Studiens syfte är att undersöka instrumentallärares uppfattningar och erfaranheter av att arbeta med rytmik i instrumentalundervisning. Undersökningen grundar sig i intervjuer av fyra instrumentallärare. I bakgrundskapitlet beskrivs Dalcroze-metoden, rytmikinspirerad undervisning och tidigare forskning om rytmik. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv med ett livsvärldsperspektiv använts för att ta del av instrumentallärarnas erfarna livsvärld i användningen av rytmikinspirerad undervisning. Metoden som används i föreliggande studie är semistrukturerade intervjuer som presenteras i metodkapitlet. Här presenteras studiens analyssätt som är tematisk analys. Metodkapitlet ger även en presentation över de fyra intervjupersoner som ligger till grund i föreliggande studie. I resultatkapitlet presenteras instrumentallärarnas användande och syn på rytmikinspirerad undervisning. Kapitlet är uppdelat i tre teman: upplevelsen av rytmikinspirerad undervisning, erfarandet av rytmikinspirerad undervisning ochbegränsningar. Resultatet visar att lärarna använder sig av rytmikinslag på liknande sätt men olika mycket.  Erfarandet av rytmikinspirerad undervisning som framkommer är klapp, stamp, gå i puls och att kroppen används för i utlärning av takt, periodkänsla och gestaltning. I resultatet framkommer även att de flesta lärarna vill använda sig av rytmikinspirerad undervisning, men på grund av begränsningar såsom tid, rum och okunskap gör de inte det. Dessa lärare vill även ha mer fortbildning för att lära sig mer om rytmik och hur det kan integreras med de instrument de undervisar i. I diskussionen lyfts studiens frågeställningar fram i två teman utifrån studiens frågeställningar: upplevelsen av rytmikinspirerad undervisning  ocherfarandet av rytmikinspirerad undervisning. / The aim of this study is to explore the instrumental teachers' perceptions and experience of working with rhythm in instrumental teaching. To investigate the this purpose, four instrumental teachers have been interviewed about rhythmically-inspired teaching. The background chapter describes the Dalcroze method, rhythmically-inspired teaching and previous research on rhythmics. The theoretical starting point for this study is a pheomenolocical perspective with a life-world perspective used to take part in the instrumental teachers' experience in the use of rhythmically-inspired teaching. The method used in this study consists of semi-structured interviews and is presented in the method chapter. Thematic analysis is also presented as the studys method of analysis. The result chapter presents the instrumental teachers' use and view of rhythmically inspired teaching. The chapter is divided into three themes: the view of rhythmically-inspired teaching, the use of rhythmically-inspired teaching andconstraints. The results show that the teachers use rhythmic themes in a similar way. However they use it in various amount. Rhythmically-inspired teaching that emerges is handclaps, stamp, pulse and the body is used for the learning of pace, periodicity and gesture. Evident in the analysis is that most teachers in the study want to use rhythmically inspired teaching but due to limitations such as time, space and ignorance, they do not. These teachers also want more education to learn more about rhythmics and how it can be integrated with the instruments they teach. In the discussion, the study's research questions are divided in two themes: the use of rhythmically-inspired teaching and the view of rhythmically-inspired teaching.

This study focused on science teaching that promoted the interest of African American teenage girls in the science classroom of an exemplary African American science teacher. It focused on, observed and examined the planning, teaching and learning strategies used by the science teacher. It also described what the science teacher experienced during her high school years, during college, during her teaching career. The case study approach/method was used for this research to capture the description and examination of the practices of the science teacher. This research described how an African American female science teacher serves as a role model and influence a number of African Americans students, especially girls, who experience careers in science. During the interviews and observations the researcher used a system of record keeping for the study to include note taking, audio taping and pictures. It is evident in the findings that the teacher in this study had qualities of an exemplary teacher according to the research. It is further evident that the teacher served as a role model for her students. The results indicated that the exemplary African America science teacher was motivated by her former African American science teacher that served as a role model. The results in this study implied that the lack of the presence of more exemplary African American science teachers has an impact on the level of interest that African American students have in science. Further, it is implied that there is a great need for more practical research that may lead to closing the gap of missing African American science teachers.

La thèse analyse un type de stratégie particulier, les stratégies d'intermédiation, définies comme toute orientation délibérée de l'activité d'une firme ou d'une part de son activité vers la gestion des relations entre deux groupes ou plus d'acteurs dans une chaîne d'offre. Elle pose la question: comment une nouvelle stratégie d'intermédiation peut-elle contribuer, face à des menaces ou des opportunités nouvelles, à créer, accroître ou maintenir le niveau de rente de la firme sur ses clients, fournisseurs et partenaires ? Les champs théoriques mobilisés sont la chaîne et le système de valeur, l'encastrement des relations, et l'analyse de la microstructure des marchés. Une étude de cas approfondie, et une comparaison des cas selon la méthode QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis) permettent de tester une série de propositions portant sur la dynamique des stratégies d'intermédiation, et sur les modalités de création de valeur et d'appropriation de rente qu'elle favorisent.

