O ato de investir recursos vem se tornando uma tarefa que exige cada vez mais atenção por parte dos investidores. As alternativas de investimento vêm aumentando, oferecendo aos investidores muitas opções em termos de risco, retorno e liquidez. Uma dessas alternativas é o fundo de investimento, uma indústria cujo patrimônio tem crescido muito ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, há mais de R$ 200 bilhões aplicados nas diversas modalidades de fundos oferecidos pelas instituições administradoras de recursos. Escolher qual fundo investir não é tarefa simples, nem mesmo para grandes investidores. As alternativas são inúmeras e as informações nem sempre estão facilmente disponíveis. Oferecer um método que possibilite avaliar e classificar fundos de investimento é o objetivo maior deste trabalho. Busca-se, aqui, um método que contemple, além de variáveis quantitativas, variáveis qualitativas, bem como aspectos relacionados à instituição administradora do fundo. Para alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram levantadas e agrupadas, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, as variáveis que poderiam vir a fazer parte do método. A segunda etapa foi dedicada à obtenção da ponderação que cada variável e grupo de variável deveria ter no método. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto a determinados grupos de investidores e consultores. O resultado permite que um avaliador dê notas às variáveis e, seguindo o método, obtenha uma nota final para o fundo de investimento analisado. Por fim, sugere-se um modo de classificação de fundos de investimento que procura ser de fácil entendimento, mesmo para aqueles investidores que não são especialistas em mercado financeiro. / Investing money has becoming a task that demands always more attention by investors. Investment alternatives has been growing, offering investors many options in terms of risk, return and liquidity. One of these alternatives is mutual fund, an industry whose assets have been growing a lot during the last years. Nowadays, there are more than R$ 200 billions invested in mutual funds, offered by asset managers. Choosing a fund to invest is not a simple task, even for main investors. There are many alternatives and information is not easily available. Offering a method that permits evaluate and rate mutual funds is the main purpose of this research. This method includes quantitative and qualitative variables, as well as aspects related to its asset manager. To attain this objective, this research was developed in two steps. Firstly, it was selected variables that could be part of the method, by bibliographic search. Secondly, it was obtained weights for both the variables and their group. This goal was achieved through a questionnaire sent to specific investors and consultants. The final result permits an analyst to give a grade to each variable and, using the method, to obtain a final classification for the analyzed fund. This dissertation suggests also a method for ranking mutual funds which intents to be easily comprehended, even to those investors that are not specialized in investment market.

A percepção de presença (PP), evolução do conceito de telepresença, pode ser definida como ilusão perceptiva de não mediação e/ou a percepção ilusória da realidade. O método mais utilizado para a avaliação da PP faz uso de questionários aplicados aos sujeitos, após sua participação numa experiência. Além de não fornecer informações em tempo real esse método sofre muitas interferências advindas tanto dos sujeitos submetidos ao experimento como dos avaliadores dos questionários. Os métodos que poderiam ser mais efetivos para a avaliação da PP, em tempo real, fazem uso de sinais fisiológicos que variam independentemente da vontade dos sujeitos, como batimento cardíaco, eletrocardiograma, eletroencefalograma, resistividade e umidade da pele. Os sinais fisiológicos, no entanto, só variam de forma significativa em situações de estresse, inviabilizando sua utilização em atividades normais, sem estresse. Outra forma de avaliar a PP é utilizar sistemas de rastreamento do olhar. Estudados e desenvolvidos desde o século 19, os sistemas de rastreamento do olhar fornecem um mapeamento do movimento dos olhos. Além de indicar para onde os sujeitos estão olhando, podem também monitorar a dilatação da pupila e as piscadas. Atualmente existem sistemas de rastreamento do olhar comerciais de baixo custo, que apesar de terem menos precisão e frequência que os equipamentos de alto custo são mais práticos e possuem software de plataforma aberta. No futuro serão tão comuns e simples de usar como são hoje as câmeras em dispositivos móveis e computadores, o que viabilizará a aplicação das técnicas e métodos aqui propostos em larga escala, principalmente para monitorar a atenção e envolvimento de atividades mediadas por vídeo. É apresentada uma ferramenta que faz uso do rastreamento do olhar para avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades mediadas por vídeo (com estímulos sonoros). Dois experimentos foram realizados para validar as hipóteses da pesquisa e a ferramenta. Um terceiro experimento foi executado para verificar a capacidade da ferramenta em avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades não estressantes mediadas por vídeo. / The presence perception (PP), evolution of the concept of telepresence, could be defined as the perceptual illusion of nonmediation and/or the ilusional perception of reality. The most utilized method for PP evaluation make uses questionnaires applied for the subjects, after your participation in an experience. Besides it does not provide real-time information this method suffers with many interferences in the results that come from the subjects undergoing and form