Bakgrund Undervisningen i skolan möjliggörs bland annat av de ramfaktorer som finns. Här lyfts speciellt ämnets tilldelade timmar i timplanen, läroplanens centrala innehåll och kunskapskrav samt dess övergripande fostringssträvan att få kommande generationer att anamma hållbar utveckling. Hem- och konsumentkunskapslärarnas situation är svår då kursplanens ambition överskrider dess tilldelade timmar. En möjlig lösning på problemet skulle kunna vara att ämnesintegrera undervisning. Syfte Undersökningens syfte var att studera hem- och konsumentlärares erfarenhet av och syn på ämnesintegrerad undervisning och hållbar utveckling. Metod Studien var en kvantitativ undersökning i form av en elektronisk enkät som skickades ut till alla yrkesaktiva HKK-lärare i Sverige, höstterminen 2016. Resultat Enkäten besvarades av 5 % av Sveriges HKK-lärare och visade att de allra flesta (91 %) av deltagarna hade prövat att ämnesintegrera och att samarbetsparterna fanns bland alla andra skolans ämnen. Fördelarna med ämnesintegrering ansågs överväga nackdelarna. Arbetssättet hindrades allra mest av brist på tid, främst planeringstid. Studien visade också att HKK-lärarna ansåg att ämnesintegrering ökade tidseffektiviteten med ökad måluppfyllelse och arbetsglädje som resultat. Det framkom också att lärarna behövde öka sina kunskaper i hållbar utveckling. Slutsats Skolledningen skulle kunna bidra till ökad ämnesintegrering genom att påverka lokala ramfaktorer och då främst genom att få till schematekniskt gynnsamma lösningar samt att tillgodose fortbildningsbehoven. Detta skulle kunna förbättra HKK-lärarnas arbetsbörda, öka professionalismen och höja ämnets status. / Background The teaching at School is, among other things, dependent on frame factors. This study is specifically looking at the allocated teaching hours, the subject content and the indicators for grading that the curriculum dictates as well as the overall aim of the Swedish school system to generate future generations of sustainability minded citizens. The Home and Consumer Studies (HCS) teachers’ situation is difficult with an overambitious curriculum compared to its allocated hours. One possible solution to that problem could be an integrated curriculum. Objective The aim for this study was to study the Swedish HCS teachers’ experience of and attitudes towards integrated curriculum and sustainable development. Method The study had a quantitative approach and a digital questionnaire was sent out to all active HCS teacher in Sweden, at the beginning of the autumn term of 2016. Results The questionnaire was answered by 5 % of the Swedish HCS teachers and showed that a large majority (91 %) of the teachers had experienced integrated curriculum and that teamwork including all other school subjects had been done. The advantages of integrated curriculum outweighed the disadvantages. Lack of time, mainly lack of allocated planning time, was the greatest hindrance to integrated curriculum. The study showed that the HCS teachers saw that integrated curriculum has the potential to contribute to improved time efficiency with increased goal completion and job satisfaction as a result. The study also showed that the teachers need to improve their knowledge of sustainability. Conclusion The head of schools could contribute to increased integrated curriculum activities by influencing the local frame factors, for most by enforcing satisfactory timetable solutions that ensures the possibilities of cooperation and ensuring adequate in-service programs for educators. This could contribute to better work situation for the teachers, increased professionalism and improved status of the subject.