L'analyse des politiques en Afrique s'est jusqu'à présent focalisée sur l'évaluation de celles-ci. Au moment où plusieurs réformes sont entreprises et où la démocratisation amène progressivement de nouveaux acteurs sur la scène politique, il est utile d'analyser comment les politiques publiques se font. Cette thèse examine la réforme de la politique de recrutement des enseignants en Afrique francophone. Elle montre que la réforme est née des insuffisances de la politique habituelle, mais surtout des recherches en économie de l'éducation qui ont conclu qu'elle était nécessaire. Cependant, tous les pays ne l'ont pas adopté. Parmi ceux qui l'ont fait, les facteurs l'ayant déclenché sont variables : fort déficit en enseignants, existence de schémas alternatifs de recrutement et surtout pression des bailleurs via l'aide extérieure. Dans certains pays, la société civile a été plus impliquée dans la réforme. Mais, cette plus forte implication n'a pas nécessairement empêché que la réforme qui ciblait la réduction du salaire des nouveaux enseignants soit conduite.

Cette thèse analyse l’évolution et la variété des systèmes de contrôle de gestion (SCG) dans le contexte de transition post-soviétique et détermine les facteurs qui expliquent l’existence, l’étendue et l’usage des SCG. Des études de cas longitudinales sur deux anciennes entreprises soviétiques d’État (perspective historique) permettent de déterminer les principales caractéristiques des SCG dans le cadre du système économique centralisé et d’expliquer les transformations induites par la transition vers l’économie de marché dans une perspective de l’ancien institutionnalisme économique. Une étude de cas multiple (huit entreprises) évalue l’état actuel du contrôle de gestion et constate une diversité des SCG. En mobilisant les théories institutionnelles et de la contingence, huit facteurs potentiels d’influence des SCG sont identifiés (3 institutionnels et 5 contingents) et analysés ensuite à l’aide de l’analyse quali-quantitative comparée, méthode qui permet de traiter un petit nombre de cas. Les résultats mettent en exergue l’influence des pressions coercitives sur l’existence d’un système de contrôle formel, des pressions normatives sur son usage instrumental et de la décentralisation sur la nature stratégique de ce système. Cette analyse permet de proposer une typologie des SCG en contexte post-soviétique. / This thesis analyzes the evolution and the diversity of management control systems (MCS) in the post-Soviet transition context and determines the factors that explain the existence, extent and use of MCS. Longitudinal case studies of two former Soviet state enterprises (historical perspective) allow to determine the main features of MCS in the context of the centralized economic system and to explain the transformations induced by the transition to a market economy through the old economic institutionalism approach. A multiple case study (8 companies) assesses the current state of management control and notes a diversity of MCS. By mobilizing the institutional and contingency theories, eight potential influence factors are identified (3 institutional and 5 contingent) and then analyzed using the Qualitative Comparative Analysis, a method that allows the treatment of small number of cases. The results highlight the influence of coercive pressures on the existence of a formal control system, of normative pressures on its instrumental use and of decentralization on the strategic dimension of this system. This analysis allows to propose a typology of MCS in a post-Soviet context.