the reviewers of the of the questionnaires. The methods could be more effective for PP evaluation, in real time, make uses of physiologic signals that vary independently of the request of the subjects, e.g. heart rate, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, skin resistivity and skin humidity. However, meaningful physiologic signals occurs only in stress situations, unfeasible Its use in normal environments, whit no stress. Another way to evaluate the PP is using eye gaze tracking systems. Studied and developed since the 19th century, eye gaze tracking systems provide an eye movements mapping. Moreover it indicate where the subjects are viewing, these systems can follow up pupil dilatation and blinks. Currently there are commercial gaze tracking systems inexpensive, despite having less precision and frequency that expensive-equipments are more practical and open software platform is available. In the future these technologies will be common and simple to use as today are cameras on mobile devices and computers, which will enable the implementation of the techniques and methods here proposed on a large scale, mainly to monitor the attention and involvement during activities mediated by video. A tool that makes use of gaze tracking to evaluate presence perception in activities video mediated (with sound stimuli) is displayed. Two experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses of the research and the tool. A third experiment was performed to verify the tool\'s ability to assess presence perception in non-stressful activities video mediated.

A percepção de presença (PP), evolução do conceito de telepresença, pode ser definida como ilusão perceptiva de não mediação e/ou a percepção ilusória da realidade. O método mais utilizado para a avaliação da PP faz uso de questionários aplicados aos sujeitos, após sua participação numa experiência. Além de não fornecer informações em tempo real esse método sofre muitas interferências advindas tanto dos sujeitos submetidos ao experimento como dos avaliadores dos questionários. Os métodos que poderiam ser mais efetivos para a avaliação da PP, em tempo real, fazem uso de sinais fisiológicos que variam independentemente da vontade dos sujeitos, como batimento cardíaco, eletrocardiograma, eletroencefalograma, resistividade e umidade da pele. Os sinais fisiológicos, no entanto, só variam de forma significativa em situações de estresse, inviabilizando sua utilização em atividades normais, sem estresse. Outra forma de avaliar a PP é utilizar sistemas de rastreamento do olhar. Estudados e desenvolvidos desde o século 19, os sistemas de rastreamento do olhar fornecem um mapeamento do movimento dos olhos. Além de indicar para onde os sujeitos estão olhando, podem também monitorar a dilatação da pupila e as piscadas. Atualmente existem sistemas de rastreamento do olhar comerciais de baixo custo, que apesar de terem menos precisão e frequência que os equipamentos de alto custo são mais práticos e possuem software de plataforma aberta. No futuro serão tão comuns e simples de usar como são hoje as câmeras em dispositivos móveis e computadores, o que viabilizará a aplicação das técnicas e métodos aqui propostos em larga escala, principalmente para monitorar a atenção e envolvimento de atividades mediadas por vídeo. É apresentada uma ferramenta que faz uso do rastreamento do olhar para avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades mediadas por vídeo (com estímulos sonoros). Dois experimentos foram realizados para validar as hipóteses da pesquisa e a ferramenta. Um terceiro experimento foi executado para verificar a capacidade da ferramenta em avaliar a percepção de presença em atividades não estressantes mediadas por vídeo. / The presence perception (PP), evolution of the concept of telepresence, could be defined as the perceptual illusion of nonmediation and/or the ilusional perception of reality. The most utilized method for PP evaluation make uses questionnaires applied for the subjects, after your participation in an experience. Besides it does not provide real-time information this method suffers with many interferences in the results that come from the subjects undergoing and form the reviewers of the of the questionnaires. The methods could be more effective for PP evaluation, in real time, make uses of physiologic signals that vary independently of the request of the subjects, e.g. heart rate, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, skin resistivity and skin humidity. However, meaningful physiologic signals occurs only in stress situations, unfeasible Its use in normal environments, whit no stress. Another way to evaluate the PP is using eye gaze tracking systems. Studied and developed since the 19th century, eye gaze tracking systems provide an eye movements mapping. Moreover it indicate where the subjects are viewing, these systems can follow up pupil dilatation and blinks. Currently there are commercial gaze tracking systems inexpensive, despite having less precision and frequency that expensive-equipments are more practical and open software platform is available. In the future these technologies will be common and simple to use as today are cameras on mobile devices and computers, which will enable the implementation of the techniques and methods here proposed on a large scale, mainly to monitor the attention and involvement during activities mediated by video. A tool that makes use of gaze tracking to evaluate presence perception in activities video mediated (with sound stimuli) is displayed. Two experiments were conducted to validate the hypotheses of the research and the tool. A third experiment was performed to verify the tool\'s ability to assess presence perception in non-stressful activities video mediated.

