This research work evaluates the quality of built housing environment and the improvement of the quality of life for the beneficiary communities under the South African Housing Policy. It pays special reference to the Case Study of Waterloo and Quarry Heights within the jurisdiction of Durban Unicity. In order to assess the quality of built housing environment whether it has a potential to improve the quality of life for the client communities the researcher set indicators which are: Integrated planned housing environment, residential quality, suitable building material, secured housing environments, standard of dwelling units, housing environment with economic infrastructure, housing environment that allows fleXibility and extension, and housing environment that has got development infrastructure and social services. These indicators are used in this study as important tool in evaluating the quality of built housing environment. / Thesis (M.Arch.)-University of Natal, 2002.

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Selected quarries and adjacent areas of xerophilous grassland in Bohemian karst were examined for the presence of velvet spider burrows. Selected microhabitat valuables were collected and their significance for ladybird spider analyzed.

La fabrication de sarcophages constitue, entre la fin du 5e s. et jusqu’au 9e s., une activité artisanale et économique importante, témoin de réseaux économiques et d’aires culturelles locaux et régionaux. L’inventaire et l’étude des sarcophages en contexte funéraire a permis d’établir une typologie détaillée fondée sur des critères morphologiques, décoratifs et technologiques. Sur les quelques 2500 sarcophages étudiés, un faible nombre est bien daté. Une typo-chronologie relative a pu être établie, qui s’appuie sur des exemplaires bien calés chronologiquement et sur l’évolution supposée des formes et modèles ornementaux. De l’étude des lieux de production, dont quatre centres carriers ont été repérés et étudiés, il ressort un savoir-faire important et une organisation très raisonnée de la production. La confrontation des données issues de l’étude des sarcophages et des carrières a permis de restituer des aires de diffusion d’importance micro-locale (Civaux ou Chauvigny par exemple), locale (Panzoult, la vallée de la Manse ou les productions en grès roussards), régionale (la vallée de l’Anglin), voire supra-régionale (productions bourbonnaises et nivernaises, dont les carrières sont situées en dehors de la zone d’étude) / The sarcophagi production is, between the end of the fifth century to the ninth century, an artisanal and economic activity of major importance, witness of economic networks and local and regional cultural area. The inventory and study of sarcophagi in funerary context allowed us to establish a detailed typology founded on morphological, decorative and technological criteria. On some 2500 sarcophagi studied, only a few are well dated. A relative typo-chronology has been established, based on best datations and on the evolution of shapes and decorative models. From the study of production sites, including four quarrying center were studied, we can observe an important expertise and a very rational organization of production. The confrontation of study data from sarcophagi and quarries has allowed us to restitute several diffusion areas: micro-local (Civaux or Chauvigny), local (Panzoult, valley of the Manse or red sandstone of Loir valley) or regional (Bourbonnais or Nivernais productions, outside our study area)

This thesis deals with a flooded stone quarry near the village Hradec u Stodu. This quarry is examined from historical, biological and educational point of view. The thesis contains informations about history, ecology and environmental conditions of the examined lokality, results of geological, faunistic and floristic investigation and suggestion on the utilization of this lokality for biology and geology education in the field; work sheets for pupils are completed too. Found organism photogalery is attached in appendices. DVD containing a thorough photodocumentation is also a part of this thesis.