FARIAS, Demóstenes Moreira de. O crédito oficial e o emprego: uma avaliação quali-quantitativa em micro e pequenas empresas de Fortaleza-CE. 2008. 149f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2008. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-09-26T17:26:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008-DIS-DMFARIAS.pdf: 720358 bytes, checksum: 62cef6b45d2994135bf96153c08c8ac1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-09-26T17:26:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008-DIS-DMFARIAS.pdf: 720358 bytes, checksum: 62cef6b45d2994135bf96153c08c8ac1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-26T17:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008-DIS-DMFARIAS.pdf: 720358 bytes, checksum: 62cef6b45d2994135bf96153c08c8ac1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / This research aims at contributing to the knowledge and comprehension of the work characteristics generated by the micro and small enterprises (MSEs), formalized from the debate under the relevance of the segment to generate jobs. Especially considering that formal work is the one that guarantees the social benefits to the workers. The focused MSEs are formalized enterprises located in Fortaleza-CE that had access to credit in a federal financial institution, more specifically the Northeast Bank of Brazil (BNB). It has been utilized the quali-quantitative methodological approach, aiming, through mix methods, to establish a complementarity among the given information – by one side, through the secondary data and theoretical inputs and, by the other side, the different points of view of the actors involved – internally or on the environment of the MSEs. There have been applied non-participant observation techniques and deep evaluation on the gathering and analysis of the representations by the actors involved in the segment’s enterprises. Therefore, there has been searched a contribution to understand the credit relations, the kind of jobs generated by the MSEs, workers´s life conditions, as well as other related phenomena. / Este trabalho procura contribuir para se conhecer e compreender as características do emprego gerado no âmbito das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) formalizadas, a partir do debate posto em torno da geração de empregos pelo segmento. As empresas formalizadas interessam ao estudo, de forma especial, pelo fato de ser a modalidade formal considerada pela literatura como a que garante os benefícios sociais ao trabalhador. As MPEs enfocadas são, portanto, empresas formalizadas, localizadas em Fortaleza-CE, que tiveram acesso ao crédito até dois anos antes do estudo, em uma instituição financeira federal, mais especificamente o Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A., cuja missão preconiza o desenvolvimento da região Nordeste. Por via da mixagem de técnicas (mix methods), foi utilizado o enfoque metodológico quali-quantitativo, objetivando-se estabelecer a complementaridade entre as informações proporcionadas - por um lado, pelos dados secundários e aportes teóricos e - por outro lado, as visões dos atores envolvidos, seja internamente, seja no entorno das MPEs. Foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas na pesquisa de campo, assim como as ferramentas aplicadas à coleta das representações dos atores envolvidos nas empresas do segmento abriram amplas possibilidades da aplicação da avaliação em profundidade em trabalhos futuros. Buscou-se, assim, apresentar uma contribuição para se conhecer e compreender que tipo do emprego que as MPEs propiciam; as visões e as condições de vida dos empregados do segmento, assim como outros fenômenos afins que o cercam.

Les politiques publiques encouragent le développement de « Jeunes Entreprises Innovantes » (JEI). La littérature aborde en profondeur les motivations des entrepreneurs, ainsi que les enjeux des phases d’idéation et de création. En revanche, après la création, les enjeux liés à l’évaluation des opportunités entrepreneuriales, en vue de sélectionner celles les plus à même de développer une croissance forte, ont reçu une attention limitée.Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons une extension du cadre intégrateur de Fayolle (2010) sur l’organisation entrepreneuriale, en définissant une typologie des opportunités et en précisant les conditions de leur sélection ou non par les entrepreneurs.Les résultats de cette thèse permettent d’élaborer des outils et des enseignements managériaux pour les entrepreneurs et leurs parties prenantes (financeurs, conseils). / Public policies encourage the development of technological startups. The literature deals in depth with the motivations of entrepreneurs, as well as the challenges related to startup ideation and creation. However, once created, limited attention was paid to the issues related to the evaluation of entrepreneurial opportunities in order to select those most likely to develop strong growth.To address this issue, we propose an extension of Fayolle's (2010) framework on entrepreneurial organization, by defining a typology of opportunities and specifying the conditions for their selection or not by entrepreneurs.The results of this thesis make it possible to develop tools and managerial teaching for entrepreneurs and related parties (funds, advisors).

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / Os usos múltiplos dos recursos hídricos geram conflitos de ordem quantitativa e qualitativa em escala de bacia hidrográfica, impulsionando o surgimento de ferramentas computacionais, com os mais diferentes níveis de complexidades, no auxílio à gestão e planejamento das águas superficiais. Este trabalho apresenta uma ferramenta de uso livre para a avaliação da qualidade da água em ambiente lótico, denominada QUALI-TOOL, utilizando-se de linguagem de programação Visual Basic com interface gráfica no Excel. A ferramenta permite a simulação dos parâmetros arbitrários (sólidos suspensos, compostos tóxicos, entre outros), oxigênio dissolvido, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, fósforo total, nitrogênio orgânico, amônia, nitrato, Escherichia Coli e metais pesados. Para o emprego de toda a potencialidade da ferramenta, utilizou-se como área de estudo uma bacia hipotética, cujo trecho de aproximadamente 62,5 km do rio principal recebe tributários, lançamentos pontuais e difusos de cargas poluentes e demandas consuntivas pontuais. O QUALI-TOOL revelou-se uma ferramenta útil para a comunidade acadêmica e profissional quanto ao planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos em escala local e de bacia hidrográfica. O manual do usuário foi organizado com uma sequência de tópicos que ajuda no entendimento do usuário principiante. O manual traz também a resolução de um exemplo prático de autodepuração em um trecho de rio, cuja metodologia do sistema abrange toda a potencialidade da ferramenta. De uma forma geral, a ferramenta computacional QUALI-TOOL pode ser utilizada para fins acadêmico e técnico no planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos em escala local e de bacia hidrográfica. / The uses of water resources generate conflicts of quantitative and qualitative nature in basin scale, it impelling the development of computational tools with the most different levels of complexity, which assist the management and planning in water surface. This paper presents an free tool for evaluation of water quality in lotic environment, called QUALI-TOOL, using a Visual Basic programming language with graphical interface in Excel. The tool allows the simulation of arbitrary parameters (suspended solids, toxic compounds and others), dissolved oxygen, oxygen biochemistry, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrate, Escherichia-coli and heavy metals. For the usage of the tool's full potential, a hypothetical basin was used as the study area, in which 62.5 km of the main river receives tributaries, punctual and diffuse inputs of pollutant loads and punctual consumptive demand. The simulations were also performed in others two computational tools to verify the accuracy of QUALI-TOOL. QUALI-TOOL has proved to be a useful tool for academic and professional community in planning and managing water resources in local and basin scale. The user’s manual was organized in a topic sequence, helpful for the begginers users. The manual also provides a solution of a practical example of selfcleaning in a fictional stretch of a river, which the system metodology uses all the toll’s poten- ciality. In general, the QUALI-TOOL computational tool can be used for academic and technical purposes in the planning and management of water resources at local and river basin level. Keywords: Computational / Dissertação (Mestrado)