Malgré l’intérêt accru du public et de la recherche durant les deux dernières décennies pour le phénomène des jeunes de la rue, certains aspects de leurs réalités sont encore peu examinés et mal connus. L’un de ces aspects concerne la parentalité. Pour mieux comprendre les besoins des jeunes en situation de rue qui sont parents ou en voie de l’être et comprendre dans quelle mesure un service s’adressant spécifiquement à eux arrive à y répondre, cette étude a cherché à décrire et comprendre l’expérience d’utilisation du Service à la famille de l’organisme Dans la rue, telle que vécue par des jeunes qui s’y sont adressés. Plus précisément, les objectifs étaient de : situer le Service à la famille dans la démarche de recherche d’aide des jeunes; comprendre ce qui amène un jeune à utiliser le Service à la famille et les activités qui y sont offertes; décrire l’expérience d’utilisation du service; connaître la perception qu’en ont les jeunes; et estimer leur appréciation du service. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-dirigées par téléphone ont eu lieu avec neuf jeunes ayant eu un suivi au Service à la famille, au cours desquelles certains thèmes ont été explorés : la recherche d’aide en lien avec la situation parentale, l’expérience d’utilisation des services et des activités du Service à la famille, le portrait de celui-ci, et la satisfaction à son égard. Au moment de l’entrevue, tous les jeunes étaient parents d’au moins un enfant et la majorité d’entre eux avait fait appel au Service à la famille la première fois durant la grossesse pour de l’aide sous diverses formes en rapport à celle-ci. Des besoins de divers ordres ont amené les jeunes à faire appel au Service à la famille. Ceux-ci pouvaient être comblés, mais pas nécessairement toujours, par le biais des rencontres avec les intervenantes du Service à la famille et par la participation aux activités de groupe offertes par la ressource et, par ailleurs, pouvaient concorder avec les objectifs d’intervention explicites du service. Dans l’ensemble, les entrevues suggèrent que les jeunes perçoivent le Service à la famille et, plus précisément, les intervenantes qui y travaillent, d’un œil favorable. Les interviewés formulent en effet une appréciation positive sur un bon nombre d’éléments se rapportant à leur expérience d’utilisation de la ressource. Des jeunes perçoivent néanmoins des limites dans la capacité du Service à la famille à fournir l’aide attendue, notamment des restrictions budgétaires et une surcharge de travail des intervenantes liée à une forte demande de services. Même si les jeunes n’ont pas nécessairement demandé de l’aide de la ressource dans l’optique de prévenir la violence familiale et la négligence, mandat premier du Service à la famille, une bonne part d’entre eux reconnaissent avoir reçu de l’aide utile à cet égard de la part des intervenantes, notamment lorsqu’ils ont rapporté avoir vécu des relations amoureuses teintées de violence conjugale. Ils reconnaissent également différentes façons par le biais desquelles les intervenantes les auraient encouragés à être bien et à prendre soin d’eux-mêmes afin de pouvoir bien s’occuper de leur(s) enfant(s). Tous les jeunes interviewés ont exprimé une satisfaction à l’égard du suivi reçu au Service à la famille et ils ont affirmé qu’ils le recommanderaient à d’autres personnes. L’approche d’intervention préconisée par la ressource est considérée comme un point fort dans la réponse aux besoins des jeunes. Cette approche aurait permis aux jeunes devenus parents d’être aidés en fonction de ce dont ils avaient besoin à un moment précis. L’un des aspects de l’utilisation du service qui gagneraient à être améliorés, aux yeux des jeunes, est l’accessibilité; l’aide dont les interviewés considéraient avoir besoin n’ayant pas toujours été à leur disposition alors qu’ils l’avaient demandée. Devant la perception d’un manque de disponibilité des intervenantes, des jeunes proposent des pistes d’amélioration qui permettraient à l’aide dispensée par le Service à la famille d’être plus accessible aux jeunes quand ils considèrent en avoir besoin. / Event though there has been an increased public and research interest in the street youth phenomenon in the past two decades, some aspects of their lives, one of them being parenthood, have not been yet thoroughly examined and therefore, remain unknown to a certain extent. In order to gain a better understanding of street youth’s needs related to becoming a parent, as well as an understanding of the extent to which a service specifically tailored for such a population manages to satisfy their needs, this study had the purpose of describing and understanding the service utilization experience of the Service à la famille from the Montreal street youth agency Dans la rue. More specifically, the objectives were to: gain an awareness and understanding of the persons and resources street youths who become parents turn to for help, and the significance of the Service à la famille among these resources; understand what brings a youth to the Service à la famille and what makes him or her use the services and activities offered; and finally, describe the perceptions and estimate the level of appreciation of the Service à la famille. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with nine youths who had used the Service à la famille and had had a follow-up. During the interview, the following themes were explored: help seeking related to becoming a parent, the utilization experience of the services and activities offered by the Service à la famille, the portrait of the service, and level of satisfaction regarding the service utilization experience. At the time of the interview, all youths were parents of at least one child, and the majority had first sought help at the Service à la famille during pregnancy to satisfy different needs related to becoming a parent. A variety of needs brought the youths to seek help at the Service à la famille. These needs could be satisfied, but not necessarily at all times, through meetings with the staff and participation in group activities offered by the service. At times, their needs corresponded to the explicit intervention goals of the service. In general, the interviews suggest that youths have a positive perception of the Service à la famille, and more precisely, of the staff. The interviewees named a considerable number of elements they appreciated from their service utilization experience. Youths nevertheless perceive limitations in the ability of the Service à la famille to give help, especially budgetary constraints and the staff’s workload related to high demand of services. Even though youths did not necessarily seek help from the service in order to prevent family violence or negligence, which is the mandate of the Service à la famille, much of them acknowledge having received valuable assistance in this regard on the part of the staff, especially when they reported having been in a violent intimate relationship. They also recognize different ways through which the staff encouraged them to feel good and take care of themselves in order to do the same with their child or children. All interviewees were satisfied with the follow-up they received from the Service à la famille and claimed they would recommend the service to others. The intervention approach advocated by the service is considered to be a strong element in responding appropriately to youths’ needs. This approach appears to have allowed youths who became parents to get the help they needed at a specific moment in time. According to youths, an aspect of service utilization which could be improved is access to help; since the help interviewees needed was not always available when they asked for it. Since youths perceive a lack of staff availability, they offer suggestions for improvement that would allow the aid supplied by the service to be more accessible to youths when they seek help.

O ato de investir recursos vem se tornando uma tarefa que exige cada vez mais atenção por parte dos investidores. As alternativas de investimento vêm aumentando, oferecendo aos investidores muitas opções em termos de risco, retorno e liquidez. Uma dessas alternativas é o fundo de investimento, uma indústria cujo patrimônio tem crescido muito ao longo do tempo. Atualmente, há mais de R$ 200 bilhões aplicados nas diversas modalidades de fundos oferecidos pelas instituições administradoras de recursos. Escolher qual fundo investir não é tarefa simples, nem mesmo para grandes investidores. As alternativas são inúmeras e as informações nem sempre estão facilmente disponíveis. Oferecer um método que possibilite avaliar e classificar fundos de investimento é o objetivo maior deste trabalho. Busca-se, aqui, um método que contemple, além de variáveis quantitativas, variáveis qualitativas, bem como aspectos relacionados à instituição administradora do fundo. Para alcançar tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se a pesquisa em duas etapas. Na primeira, foram levantadas e agrupadas, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, as variáveis que poderiam vir a fazer parte do método. A segunda etapa foi dedicada à obtenção da ponderação que cada variável e grupo de variável deveria ter no método. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto a determinados grupos de investidores e consultores. O resultado permite que um avaliador dê notas às variáveis e, seguindo o método, obtenha uma nota final para o fundo de investimento analisado. Por fim, sugere-se um modo de classificação de fundos de investimento que procura ser de fácil entendimento, mesmo para aqueles investidores que não são especialistas em mercado financeiro. / Investing money has becoming a task that demands always more attention by investors. Investment alternatives has been growing, offering investors many options in terms of risk, return and liquidity. One of these alternatives is mutual fund, an industry whose assets have been growing a lot during the last years. Nowadays, there are more than R$ 200 billions invested in mutual funds, offered by asset managers. Choosing a fund to invest is not a simple task, even for main investors. There are many alternatives and information is not easily available. Offering a method that permits evaluate and rate mutual funds is the main purpose of this research. This method includes quantitative and qualitative variables, as well as aspects related to its asset manager. To attain this objective, this research was developed in two steps. Firstly, it was selected variables that could be part of the method, by bibliographic search. Secondly, it was obtained weights for both the variables and their group. This goal was achieved through a questionnaire sent to specific investors and consultants. The final result permits an analyst to give a grade to each variable and, using the method, to obtain a final classification for the analyzed fund. This dissertation suggests also a method for ranking mutual funds which intents to be easily comprehended, even to those investors that are not specialized in investment market.