La présente thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la place du tableau de bord dans le pilotage de la performance des PME. Plus précisément, il s’agit de fournir un cadre explicatif aux pratiques de tableaux de bord des PME. La revue de littérature a permis d’une part de préciser et définir les principaux concepts et les principales notions utilisés dans le cadre de ce travail, et d’autre part de présenter et discuter un cadre théorique mixte sur lequel est basée l’élaboration de notre modèle de recherche. Suivant un raisonnement hypothético-déductif, un modèle explicatif des pratiques de tableaux de bord des PME est proposé. Ce modèle intègre une variable à expliquer « Pilotage de la performance », neuf variables explicatives de type organisationnel et comportemental, et une variable intermédiaire « Caractéristiques des TB ».Ce modèle est ensuite testé empiriquement. Les données collectées sont traitées en utilisant une analyse exploratoire et analyse confirmatoire par les méthodes des équations structurelles. Les résultats permettent de mettre en avant les facteurs déterminant les pratiques de tableaux de bord des PME. Ils permettent ainsi sur le plan théorique d’enrichir les travaux antérieurs portant sur le tableau de bord, et sur le plan pratique de fournir aux contrôleurs de gestion et aux dirigeants un cadre explicatif des pratiques de tableaux de bord des PME. / This thesis aims to study the role of balanced scorecard in managing the performance of SMEs. More specifically, it is to provide an explanatory framework to the practice of SMEs’ balanced scorecards. The literature review has allowed, on one hand, to clarify and define key concepts used in this work and, on the other hand, to present and discuss a mixed theoretical framework on which is based the development of our research model. Following a hypothetico-deductive reasoning, an explanatory model to the practice of SMEs’ balanced scorecards is proposed. This model incorporates one dependent variable "Performance management", nine explanatory variables (organizational and behavioral types), and one intermediate variable "Characteristics of balanced scorecards".This model is then tested empirically. The collected data are processed using an exploratory analysis and a confirmatory analysis by the methods of structural equations. The results help to highlight the determinants of the practice of SMEs’ balanced scorecards. Thus, theoretically, they enrich the previous work on the balanced scorecard and, practically, they provide to management controllers and managers an explanatory framework of the practice of SMEs’ balanced scorecards.

Doping has become a more common phenomenon in society. Doping often occur in gyms and the typical user is a young male who somehow has been involved in sports. The use of dietary supplements increases as well, studies in Sweden has shown that 61 percent of the males and 41 percent of the females who exercise at gyms use dietary supplements. The usage of dietary supplements is not entirely risk-free since it has been shown that the supplements may be contaminated with unknown substances and there is no consistent research on the effects of dietary supplements. The aim of this study was to study sports high school students’ use of and attitudes towards doping and dietary supplements, and also study if the usage and attitudes differ between boys and girls. The study is based on a questionnaire performed among students at a sports high school. The results showed that the majority of the students (79,4%) had used dietary supplements at some point, significant gender differences were observed that showed that boys use dietary supplements more frequently than girls. The attitudes towards doping were negative in general and the majority of the students believe that dietary supplements can be damaging (90,1%) at the same time the majority also believe that dietary supplements can have a positive effect (86,3%). The results can be explained by means of Theory of reasoned action, a theory that explains how attitudes can affect behaviors. Due to ethical reasons no results are shown about usage of doping. / Dopning har blivit ett mer vanligt förekommande fenomen i samhället. Dopning förekommer ofta på gym och den typiske brukaren är en ung man som har någon form av idrottsbakgrund. Samtidigt ökar bruket av kosttillskott och undersökningar i Sverige har visat att 61 procent av männen och 41 procent av kvinnorna som tränar på gym använder kosttillskott. Användningen av kosttillskott är inte riskfri eftersom tillskotten kan vara kontaminerade med främmande substanser samtidigt som forskningen gällande effekter är motsägande. Syftet med studien var att studera idrottsgymnasieelevers användning av och attityder till dopning och kosttillskott, samt om användning och attityder skiljer sig mellan pojkar och flickor. Studien baseras på en enkätstudie bland elever på ett idrottsgymnasium. Studiens resultat visade att majoriteten av eleverna (79,4 %) någon gång har brukat kosttillskott, signifikanta könsskillnader påvisades där pojkar använder kosttillskott oftare än flickor. Attityderna till dopning var generellt negativa och majoriteten av eleverna upplever att det kan finnas kosttillskott som kan vara skadliga (90,1 %), samtidigt som majoriteten tror att kosttillskott kan ha positiv effekt (86,3 %). Resultaten kan förklaras med hjälp av Theory of reasoned action, en teori som förklarar hur attityder kan påverka beteenden. På grund av etiska skäl redovisas inte något resultat rörande användning av dopningspreparat.

