L'objet de la thèse est l'étude de l'intégration de capacités organisationnelles pour l'innovation radicale dans les entreprises industrielles établies. Les travaux s'appuient sur l'étude longitudinale des processus de conception innovante d'un motoriste de l'aéronautique : Turbomeca. Si la littérature s'accorde à dire que la préparation de l'avenir des entreprises repose sur certains types de capacités pour l'innovation radicale, les processus d'intégration de ces capacités demeurent peu étudiés en sciences de gestion. En s'appuyant sur le champ de la conception innovante, notre recherche vise à modéliser et organiser les activités de conception pour intégrer des capacités d'innovation radicale dans une entreprise en répondant à trois questions de recherche : comment caractériser une situation d'innovation radicale ? Comment piloter et modéliser des transformations organisationnelles pour intégrer des capacités d'innovation radicale ? Quels principes organisationnels pour l'intégration de capacités d'innovation radicale de manière pérenne dans l'entreprise ? A partir d'un cadre théorique permettant l'étude des capacités d'innovation radicale relatives au Design (D), à l'Incubation (I), et à la Mutation (M) de l'écosystème, trois résultats principaux se dégagent : 1/ la généalogie des capacités d'innovation radicale de Turbomeca;2/ la notion de transition organisationnelle par la conception pour caractériser les processus d'intégration de capacités d'innovation radicale s'appuyant sur des méthodes collaboratives de conception innovante ;3/ un modèle générique de six grands types d'activités à piloter pour intégrer des capacités d'innovation radicale dans une entreprise établie, et organiser les organisations orientées conception / The purpose of the thesis is to study the implementation of radical innovation capabilities within established firms. The work is based on the longitudinal in-depth study of the innovative design processes of an aircraft manufacturer: Turbomeca. While previous research works have recognized that preparing for the future requires distinctive capabilities for radical innovation, the processes of integration of these capabilities still lacks an empirically grounded understanding. Building on recent research works on the management of innovative design processes, our study aims at modeling the innovative design activities that have to be organized to integrate radical innovation capabilities within established firms. Three research questions are investigated: how can radical innovation situations be characterized? How organizational transitions can be managed to integrate radical innovation capabilities? What are the organizational settings that may sustain these radical innovation capabilities over time? Drawing on an analytical framework to study radical innovation capabilities that relates Design (D), Incubation (I) and Mutation (M) of the ecosystem, three main results are presented:1/ the genealogy of Turbomeca design capabilities;2/ the concept of design organizational transition to characterize the integration process of radical innovation capabilities based on collaborative innovative design methods;3/ a generic model of six types of activities to operationalize radical innovation capabilities within established firms and organize design-oriented organizations (D2O).

Den ökade digitaliseringen och framfarten av innovativa lösningar har tagit allt större plats i dagens samhälle. Dagens infrastruktur bygger på ett centraliserat system som är format för en värld innan globaliseringen. Detta innebär att makten är centraliserat till ett fåtal aktörer som politiker, myndigheter och institutioner. Denna konstruktion är ineffektiv och kostsam samtidigt som det centraliserade systemet är sårbart mot cyberattacker och bedrägerier. Genom att anamma digitaliseringen öppnas nya möjligheter upp för att hantera de globala samhällsutmaningarna. Digitaliseringen har lett till framväxten av innovativa tjänster där såväl etablerade företag som nya teknikföretag utforskar sätt att effektivisera, standardisera och säkra upp processer. Blockkedjan är en teknik som har potential att rubba ett flertal industrier genom att göra processer mer effektiva, transparent, demokratiska och säkra. Blockkedjeteknologin har en mängd olika appliceringsområden, men i korthet kan den beskrivas som en teknik som registrerar och lagrar information på ett distribuerat nätverk. Teknologins huvudsakliga syfte är att undanröja tillförlitliga tredje parter genom att säkert distribuera information till nätverkets användare. På så sätt bidrar teknologin till en ökad transparens, minskad asymmetrisk information och därmed ökad säkerhet. Detta öppnar upp frågan: Vilken effekt kommer blockkedjan att ha på företags risk? Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken effekt en implementering av blockkedjan har på ett företags risk inom revisions-, finans- och fastighetsbranschen. I denna studie har tre centrala risker valts ut baserat på teknologins användningsområden: operativ-, kredit- och marknadsrisk. Studiens frågeställning besvaras genom en kvalitativ undersökning där ett brett spektra av respondenter i intervjuer har bidragit med kunskap och erfarenhet. Resultatet från studien påvisar många intressanta aspekter om hur risken kan komma att påverkas från användandet av teknologin. Samtidigt som vi ser stor potential för blockkedjan att reducera ett flertal oönskade risker, finns det en hel del hinder som tekniken ställs inför. Med få befintliga tillämpningar av teknologin är det svårt att förutse exakta konsekvenser, det mesta blir således hypotetiskt. Sammantaget ser vi blockkedjan som en revolutionerande innovation med potential att förändra marknaden. Huruvida teknologins framfart kommer att arta sig är dock beroende av en anpassning i lagstiftningar och regelverk. Utmaningen för beslutsfattarna är således att väga den ökade samhällsnyttan mot de risker som tekniken kan medföra. I detta resonemang ser vi att denna studie kan bidra till en ökad kunskap om blockkedjans riskrelaterade styrkor och hot.