Eye-tracking devices can tell us where on the screen a person is looking. Researchers frequently analyze eye-tracking data manually, by examining every frame of a visual stimulus used in an eye-tracking experiment so as to match 2D screen-coordinates provided by the eye-tracker to related objects and content within the stimulus. Such task requires significant manual effort and is not feasible for analyzing data collected from many users, long experimental sessions, and heavily interactive and dynamic visual stimuli. In this dissertation, we present a novel analysis method. We would instrument visualizations that have open source code, and leverage real-time information about the layout of the rendered visual content, to automatically relate gaze-samples to visual objects drawn on the screen. Since such visual objects are shown in a visualization stand for data, the method would allow us to necessarily detect data that users focus on or Data of Interest (DOI). This dissertation has two contributions. First, we demonstrated the feasibility of collecting DOI data for real life visualization in a reliable way which is not self-evident. Second, we formalized the process of collecting and interpreting DOI data and test whether the automated DOI detection can lead to research workflows, and insights not possible with traditional, manual approaches.

Une recherche qualitative à partir de l’étude d’un cas de groupe retrace le travail clinique tel qu’il est « en train de se faire » dans un dispositif de musicothérapie analytique de groupe, sur le terrain « ordinaire » d’un hôpital de jour accueillant des sujets adultes souffrant de troubles psychiatriques invalidants. Plusieurs voix, psychanalytiques, musicologiques et philosophiques, offrent une trame conceptuelle pour interroger la rencontre et le jeu avec les sons au sein du groupe, et la façon dont le jeu contribue à restaurer les processus de symbolisation primaire particulièrement empêchés pour les sujets que nous accueillons. Dans le cadre-dispositif ouvrant des potentialités de transferts multidirectionnels et d’associativité dans une pluralité de langage, les éléments relevés dans l’observation du cheminement clinique du groupe sont le support d’un modèle d’évaluation, au sens d’extraire de la valeur, du jeu symbolisant. De la matérialité sonore et musicale, appel à la sensori-affectivo-motricité, jusqu’aux sens potentiels de la mise en mots se déploie le cheminement mouvant de mise en forme et en scène du groupe, des sujets dans les liens de groupe. Ce cheminement ouvre sur la construction de la réflexivité psychique au cœur des processus de symbolisation et d’appropriation subjective de l’expérience, expérience restée jusque-là impensable, infigurable, irreprésentable. / A qualitative research from the study of a group case retraces clinical work as it « is being done » in a plan of analytic group music therapy, on the « ordinary » ground of a day-hospital that treats adult subjects suffering from invalidating psychiatric troubles. Several voices, be they psychoanalytical, musicological, or philosophical, offer a conceptual framework with which to interrogate the encounter and the play with sounds within the group, and the way in which this play contributes to the restoration of the primary symbolisation processes that are particularly impaired for the subjects we treat. In the framework that opens a potential for multidirectional transfers and for associativity in a plurality of language, the elements gathered while observing the group’s clinical thought processes are the basis of a model of evaluation, in the sense of value extraction and of symbolisation play. From the materiality of music and sound, which calls to senso-affectivo-motricity, to the potential senses of wording, a moving process of shaping and staging develops within the group and the subjects that form the group. This process opens up on the building of the psychic reflexivity that lies at the heart of symbolisation processes and of processes through which the subjects seize experience, the latter having hitherto remained unthinkable, unfigurable and unrepresentable.