L’analyse des politiques en Afrique s’est jusqu’à présent focalisée sur l’évaluation de celles-ci. Au moment où plusieurs réformes sont entreprises et où la démocratisation amène progressivement de nouveaux acteurs sur la scène politique, il est utile d’analyser comment les politiques publiques se font. Cette thèse examine la réforme de la politique de recrutement des enseignants en Afrique francophone. Elle montre que la réforme est née des insuffisances de la politique habituelle, mais surtout des recherches en économie de l’éducation qui ont conclu qu’elle était nécessaire. Cependant, tous les pays ne l’ont pas adopté. Parmi ceux qui l’ont fait, les facteurs l’ayant déclenché sont variables : fort déficit en enseignants, existence de schémas alternatifs de recrutement et surtout pression des bailleurs via l’aide extérieure. Dans certains pays, la société civile a été plus impliquée dans la réforme. Mais, cette plus forte implication n’a pas nécessairement empêché que la réforme qui ciblait la réduction du salaire des nouveaux enseignants soit conduite. / Policy analysis in Africa has mainly focused on their evaluation. Now that several reforms are undertaken and that the progressive move toward democracy allows new actors to enter the political arena, it is useful to analyze how decisions on public issues are made. The dissertation examines the reform of the teacher recruitment policy in francophone Africa. The reform consisted in changing the teacher status in order to allow the government to pay a lower salary to new teachers. The drawbacks of the usual policy and research from the area of economics of education demonstrating that the reform was necessary put the issue on the agenda. If many countries adopted it, some have not. Factors that triggered the reforms vary among countries: the severity of the lack of teachers, the existence of a high number of teachers paid by the communities, and mainly pressure from donors through external aid. In some countries, the civil society was more involved in the policy process. However, this involvement did not block the reform; neither did it prevent the reform from diverting significantly from the usual policy.

Les missions internationales en entreprise ne parviennent plus à retenir les talents alors même que leur coût reste très élevé. La délocalisation de l’individu apparaît donc comme une nouvelle forme d'expatriation à mi-chemin entre expatriation auto-initiée et mission internationale en entreprise. Cependant, celle-ci résonne comme une violation du contrat psychologique liant l’individu à son entreprise. En effet, le diplôme ne semble plus protéger l’employé contre la délocalisation de son poste vers des pays à coût plus bas. Cette étude de cas a aidé à identifier les facteurs influençant les talents à accepter une relocalisation sous contrat local dans un pays à moindre coût. De ce fait, cette thèse fournit aux entreprises des éléments contributifs à la gestion globale des talents dans un contexte de délocalisation. / Individual offshoring emerges as a new form of organizational-initiated expatriation which bridges self-initiated-expatriation and international assignment. The failure of IA to retain talented individuals (talent) and a growing pressure on costs leave no choice to companies but to dramatically reconsider how expatriation can develop talent globally in a different but still sustainable way.However, this new form of expatriation resonates as a breach of the psychological contract. If talent no longer expect to remain in the same company for a large part of their career, they still hold an expectation that white collar activities associated to higher degrees would protect their jobs from moving abroad. This thesis was a case study of a company offshoring some of its global talent to lower cost locations. The purpose was to understand what factors talent consider in accepting to relocate to a lower cost location under a local contract. This research contributes to talent retention and sustained talent management while offshoring ac-tivities to lower cost countries.