Radical innovation is a term with different definitions and divided experiences. From both a theoretical and practical manner, larger organizations seem to perform radical innovation less. This research is further looking into corporation strategies and the dimensions of internal factors of radical innovation. The aim is to find activities and circumstances that can enhance radical innovation and bring more frequent behavior in corporations. The research performs as a comparative study to reveal facilitations and patterns of radical innovation processes in different organizations. This study will compare perspectives of the organizations themselves to both earlier studies and shared insights of an included innovation consultancy firm that is giving their experience on the performance of radical innovation. Likewise, the research will investigate the limitations the organizations find in how and why radical innovations are not as frequent as incremental ones. The outcome of this research is to theoretically provide an alternative approach in the innovation field by researching comparatively. Practically, the research aims to extend knowledge of radical innovation and create a framework that can work as a supportive tool for future business projects and the implementation of more radical innovations.

User inertia is a real innovation adoption problem that cannot be seen or grasped. How to overcome user inertia while introducing innovation has become a key factor in today's society. Based on the background of requirements engineering, the goal of this thesis is to study and understand the relationship between user inertia and innovation adoption, including whether the type of innovation has an impact on user adoption and how to use strategies to reduce this impact. Through an online survey of 60 users and a systematic literature review of a series of articles, we have concluded the following points: RI has a greater impact on user inertia, while II has almost no impact; neither RI nor II has a significant impact on user satisfaction. Not only that, but through literature review, we have also concluded a comprehensive strategy to deal with the adoption problem caused by user inertia.

För att företag ska behålla konkurrenskraftighet på dagens dynamiska marknad krävs en hög grad av innovation. KTH Hyperloop är ett studentprojekt på KungligaTekniska Högskolan som är mitt uppe i ett radikalt innovationsprojekt med målet att förändra hur vi transporterar oss i framtiden. Projektet kretsar kring skapandet av en farkost som ska transporteras i vakuum med hjälp av elektromagnetism. Syftet med detta arbete var att öka förståelsen kring produktutvecklingsprocessen av ett innovationsprojekt som KTH Hyperloop, ett projekt som drivs av enbart studenter med hög personalomsättning utan ersättning. Studien har undersökt två forskningsfrågor kopplade till KTH Hyperloop som ett radikalt innovationsprojekt. Studien inleddes med att göra en grundlig litteraturstudie där relaterade områden undersöktes och en teoretisk referensram byggdes upp. De områden som undersöktes var agila metoder, organisationsstrukturer, radikal innovation och motivation. Vidare i arbetet gjordes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med fyra respondenter från KTHHyperloop. Från resultatet i denna studie kan lärdomar användas i liknande projekt om vad som gynnar respektive hämmar radikala innovationsprojekt. Studien visar att inre motivation är en stor faktor till varför personer söker sig till ett studentprojekt som KTH Hyperloop men det krävs även yttre motivationsfaktorer såsom goda resultat i projektet. För att organisera ett radikalt innovationsprojekt under hög omsättning av personal krävs agila arbetsmetoder och stor informationsspridning som genomsyrar alla nivåer i organisationen. / To enable businesses to maintain strong competitiveness in today’s dynamical marketplace they need a high level of innovation. KTH Hyperloop is a student project in Sweden Stockholm at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), currently in the middle of a radical innovation project with the goal to change future transportation. The main idea of the project is to create a vehicle which will be transported in a vacuum by electromagnetism. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the knowledge of the product development process of an innovation project such as KTH Hyperloop, a project driven and executed only by students with high staff turnover without any form of compensation. This study analyzed two research questions linked to KTH Hyperloop seen as a radical innovation project. The study was initiated by conducting a thorough literature study. Related areas were examined and a theoretical frame of references was created. Litterature areas examined were motivation, agile methods, organizational structures and radical innovation. Further into the project, a qualitative interview study which included four respondents from KTH Hyperloop was conducted . Results from this study can be applied to similar projects regarding beneficial and inhibitory factors to a radical innovation project. The results of this study shows that intrinsic motivation is one of the major factors to why people apply to a student project as KTH Hyperloop. It is also important to have extrinsic motivational factors such as achieving good results in the project. Another conclusion that this study shows is organizing a radical innovation project under a high turnover of staff requires agile work methods. Also, the project needs to have aspread of information that reaches all levels in the organization to be able to reach radical innovation results.