Au Québec, près de 25 000 personnes, principalement des aînés, sont touchées par la maladie de Parkinson (MP), la majorité étant soignée par leur conjoint. Au stade modéré, la MP altère la santé et la qualité de vie de ces couples. Ce stade est propice à la mise en place d’interventions dyadiques, car les couples expérimentent des pertes croissantes, nécessitant plusieurs ajustements. Néanmoins, aucune étude n’avait encore examiné leurs besoins d’intervention lors de cette transition et peu d’interventions pour les soutenir ont fait l’objet d’études évaluatives. Avec comme cadre de référence la théorie de l’expérience de transition de Meleis et al. (2000) et l’approche systémique de Wright et Leahey (2009), cette étude visait à développer, mettre à l’essai et évaluer une intervention auprès de couples âgés vivant avec la MP au stade modéré. À cette fin, un devis qualitatif et une approche participative ont été privilégiés. L’élaboration et l’évaluation de l’intervention s’appuient sur le cadre méthodologique d’Intervention Mapping de Bartholomew et al. (2006) et sur les écrits de Miles et Huberman (2003). L’étude s’est déroulée dans une clinique ambulatoire spécialisée dans la MP. Dix couples et quatre intervenants ont collaboré à la conceptualisation de l’intervention. Trois nouveaux couples en ont fait l’expérimentation et l’évaluation. L’intervention dyadique compte sept rencontres de 90 minutes, aux deux semaines. Les principaux thèmes, les méthodes et les stratégies d’intervention sont basés sur les besoins et les objectifs des dyades ainsi que sur des théories et des écrits empiriques. L’intervention est orientée vers les préoccupations des dyades, la promotion de la santé, la résolution de problèmes, l’accès aux ressources, la communication et l’ajustement des rôles. Les résultats de l’étude ont montré la faisabilité, l’acceptabilité et l’utilité de l’intervention. Les principales améliorations notées par les dyades sont l’adoption de comportements de santé, la recherche de solutions ajustées aux situations rencontrées et profitables aux deux partenaires, la capacité de faire appel à des services et l’accroissement des sentiments de maîtrise, de soutien mutuel, de plaisir et d’espoir. Cette étude fournit des pistes aux infirmières, engagées dans différents champs de pratique, pour développer et évaluer des interventions dyadiques écologiquement et théoriquement fondées. / In Quebec, nearly 25 000 people are affected by Parkinson’s disease (PD). They are, for the most part, elders cared for by their spouse. At the moderate stage, PD alters the couples health and quality of life. This stage of the illness offers opportunities for dyadic interventions, as these couples experiment growing losses requiring numerous adjustments. Nevertheless, no study had yet explored their intervention needs during this transition and few interventions to support them have been the object of evaluative studies. Based on transition theory by Meleis and colleagues (2000) and on family systems approach by Wright and Leahey (2009), the purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a dyadic intervention oriented towards elderly couples living with PD at the moderate stage. To achieve this goal, a qualitative design and a participative approach were privileged. The Intervention Mapping framework by Bartholomew and colleagues (2006) and the analytic methods developed by Miles and Huberman (2003) were used to conceptualize and evaluate the intervention. The study took place in an ambulatory clinic specialized in PD. Ten couples and four health professionals collaborated to the intervention development. Three new couples tested and evaluated the intervention. The dyadic intervention consists of seven sessions of 90 minutes, held every second week. The themes of the sessions and the intervention methods and strategies are based on the couples needs and goals, as well as on specific theories and empirical findings. The intervention is oriented towards dyads concerns, health promotion, problem solving, access to resources, communication, and role adjustments. The study results showed the feasibility, the acceptability and the utility of the intervention. The main benefits observed by the dyads are the adoption of health behaviors, the finding of solutions adapted to various situations and favorable to both partners, the skills to get help and services, and the increased feelings of mastery, mutual support, pleasure and hope. This study can illuminate nurses involved in different domains of practice and interested in developing and evaluating dyadic interventions that are ecologically and theoretically based.