Fishtail Points at Quebrada Santa María and the Antiquity of the Man in South AmericaIn light of new discoveries and theoretical proposals, the discovery of the first sites containing evidence of fish tail points at Quebrada Santa María, Chicama valley, northern Perú, contributes with new information that answers more than one of the questions concerning the first inhabitants of South America. / El descubrimiento de los primeros sitios con evidencias de la tradición de puntas de proyectil en cola de pescado en Quebrada Santa María, valle de Chicama, norte del Perú, por las caracteristicas de hallazgos, y a la luz de los nuevos descubrimientos y propuestas teóricas, plantea la posibilidad de contribuir con nuevos datos para dar respuesta a más de una de las interrogantes que tenemos sobre los primeros habitantes en Sudamérica.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:01:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Leonardo PPGEMA_2010_part 1.pdf: 1765624 bytes, checksum: 3dcc9e66423433d5b3ccd27a56e7db98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The wastes generated by the quarry companies from civil construction represent an activity that has been outstanding because of the countless problems that appear with their stockpiling and maintenance. The great concern with those wastes is linked to the capacity to generate social and environmental effects that can harm the ambient through the appearance of environmental impacts. In this context, researches have been done to study the application of those wastes in paving works, with the propose to reduce the generated problems and to contribute for the appearance of materials that can substitute those that are considered traditional and that are more and more scarce. The objective of this research was to verify the technical and economical viability of the use of quarry wastes in paving, besides complementing the researches previously done with those wastes. For this research the same mixtures used in the experimental pavement were analyzed at laboratory: Mixture 1 (30% filler + 70% soil), Mixture 2 (20% filler + 80% soil), Mixture 3 (20% micaxist powder + 80% soil) and Mixture 4 (30% micaxist powder + 70% soil). In the complementally evaluation, tests of chemical characterization (soil and mixtures), X-ray diffraction and electronic microscopy of sweeping were done. For technical investigation, the experimental pavement evaluation was done in two different periods using load bearing plate test, dynamic cone penetration and Benkelman beam. The economical viability analysis was done by the costs estimated for the execution of each experimental sub-section, simulating different sceneries. The results of the chemical characterization demonstrated that there is an increment of parameters as pH and cation exchange capacity with the incorporation of fine quarries to the soil. The results of X-ray diffraction showed that new minerals are not formed in the mixtures. The results of microscopy of sweeping pointed that the factors that more influences in the mixtures structures are their grain size materials and the compaction energy applied. In the experimental pavement evaluation it was possible to verify the influence of the rain in the pavement structural performance, what provoked high displacements values for the right board. Even so, the sub-sections executed with filler and micaxist powder have been presenting behavior varying among regular and good. In the costs estimated results, it was observed that the sub-sections executed with fine quarry wastes can be considered the most economical, mainly when the minimum distance of competition is considered. Being like this, one can be noted that the reusing of fine quarry wastes in pavements has viability and it contributes significantly for the reduction of environmental effects generated by the mineral sector. / Os resíduos gerados pelas empresas mineradoras da construção civil representam uma atividade que tem ganhado destaque pelos inúmeros problemas advindos da estocagem e manutenção de seus depósitos. A grande preocupação em torno desses resíduos está ligada à capacidade de gerar externalidades sócio-ambientais que podem prejudicar o meio através do surgimento de impactos ambientais. Neste contexto, têm surgido pesquisas que visam a aplicação desses resíduos em obras de pavimentação, cujo objetivo principal é diminuir os problemas gerados e contribuir para o surgimento de materiais que possam substituir aqueles que são considerados tradicionais e que estão cada vez mais escassos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da utilização de resíduos de pedreiras em pavimentação, além de complementar as pesquisas realizadas anteriormente com esses resíduos. Para tanto, foram analisadas, em laboratório as mesmas misturas empregadas durante a execução do trecho experimental, sendo denominadas de Mistura 1 (30% fíler + 70% solo), Mistura 2 (20% fíler + 80% solo), Mistura 3 (20% pó de micaxisto + 80% solo) e Mistura 4 (30% pó de micaxisto + 70% solo). Na avaliação complementar, foram realizados ensaios de caracterização química (solo e misturas), difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Para avaliação técnica, realizou-se o monitoramento do trecho experimental em dois períodos distintos por meio dos ensaios de prova de carga sobre placa, penetrômetro dinâmico de cone e viga Benkelman. Já na análise de viabilidade econômica, foi utilizada a estimativa de custos gerada para a execução de cada sub-trecho, simulando diferentes cenários. Os resultados da caracterização química demonstraram que ocorre um incremento de parâmetros como pH e capacidade de troca catiônica com a incorporação de finos de pedreira ao solo. Os resultados de difração de raios-X mostraram que não há formação de novos minerais nas misturas. Os resultados de microscopia eletrônica de varredura apontaram que os fatores que mais influenciam na estruturação das misturas são a granulometria de seus constituintes e a energia de compactação aplicada. No acompanhamento do trecho experimental foi possível verificar a influência da chuva no desempenho estrutural do pavimento, o que provocou elevados valores de deslocamentos para o bordo direito. Mesmo assim, os sub-trechos executados com fíler e pó de micaxisto têm apresentado comportamento variando entre regular e bom. Nos resultados de estimativa de custos, observou-se que os sub-trechos executados com resíduos finos de pedreira podem ser considerados os mais econômicos, principalmente quando é considerada a distância mínima de competição. Sendo assim, conclui-se que o eaproveitamento de resíduos finos de pedreira em obras de pavimentação é viável e contribui significativamente na redução das externalidades ambientais geradas pelo setor mineral.