The purpose of this study is to identify how and why market-oriented big data is integrated and used in the early stages of radical innovation processes. The study was conducted as an inductive case study of exploratory character in which the case company was chosen based on its work with radical innovations and big data. The data collection was conducted in the form of 26 interviews with integrators and users of market-oriented big data. Concepts, themes and nine aggregated dimensions where developed through this study which describes how and why market-oriented big data is integrated and used in early stages of radical innovation processes. The study's results show that market-oriented big data can be used to; create market insights, create market needs, problem development, problem evaluation, idea development and finally idea evaluation. Integration of market-oriented big data has been identified by three dimensions; flowing integration, collecting integration and mapping integration. Finally, a framework was developed to support the implementation of market-oriented big data in radical innovation processes. The framework shows what market-oriented big data can be used for, how it can be integrated, and concretizes the reasons for integration and use being implemented in these phases. / Syfte med denna studie är att identifiera hur och varför marknadsorienterad big data integreras och användas i tidiga faser av radikala innovationsprocesser. Studien har genomförts som en induktiv fall-studie av explorativ karaktär där fallföretag valts utifrån dess arbete med radikala innovationer och big data. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i form av 26 intervjuer med såväl integrerare som användare av marknadsorienterad big data. Utifrån dessa intervjuer utvecklades koncept, teman och nio aggregerade dimensioner som beskriver hur och varför marknadsorienterad big data integreras och används i tidiga faser av radikala innovationsprocesser. Studiens resultat visar att marknadsorienterad big data kan användas för att; skapa marknadsinsikt, skapa marknadsbehov, problemutveckling, problemutvärdering, idéutveckling och slutligen idéutvärdering. Integrering av marknadsorienterad big data har identifierats ske genom tre dimensioner; strömmande integrering, samlande integrering och mappande integrering. Slutligen har ett ramverk utvecklats med syfte att stödja implementering av marknadsorienterad big data i radikala innovationsprocesser. Ramverket visar på vad marknadsorienterade big data kan användas till, hur det kan integreras samt konkretiserar orsakerna till att integrering och användning genomförs i dessa faser.

Avvalendosi di una prospettiva di network, il presente lavoro di ricerca pone al centro della propria analisi gli accordi inter-organizzativi sottostanti un'innovazione dall'evidente connotazione radicale: la fuel cell technology. Lo studio proposto consta di tre fasi esplorative interdipendenti. In primo luogo, attraverso interviste a manager di aziende coinvolte, è definito un modello interpretativo che consenta di distinguere i diversi attori del network in classi di organizzazioni similari. In conformità a tale modello, il primo obiettivo della ricerca è rilevare la presenza di pattern relazionali ricorrenti nel contesto di interesse; in modo specifico, si vuole verificare se i vari accordi si configurino in modo conforme alla logica di value chain, costituendo così il prodromo di un futuro comparto industriale. Successivamente, si vuole determinare quali tipologie di organizzazioni assumano una posizione strategica all'interno del network collaborativo, prefigurandosi come i catalizzatori dell'innovazione tecnologica. risultati emersi producono implicazioni a livello teorico e pratico. Da un lato, è approfondito il dibattito circa i fattori antecedenti al posizionamento di un'organizzazione all'interno di un network collaborativo; dall'altro, è offerto un contributo ai principali studi relativi alla fuel cell technology, attraverso un'indagine delle dinamiche inter-organizzative presenti. / The aim of the study is to analyze interorganizational relationships related to a radical innovation through a network perspective. The research model is the result of three interrelated steps: the definition of an interpretive model through exeperts interviews, the recurrent relational patterns analysis through relational contingency tables, and the network actors centrality antecedent through statistic regression. The results suggest some theoretical and practical implications.