O estado de São Paulo é responsável por 70% da produção nacional de flores e plantas ornamentais. Esses cultivos ocupam 7,5 mil hectares e mais da metade desta área é cultivada em estufas. Atualmente existem aproximadamente 8 mil produtores de pequeno, médio e grande porte em todo Brasil e este setor gera em torno de 200 mil empregos diretos, abrangendo produção e comércio. As estufas são microcosmos planejados para propiciar as condições ambientais adequadas ao crescimento de plantas. Qualquer infestação é controlada usando praguicidas que, devido ao enclausuramento e ajustes das condições climáticas, podem prolongar e intensificar a exposição ocupacional aos mesmos. Alguns estudos sugerem que os trabalhadores de estufas de flores e plantas ornamentais estão expostos a níveis mais elevados de praguicidas durante o carregamento, mistura e aplicação dos praguicidas, bem como pelo contato contínuo com as flores e plantas ornamentais, quando comparados a outros trabalhadores que entram em contato com essa classe de compostos. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer o processo de trabalho, práticas de saúde, higiene e segurança e localizar possíveis fontes de exposição ocupacional a praguicidas nas estufas de flores da região do Alto Tietê, e também otimizar métodos analíticos para a detecção e quantificação de praguicidas organofosforados (diclorvós, metil-paration e metidation) em patches de algodão e em tubos coletores XAD-2, com o intuito de analisar a exposição ocupacional dérmica e inalatória. O processo de avaliação incluiu o acompanhamento da jornada de trabalho, entrevistas e aplicação de questionários de trabalhadores de 18 estufas. Destas 18 foram selecionadas 6 estufas para coleta de amostras. Os organofosforados diclorvós, metidation e metilparation foram detectados e quantificados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massas (GC-MS), operado no modo de ionização por impacto de elétrons. Os dados da avaliação qualitativa demonstraram percentual elevado de desconhecimento das práticas adequadas de saúde, higiene e segurança para a utilização destes compostos, sugerindo que há risco de exposição durante a manipulação, armazenamento e descarte dos mesmos. Os limites de quantificação (LQ) obtidos foram abaixo de 0,4 ng/mL e limites de detecção (LD) foram abaixo de 0,1 ng/mL para todos os compostos. O método mostrou boa linearidade na concentração estudada (LSQ-500 ng/mL), com coeficiente (r) maior que 0,99. A precisão foi avaliada pelo desvio padrão relativo e apresentou valores inferiores a 15% para todos os compostos estudados. Após os métodos serem validados, foi realizada a amostragem dérmica e do ar e encontraram-se concentrações variadas de praguicidas. / The state of São Paulo - Brazil, accounts for 70% of domestic production of flowers and ornamental plants. Currently, these crops occupy 7.5 thousand hectares and over 50% of this area is cultivated in greenhouses. This market has an average of 8.000 producers and generates around 200.000 jobs. Greenhouses are microcosms designed to provide environmental conditions suitable for plant growth. Infestation is controlled using pesticides that due to the closure and adjustment to the weather conditions can prolong and intensify the exposure to them. Some studies suggest that workers in greenhouses of flowers and ornamental plants are exposed to higher levels of pesticides during loading, dilution and application, as well as by continuous contact with flowers and ornamental plants, when compared to other workers who enter in contact with this class of compounds. The aim of the present was to know the work process, to survey the practices of health, hygiene and safety standards and locate possible sources of occupational exposure to pesticides in greenhouses of flowers in the Alto Tietê region (São Paulo state), and to optimize analytical methods for detection and quantification of organophosphate pesticides (dichlorvos, methyl parathion and methidathion) in patches of cotton and in XAD-2 sorbent tubes, with the aim of analyzing the occupational dermal and inhalation exposure. The evaluation process included the monitoring of the working day, interviews and questionnaires, and samples collected in greenhouses. The organophosphorus compounds were detected and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operated in electron impact ionization. The data show a high percentage of lack of appropriate health practices, hygiene and safety for pesticide use suggests that there is risk of exposure during handling, storage and disposal of them. The limits of quantification (LOQ) obtained were below 0.4 ng/mL and limits of detection (LOD) were below 0.1 ng/mL for all compounds. The method showed good linearity in the studied concentration (LOQ-500 ng/mL), with coefficient (r) greater than 0.99. The precision was evaluated by relative standard deviation and showed values below 15% for all compounds studied. After the methods are validated, the dermal and air sampling was performed and a great range of pesticide concentrations was found. So it is evident that this study is valuable for future analysis and guidance to workers about possible hazards and proper use for reducing exposure to these compounds.