Les institutions françaises sont aujourd’hui "massivement" victimes de tentatives de vol d’information. Or, l’être humain est le maillon faible des dispositifs de sécurité de l’information (SI). Notamment, l’usage des réseaux personnels par les salariés est susceptible de soutenir l’activité d’innovation… tout en créant des failles potentielles pour la SI. Ce travail doctoral vise donc en particulier à progresser dans la connaissance des facteurs humains pour améliorer les mesures de SI. Nous focalisons nos travaux sur l’échange d’informations entre salariés de toutes organisations (services de l’Etat, grandes et petites entreprises,…). Afin de répondre à notre questionnement, nous avons conçu un modèle d’analyse basé sur le contexte d’action dans lequel s’articulent notamment la mobilisation des réseaux personnels, l’influence des valeurs individuelles et organisationnelles et la perception qu’on les acteurs des mesures organisationnelles de sécurité en vigueur dans leur organisation. Nous relevons l’importance de la culture organisationnelle et du comportement perçu du manager de proximité comme des éléments clés de la SI. / French institutions are now "massively" victims of attempted theft of information . But the human being is the weakest link in security devices information (IS). In particular, the use of personal networks by employees is likely to support innovation activity ... while creating potential loopholes for IS. Therefore, in particular, this doctoral work attempts to progress in the knowledge of human factors to improve IS measures. We focus our work on information exchange between employees of all organizations (government departments, large and small enterprises, ... ) . To answer our questions, we developed a conceptual model based on the context of action that includes notably the mobilization of personal networks, the influence of individual and organizational values and actors’ perception of organizational security measures in place in their organization. We note the importance of organizational culture and behavior perceived of the local Manager as key elements of the IS.

Hot och våld mot ambulanspersonal har visat sig vara ett växande problem och påverkar möjligheten att ge god omvårdnad till patienten. Förekomsten av hot och våld prehospitalt har inte studerats i Sverige i samma utsträckning som i andra länder. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa förekomsten av hot och våld mot ambulanspersonalen i norra Sverige och hur detta kan förebyggas. Detta undersöktes med en webbaserad kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie av enkätdesign med möjlighet till fritextsvar. Denna studie visade att majoriteten (80,4%) av ambulanspersonalen hade blivit utsatt för verbala hot någon gång under de senaste tre åren. 26,8 % av ambulanspersonalen skattade att de hade blivit utsatta för fysiskt våld under samma period. En statistiskt signifikant skillnad mellan män och kvinnor när det gäller deras skattning av att ha blivit utsatta för fysiskt våld kunde påvisas. En majoritet av ambulanspersonalen svarade att de aldrig hade utsatts för sexuellt ofredande de senaste tre åren. Kvinnor skattade i högre grad än männen att de blivit sexuellt ofredade och skillnaden var signifikant. Utifrån frågan om vilken typ av problematik som är vanligast, gällande personer som utövat fysiskt våld, framkom att personer som intagit både alkohol och droger/narkotika skattades som överrepresenterade. Denna studie genererar kunskap om vikten av att ha stöd från arbetsgivare och ett gott samarbete med andra myndigheter, exempelvis polis. Att göra riskbedömningar och att använda sig av lågaffektivt bemötande där det finns risk för hot och våld kan förebygga detta. Det är av fortsatt vikt att följa och studera utvecklingen av hot och våld mot ambulanspersonal och arbeta med hur detta kan förebyggas.

The master thesis looks at marital satisfaction and stability in Czech marriages between 2005 and 2015. The aim of the thesis was to find out whether meeting your spouse online or offline affects marital satisfaction and break-up rate (separation and divorce). The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on attractiveness, the characteristics of a good relationship, the development of marital satisfaction and existing research on online dating. A nationally representative sample of 316 respondents provided answers in an online questionnaire. The results indicate that one in three Czech marriages now begin online. Half of the online group met on an online dating site and 17 % on a social media site. When compared to those that began offline, "online marriages" were slightly less likely to end up in a marital break-up (31 % offline, 26,5 % online) and reported slightly higher marital satisfaction. However, none of these differences were statistically significant. The differences were higher when the online group was narrowed down to the ones who met on an online dating site and on a social media site but remained statistically insignificant. This group also retrospectively reported better fulfilment of their criteria for their life companion at the beginning of a relationship (p=0,041). In general, men...