Los ensayos contenidos en esta disertación doctoral estudian como la explotación activos intangibles tales como patentes y propiedad intelectual pueden contribuir a la creación de valor y fortalecer las ventajas competitivas de la firma. En particular, se busca estudiar las diferentes estrategias seguidas por las empresas para explotar el valor creado a través de la innovación, examinando como la incertidumbre de mercado y los activos necesarios para explotar el la innovación, determinan la decisión de comercialización. El primer capitulo presenta un modelo teórico que estudia la decisión de comercializar una patente como una opción para invertir. El segundo capitulo aborda el problema de comercialización a través de una licencia, cuando el nivel de incertidumbre de mercado es alta. Finalmente, el ultimo capitulo examina como los spillovers entre diferentes grupos de investigación afectan el valor de las innovaciones creadas. / The essays in this thesis are concerned to study the potential linkages between Firms' business strategies and how the exploitation of intellectual assets determines the way innovation can help in building competitive advantages and increasing firm value. In particular, I focus on the different strategies employed by firms to exploit the value created by innovation, examining how market uncertainty and complementary assets affect commercialization decisions. The first chapter of the thesis develops a theoretical model that studies the decision to commercialize as an option to invest. The second chapter is an empirical test to find how market uncertainty can affect the likelihood that a disembodied patent will be licensed. Finally the last chapter studies how knowledge spillovers affect the value of patented inventions.

The global world has been strongly changed and year 2013 - was for automotive big challenge! At the beginning of the year 2013 automotive experts predicted stable growth in LDC's and CIS's. But today in 2014, we know, that was different. How are the markets turbulenting shows current changes in U.S. economical and financial politics which also influents structural economical deformations and market warping in LDC's. On the other hand the current political crisis in Ukraine influence in turn CIS's markets where the ŠKODA is called the international automotive leader. Likewise, good to know is, that the current Russia annexation political approach influence negatively international exchange rates which brings strategical calm down to the ŠKODA growth and profit. In the same time running national politicical systems crises in the markets where ŠKODA long-term strong is, e.g. Arabian world. Despite of turbulent market trends introduced ŠKODA in 2013 the biggest model offensive in own history connected shortly with the biggest investment costs. Everything in the age when the world is more connected and requests bigger flexibility, faster launches of products and bigger frequency of radical innovations. Exist strategical coherence between automotive enterprises, national economies and self-started employees? Is sustainability the key condition for the growth in automotive industry? If yes, it is possible to measure sustainable growth in automotive enterprises? How manage correctly the automotive enterprise to be long-term sustainable and profitable growth despite of turbulent market environment?

Start-ups have played and still play a vital role in national and global economies. To grow and maintain competitiveness, companies need to innovate, and this is the engine of market growth. However, existing studies do not provide sufficient guidance and explanation on how companies in the early stages of life can successfully define a market for radical innovation. Some previous studies have focused on market niche and breakthrough innovation, others on start-ups and their radical innovation, and others on entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities.  Therefore, the objective of this master’s thesis is to systematically address and explain how start-ups with their radical innovation can define a market and what dynamic capabilities are necessary to reach it successfully. This master's thesis presents a qualitative case study, and the results show that start-ups can face several challenges when defining a market, especially when talking about radical innovation. However, the deployment of dynamic capabilities in a constant manner can support start-ups in the complex process of the delimitation of the market. These capabilities are essential for start-ups not only to shape the offer but also to deal with uncertain environments and to adapt to changes in the market. The findings of this thesis contribute to sharpening the theoretical framework of dynamic capabilities in an entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurs can benefit from the results as a practical guide when defining a market. Moreover, for academia, the results improved the dynamic capabilities framework with an illustration of the application of these capabilities in a real scenario.