O estado de São Paulo é responsável por 70% da produção nacional de flores e plantas ornamentais. Esses cultivos ocupam 7,5 mil hectares e mais da metade desta área é cultivada em estufas. Atualmente existem aproximadamente 8 mil produtores de pequeno, médio e grande porte em todo Brasil e este setor gera em torno de 200 mil empregos diretos, abrangendo produção e comércio. As estufas são microcosmos planejados para propiciar as condições ambientais adequadas ao crescimento de plantas. Qualquer infestação é controlada usando praguicidas que, devido ao enclausuramento e ajustes das condições climáticas, podem prolongar e intensificar a exposição ocupacional aos mesmos. Alguns estudos sugerem que os trabalhadores de estufas de flores e plantas ornamentais estão expostos a níveis mais elevados de praguicidas durante o carregamento, mistura e aplicação dos praguicidas, bem como pelo contato contínuo com as flores e plantas ornamentais, quando comparados a outros trabalhadores que entram em contato com essa classe de compostos. No presente trabalho, objetivou-se conhecer o processo de trabalho, práticas de saúde, higiene e segurança e localizar possíveis fontes de exposição ocupacional a praguicidas nas estufas de flores da região do Alto Tietê, e também otimizar métodos analíticos para a detecção e quantificação de praguicidas organofosforados (diclorvós, metil-paration e metidation) em patches de algodão e em tubos coletores XAD-2, com o intuito de analisar a exposição ocupacional dérmica e inalatória. O processo de avaliação incluiu o acompanhamento da jornada de trabalho, entrevistas e aplicação de questionários de trabalhadores de 18 estufas. Destas 18 foram selecionadas 6 estufas para coleta de amostras. Os organofosforados diclorvós, metidation e metilparation foram detectados e quantificados por cromatografia gasosa/espectrometria de massas (GC-MS), operado no modo de ionização por impacto de elétrons. Os dados da avaliação qualitativa demonstraram percentual elevado de desconhecimento das práticas adequadas de saúde, higiene e segurança para a utilização destes compostos, sugerindo que há risco de exposição durante a manipulação, armazenamento e descarte dos mesmos. Os limites de quantificação (LQ) obtidos foram abaixo de 0,4 ng/mL e limites de detecção (LD) foram abaixo de 0,1 ng/mL para todos os compostos. O método mostrou boa linearidade na concentração estudada (LSQ-500 ng/mL), com coeficiente (r) maior que 0,99. A precisão foi avaliada pelo desvio padrão relativo e apresentou valores inferiores a 15% para todos os compostos estudados. Após os métodos serem validados, foi realizada a amostragem dérmica e do ar e encontraram-se concentrações variadas de praguicidas. / The state of São Paulo - Brazil, accounts for 70% of domestic production of flowers and ornamental plants. Currently, these crops occupy 7.5 thousand hectares and over 50% of this area is cultivated in greenhouses. This market has an average of 8.000 producers and generates around 200.000 jobs. Greenhouses are microcosms designed to provide environmental conditions suitable for plant growth. Infestation is controlled using pesticides that due to the closure and adjustment to the weather conditions can prolong and intensify the exposure to them. Some studies suggest that workers in greenhouses of flowers and ornamental plants are exposed to higher levels of pesticides during loading, dilution and application, as well as by continuous contact with flowers and ornamental plants, when compared to other workers who enter in contact with this class of compounds. The aim of the present was to know the work process, to survey the practices of health, hygiene and safety standards and locate possible sources of occupational exposure to pesticides in greenhouses of flowers in the Alto Tietê region (São Paulo state), and to optimize analytical methods for detection and quantification of organophosphate pesticides (dichlorvos, methyl parathion and methidathion) in patches of cotton and in XAD-2 sorbent tubes, with the aim of analyzing the occupational dermal and inhalation exposure. The evaluation process included the monitoring of the working day, interviews and questionnaires, and samples collected in greenhouses. The organophosphorus compounds were detected and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) operated in electron impact ionization. The data show a high percentage of lack of appropriate health practices, hygiene and safety for pesticide use suggests that there is risk of exposure during handling, storage and disposal of them. The limits of quantification (LOQ) obtained were below 0.4 ng/mL and limits of detection (LOD) were below 0.1 ng/mL for all compounds. The method showed good linearity in the studied concentration (LOQ-500 ng/mL), with coefficient (r) greater than 0.99. The precision was evaluated by relative standard deviation and showed values below 15% for all compounds studied. After the methods are validated, the dermal and air sampling was performed and a great range of pesticide concentrations was found. So it is evident that this study is valuable for future analysis and guidance to workers about possible hazards and proper use for reducing exposure to these compounds.