Pour dépasser les limites inhérentes à la déconnexion des disciplines ou celles imposées par les sources, les périodes ou les sites, cette thèse propose une approche pluridisciplinaire et diachronique de la question de l'approvisionnement en pierre des chantiers médiévaux et modernes. Grâce à la confrontation de bâtiments d'origines et de fonctions différentes, ce travail cherche à décortiquer les processus de choix et réseaux d'approvisionnement en pierre, pour envisager le rapport des hommes à une ressource naturelle. / In order to go further limits inherent to subject disjunction, or those imposed by sources, periods or sites, this thesis emphasises a multidisciplinary and diachronic approach of stone supply on medieval and modern building sites. Thanks to the confrontation of buildings with different origins and functions, this work tries to dissect process of choices and stone supply network. It finally considers connection between people and a natural ressource.

Skanska har identifierat ett problem med att Örebro kommun har hårda restriktioner kring deponier och mängden massor som får lossas där. Då byggtakten under lång tid varit hög i Örebro ser Skanska att många deponier kring Örebro börjar bli fulla. I de fall då närmsta deponi inte har möjlighet att ta emot schaktmassor, orsakar det längre transportsträckor av schaktmassorna till andra deponier. Syftet med denna studie är därför att skapa en beräkningsmodell som jämför olika transportalternativs inverkan på miljön och ekonomin.Beräkningsmodellen i denna rapport har framställts genom litteraturstudier samt intervjuer. En tillämpning av beräkningsmodellen appliceras på två exempel för att illustrera utsläpp och kostnader.Beräkningsmodellen avgränsas till att beräkna utsläpp och kostnader som genereras från transporter av schaktmassor mellan projekt, deponi och täkt.Med hjälp av den framtagna beräkningsmodellen har kostnader och utsläpp illustreras för projektet Marieberg Törsjö 3:14. Två exempel beräknas vilka båda utgår från Marieberg Törsjö 3:14. Antagna föroreningar i marken medför att klassningen av massorna skiljer sig i de två exemplen. Detta medför att regler kring omhändertagning av massorna, arbetssätt och de olika geografiska platserna för deponier och täkter skiljer sig mellan de olika exemplen.I rapporten har en fungerande beräkningsmodell utvecklats, den illustrerar utsläpp och kostnader kopplade till transporten av massorna. Beräkningsmodellen kan användas av företag för att illustrera miljöpåverkan som transporter mellan två olika deponier eller täkter ger upphov till, samt prisskillnaden som de olika alternativen genererar. / Skanska has identified a problem that Örebro municipality having severe restrictions on landfills and what masses may be unloaded there. Since the construction rate has been high in Örebro for a long time, Skanska sees that many landfills around Örebro are getting full. In some cases when the nearest landfill is no longer able to receive excavation masses, the company is forced to transport the excavation masses unnecessary distances to other landfills. The purpose of this study is therefore to create a calculation model that compares the impact of different transport alternatives on both the environment and the economy.The calculation model is developed through literature studies and interviews. The calculation tool will be applied to two examples to illustrate emissions and costs.The calculation model is limited to calculating emissions and costs generated from transport of excavation masses between projects, landfills and quarries.Using the theoretical model developed, costs and emissions have been illustrated for the project Marieberg Törsjö 3:14. The two examples based on Marieberg Törsjö 3:14 differ in the classification of the masses. This means that rules regarding the handling of the masses, working methods and the different geographical locations for landfills and quarries differ between the different examples.A conclusion from this study is a working calculation model has been developed that illustrates emissions and costs associated with the transport of the masses. The calculation model can be used by companies to illustrate the environmental impact that transport between two different landfills or quarries generates, as well as the price difference generated by the different alternatives.

This document focuses on the formal structures and tonal language of four trios that include horn by American composer Simon A. Sargon: "Huntsman, What Quarry?" Two Poems of Edna St. Vincent Millay for Soprano, Horn, and Piano (1990); Trio for Horn, Violin, and Piano: "The Legacy" (1993); A Clear Midnight: Six Songs Set to Poems of Walt Whitman for Baritone, Horn, and Piano (1996); and Sonic Portals: Trio for Oboe, Horn, and Piano (2003). Comparisons with precedent works of like instrumentation demonstrate that Sargon's trios, though musically unique, merit a place alongside masterworks like Carl Reinecke's Trio, op. 188, for oboe, horn, and piano; Franz Schubert's Auf dem Strom for soprano, horn, and piano; and especially Johannes Brahms's Trio, op. 40, for violin, horn, and piano. Other precedent, contemporary, and related works are also mentioned. Sargon's ability to write idiomatically for the horn and other instruments is discussed, and consideration is given to some elements required to create a good performance of Sargon's chamber music. Included are a brief biography of Simon Sargon, letters from colleagues with whom he has worked closely, lists of his instrumental music and recordings of some of these pieces, and lists of other works in the genres discussed herein.