, “The one who maintained livelihood in the right way needed to has wisdom, courage, benevolence, and perseverance personality.” By choosing some wealthy merchants who met with these genius as the paradigm in Spring and Autumn Period Warring States and early Western Han Dynasty, he booked them into the “Huo Zhi Biography” in Shihchi ; and gave them the title of Su-Feng ( powerful person without the title of nobility). According to Sima Qian’s opinion, they didn’t rely on the birth of nobility and official career. They depended on their own ingenuity and hard work to obtain the upper position of dignitary and wealth as kings. Sima Qian suffered implication by vindicating for Li Ling who had surrendered in the war ,and was punished to be castrated because he couldn’t afford to pay for the ransom. After that, He stated to make the reflection about the country’s finical policy and found out that a lot of tactics of fund-raising were merely for the war. His personal suffering (being castrated) was the best evidence to prove one of the Chain Reaction of results that caused by launching the campaign with its enemy-Hsiungnu in Western Han Dynasty . These clues helped him to light up his keen thought about politics and economic issues ,and record these history in the “Book of Stabilized Prize” in Shihchi. He discussed about the importance of fiscal reform during the reign of the Emperor Wu-ti in Western Han-Dynasty and put the“ Huo Zhi Biography” in Shihchi. He wrote down the stories of the Business men who held livelihood in the right way in the history ,and set up the pattern of “Huo Zhi Biography” for the reference of the latter generation. He hoped that each person could use the wealth as the self-defense weapon and not to be encroached by other people or countries. Sima Qian was the first Historian who had recorded the activities of the private enterprises of the ancient China on the book in the official history. From his point of view, we might learn that he had witnessed the market vitality under loose system. When a country takes the loose policies to the finance and economics system, some outstanding entrepreneurs will be developed. Though, Sima Qian was born in Western Han Dynasty, he had become aware of the messages of commercial prosperity in the Warring States period. By taking the trips around, he gained some travel experiences ,and had a great stirring of emotion about the Hydraulic engineering that had been constructed in former Qin Dynasty. For it could promote regional economic development. He figured out that if the government managed the Metropolitan areas well, it could prosper cultural establishment. Therefore, to operate the city well is the good way to let the source of the civilized radiation explore everywhere and upgrade the level of human’s spirit. To sum up, the goal of Sima Qian’s economics issues is trying to carry out the policy of benevolence and good administration. He thought that the implementation of financial measures would all affect people's quality of life. In addition, the economics was a great event for both people and the country. It not only influenced people’s livelihood but power of a nation. The governor needed to understand that only when people were rich, the country could be powerful.
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裂變之後的桃源建構: 清初陶學研究. / 清初陶學研究 / Construction of the "Peach-blossom spring": a study of "Tao xue" in the early Qing dynasty / Lie bian zhi hou de tao yuan jian gou: Qing chu Tao xue yan jiu. / Qing chu Tao xue yan jiu

January 2013 (has links)