Osteoporosis is considered to be the most adverse public health disease associated with substantial mortality among postmenopausal women. Hysterectomy, surgically induced menopause, contributes to the early onset of menopause. However, there was no evidence of an association between early menopause following hysterectomy and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the association between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among hysterectomized postmenopausal women. The integrated theory of health behavior change theoretical framework guided study. Cross-sectional secondary data from the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between demographic and behavioral factors and the prevalence of osteoporosis among the study population. The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of osteoporosis was inversely associated with age, education, and annual family income. Non-Hispanic Whites with age of hysterectomy 36-45 were significantly associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis. Moderate recreational activity and calcium/vitamin D intake were associated with decreased prevalence of osteoporosis. Demographic and behavioral factors play substantial roles in the prevalence of osteoporosis. The study results may be used to facilitate risk-prevention strategies to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis. This study may drive positive social change by facilitating public health to promote and implement effective behavioral interventions to prevent osteoporosis in the potential hysterectomized postmenopausal women.

Insufficient auditing staff has become a challenge facing internal auditing in the healthcare industry. Auditors' turnover rates range from 13.4% to 46.6% in the United States based on the type of organization. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between affective commitment, continuance commitment, normative commitment, and turnover intention among auditors. Self-determination theory of motivation was the theoretical framework for examining the employee turnover problem. A random sample of 92 internal auditors was administered the TCM Employee Commitment Survey and Turnover Intention Scales. The model as a whole was able to significantly predict turnover intentions, F(3, 88) = 15.365, p < .000. The effect size, indicated that the model accounted for approximately 36% of the variance in turnover intentions. Affective commitment (beta = -.519, p = .000) was the only measure of commitment that made a significant contribution to the model. The implications for positive social change included the potential to help business leaders decide on the types of organizational commitment they should catalyze to potentially reduce turnover rates. Healthcare leaders can use the information to reduce the turnover of auditors, increase the quality of audit in healthcare, and improve the quality and reduce the cost of healthcare for society.

The prevalence of chronic Lyme disease (CLD) remains relatively unknown in Connecticut because there is not an agreement on what CLD is and how it should be diagnosed in addition to which pathological agent causes CLD. The aim of this quantitative study was to assess whether there were significant differences between two groups of primary care physicians (PCP) working in Connecticut from two different points in time regarding their knowledge in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of CLD. A knowledge, attitude, and practice model was used as the underlying theoretical framework for this study. A random cross-sectional survey was mailed out to the 1,726 PCPs found in the list of certified medical doctors in Connecticut of 2015. One hundred and forty-five PCPs responses (11.9% response rate) were received and compared to responses from previous data (a 2010 study) of 285 PCPs (39.1% response rate) from the list of certified medical doctors in 2006. The PCP estimated mean number of patients diagnosed and treated for CLD was not significantly different between 2006 and 2015. However, a significantly higher number of PCPs in 2015 reported knowing Lyme disease (LD) symptoms but not feeling comfortable diagnosing LD (χ� = 536.83, p < 0.001), and significantly more PCPs in 2015 reported knowing LD symptoms and feeling comfortable diagnosing CLD (χ� = 265.41, p < 0.001). This study can promote social change by encouraging Connecticut PCPs to recognize CLD as a diagnosis to enable the development of registries and case-control assessments. The findings of this study may also inspire future studies.

<p>The present thesis deals with Åland, i.e. the Åland Islands, as a language environment. Its main focus is on the language attitudes of adolescents. The status, role and use of Swedish, Finnish and English are topical. Its main part consists of an empirical study, which is based on an extensive questionnaire answered by students in grade 9 of primary school and in the second grade of the (theoretical) secondary school in Åland.</p><p>The thesis includes a description of Åland as a language environment. The legal framework making Åland an autonomous region in Finland with Swedish as the only official language is presented. Language policies in Åland are compared with those of Sweden and Finland (outside of Åland). Special treatment is given to the school as a linguistic environment and recent language related debate in Åland.</p><p>The central questions in the questionnaire relate to language choice, media habits, subjective estimations of the respondents’ own language competence and language attitudes in a broad sense.</p><p>Six hypotheses based on a model of secure and insecure majorities and minorities as well as the Interactive Acculturation Model are postulated and treated.</p><p>The results of the empirical study reveal very strong feelings of affinity towards Åland. Attitudes towards English and English-speakers are in general positive. The results reveal somewhat ambivalent attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. Many variables show a tendency among the respondents to favour Sweden ahead of Finland and negative attitudes towards Finnish but there are also other conflicting results. The respondents who have parents who speak Finnish to them display more positive attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. These differences between the groups are statistically significant. However, the group with a Finnish language background also displays its strongest feelings of affinity towards Åland.</p>