本文是第一部專以清初陶學為研究對象的論文,擬從文人的情懷、詩學的演變、詩歌的用意、意象的運用、注本的闡釋等多角度概述清初陶學的全貌。在方法上,筆者除分析當時文人對陶淵明的評論外,還選取了清初四十家身份不同的文人,比較他們詩作中運用的陶淵明典故,探討他們對「陶淵明形象」的塑造與取捨,並以歷史背景為線索,梳理陶淵明意象在清初文人心目中地位的差異與其變化。 / 基於上述的研究,筆者認為以往學術界把清初陶學只理解為「忠憤」的表現是不夠全面的,尤其是清初關於陶淵明的討論,除了遺民文人有熱烈的參與外,非遺民文人亦有相當數量的研究,而且他們之間還存在着不少的交流,互相回應。正因如此,清初和陶風氣盛極一時,並且出現了一種嶄新、「反其致」的和陶現象--〈反乞食〉詩。 / 這種借用陶淵明的意象互相交流與回應,更多反映在詩歌方面。清初文人借讀陶、評陶、和陶等方法抒發他們於易代間的鬱悶。這種詩歌世界,重現了陶淵明筆下的桃源,在這裏,他們「不知有漢,無論魏晉」,思想上可以暫時脫離現實的痛苦,悠然人間。這也使得清初《陶集》評注本的編撰,一改南宋以來十卷本的「全集」形式,而偏重於四卷本,只收錄詩作的體制。 / The author intends to discuss the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing Dynasty from the aspects such as the emotions of poets, the changes of poetics, the intentions of poetries, the poetic imageries and the differences of the editions. And, it is the first work focusing solely on the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing Dynasty. Regarding the research methods, this dissertation not only studies the critiques through the existed methods, but also analyses the existed materials in a different manner. By comparing the literary allusions of Tao Yuanming’s life of 40 scholars lived in Early Qing who had different social background, the thesis discusses how these people constructed the images of Tao Yuanming and how they selected from Tao’s qualities. The thesis also tries to sort out the different attitudes of Tao among scholars of Early Qing and its changes with regard to the historical context. / Based on the research, the author finds out that the existed understanding of the reception of Tao Yuanming in the Early Qing, which focuses on the leftover citizen’s aspect, and which portrays Tao image as a rebellion was largely incomplete. Apart from the vigorous discussions regarding the images of Tao among the leftover citizen, the non-leftover citizen also discussed Tao with great enthusiasm. Under this circumstance, a new form of He Tao Shi(和陶詩) “poems written to match Tao’s , was found in opposite mode in order to response to those leftover citizen. / By appropriation of Tao’s images in their communication and responding each other especially in poems, scholars lived in Early Qing expressed their uneasiness and pain as in the change of the regime through reading, commentary and writing of Tao’s collections. Thus, this special kind of poem allowed the Early Qing scholars to escape from the distress of the reality to an ideal world, a typical example of which was “Peach-Blossom Spring created by Tao Yuanming. This tendency reflected in the editions of Tao’s works in Early Qing Dynasty that Tao’s poems received much attention while other forms of works were not included in the collections of works. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 梁樹風. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 331-376) / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Liang Shufeng. / 提要 --- p.I / 目錄 --- p.III / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究範圍 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究旨趣 --- p.7 / Chapter 第三節 --- 相關文獻回顧 --- p.14 / Chapter 第四節 --- 論文架構與研究方法 --- p.17 / Chapter 第二章 --- 清初陶學背景 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 明清易代與文人「生死」的抉擇 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二節 --- 陶淵明生存方式對清初文人的啟示 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初文人寄情陶淵明的表現 --- p.37 / Chapter 第四節 --- 清初遺民的逃禪與蓮社之約 --- p.56 / Chapter 第三章 --- 清初詩學與陶詩評價的關係 --- p.91 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初詩壇尋「真」對陶詩評價的影響 --- p.91 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初「詩史」的重視與陶淵明甲子紀年之義 --- p.115 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初田園詩的復興與陶淵明田園詩內涵的解讀 --- p.130 / Chapter 第四章 --- 清初的擬陶、集陶與和陶 --- p.151 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初擬陶與集陶的表現與陶文詩意的賞讀 --- p.152 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初和陶詩的表現與其意義 --- p.162 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初擬陶、和陶的觴濫--陶淵明〈酒二十首〉 --- p.169 / Chapter 第四節 --- 清初的「反乞食詩」 --- p.184 / Chapter 第五章 --- 清初的陶淵明意象與繪事 --- p.206 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清初陶淵明與菊的意象與繪事 --- p.207 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初桃源的意象與繪事 --- p.228 / Chapter 第六章 --- 清初《陶集》評注本 --- p.257 / Chapter 第一節 --- 《陶淵明集》版本源流與清初的《陶淵明集》 --- p.257 / Chapter 第二節 --- 清初的《陶淵明集》注釋 --- p.277 / Chapter 第三節 --- 清初《陶集》評注的特色 --- p.319 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結論 --- p.328 / 參考書目 --- p.331 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 清初文人詩作用陶淵明典故語句輯錄 --- p.1 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 清初文人用陶淵明典故的創作時間與數量分佈 --- p.105 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 歷代書目所錄《陶淵明集》 --- p.106 / Chapter 附錄四 --- 宋代《陶集》注本研究 --- p.119 / Chapter 附錄五 --- 清初文人和陶詩附表 --- p.147

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