Questões contemporâneas relacionadas ao museu têm ocupado discussões a respeito de sua atuação e das representações no espaço expositivo. A aproximação do global com o local é efetiva quando o a exposição é reelaborada a partir da cultura da imagem, aproximando-se de resultados advindos de processos colaborativos com grupos do entorno, tradicionalmente sem representatividade em seus acervos. A aproximação com o grupo cultural requer o desenvolvimento de metodologias onde o levantamento patrimonial passa a ser prática efetuada diretamente com esses sujeitos culturais. A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar aspectos contemporâneos da cultura indígena, pela abordagem dos Estudos de Recepção, o que permitiu o levantamento do momento cultural atual do grupo Kaingang da aldeia Vanuíre, buscando relacioná-lo aos aspectos globais que incidem sobre as formas de se apresentar sua cultura na exposição. Conclui-se que aspectos da cultura indígena, aparentemente tão distantes do campo digital, se mostram bastante apropriados para reflexões que se ampliam da exposição para o campo museológico. / Contemporary issues related to the museum have held discussions about its operations and representations in the exhibition space. The approach of the global with the local is effective when the exposure takes into account aspects of the culture of the image, while he can approach the results generated by interactive processes along the nearby museum groups. This approach to local cultures requires the development of new methodologies of patrimonial raising, in direct action with these groups. This research aims to investigate contemporary aspects of indigenous culture, the reception studies, to survey the current time of Kaingang group of village Vanuíre, while seeking to relate them to the global aspects that focus on contemporary ways of seeing, causing reflections on possible representations by the museum. We conclude that specific aspects of indigenous cultures, seemingly distant of the culture of the image, and perhaps for that reason, are relevant to approaches that focus not only on the exposure, expanding to the theoretical and methodological field of Museology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jacqueline Sobral Mesquita Martins.pdf: 1194783 bytes, checksum: cd462963cdae99dcf2274981702f02c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Children´s increasing access to media and their exposure to a highly eroticized culture has created and originated controversial debate between researchers, educators as well as parents who very often blame the media for destroying childhood . Based on paradigms that perceive the child as an active actor, despite still in developing state, but capable of dialoguing, influencing and being influenced by the adult world, and also capable of producing their own culture and constructing their own meanings, this research aims at understanding the social uses and appropriations that this particular audience makes of media content. It also looks at how these mediatized contents influence their perceptions of love, eroticism and sex. The study depicts results of an audience study, along with ethnographic method, conducted in a group of working class children, aged between 7 and 11 years old who attend educative activities at a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) which offers community care for children in the west region of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. / A expansão do acesso das crianças aos meios de comunicação e o aumento da sua exposição a uma cultura cada vez mais erotizada vêm despertando debates entre pesquisadores, educadores e pais, quase sempre atribuindo à mídia a "culpa" pela "destruição da infância". A partir de paradigmas que percebem a criança como sujeito, ainda que em formação, capaz não apenas de dialogar, influenciar e ser influenciado pelo mundo adulto, mas também de produzir sua própria cultura e construir significados próprios, a pesquisa pretende compreender que usos sociais e apropriações o público infantil faz de conteúdos difundidos pela mídia e como os mesmos influenciam suas percepções sobre amor, erotismo e sexo. O trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo de recepção com orientação etnográfica, com crianças de sete a onze anos de classes populares, que frequentam uma organização não-governamental na zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo.

Recent queer scholarship challenges the academy’s longstanding urban and adult oriented trajectory, pointing to the way such studies ignore rural and heartland regions of the country as well as the experiences of youth. In this thesis, I craft a limited ethnographic methodological approach together with a textual analysis of The Oprah Winfrey Show to deliver portraits of gay men living in various rural or heartland areas who use their television sets to encounter and identify with LGBTQ people across the nation. The overarching aim of this project is to explore the ways in which religion, rurality, and Oprah coalesce in the process of identity creation to form rural gay men’s conceptual selves and how they are then informed by that identity formation. I will focus my textual analyses through the frames of six of Oprah Winfrey’s “ultimate viewers” to elucidate how they receive and interact with her star text, how they use television sets in the public rooms of their homes to create boundary public spheres, and how they are impacted by the show’s various uses of the coming out paradigm. In so doing, this thesis seeks to contribute to the scholarship of rural queer studies, television studies, and Oprah studies. / text

The early- to mid-twentieth century criticism surrounding E. E. Cummings often dismisses his poetry in Eliotic terms. In analyzing Cummings’s critics’ arguments and methodologies, I attempt to reveal the ways in which Cummings has been unfairly labelled, and also the strains in modernist criticism that have continued up through to today. I compare the modernist approaches to the text to the way recent critics talk about Cummings in order to shed light on our critical inheritance from modernism. Finally, I analyse Cummings’s poetry in terms of one of the more recent discussions of modernist texts, that of relationship between commodity and advertising culture and modernist poetry. My project seeks, by using Cummings as a case study, to articulate not only how certain literary values came to be established, but also how certain methods of persuasion in literary criticism can undermine and even silence certain aspects of a text.

Au cours du XIXe siècle, la notion de détail s’est imposée comme un outil théorique majeur pour l’appréhension des représentations visuelles. Menée à travers l’analyse de textes variés rendant compte de la réception des images dans le contexte de cas précis (exposition de peinture, inauguration d’un panorama, publication d’un ouvrage illustré, etc.), l’étude historique de la notion de détail révèle les différents préjugés et réseaux de signification qui lui étaient alors attachés. Le détail étant le produit d’un cadrage opéré par la perception visuelle, l’examen de cette notion nous renseigne non seulement sur le rapport que l’époque entretenait avec le visible, mais aussi sur la nature des liens qu’elle tissait entre la partie et le tout. Ainsi, il apparaît que le détail était propre à satisfaire les besoins d’une période associant voir et savoir et cherchant dans le contrôle du visible les moyens de maîtriser un réel en constante mutation. À ce titre, c’est sur l’argument du détail que reposait l’attribution d’une valeur scientifique, historique ou documentaire aux représentations. Toutefois, le détail devait confirmer le statut de l’ensemble dont il était tiré, car, s’il était discordant, il devenait un indice trahissant un mensonge. Pour cette raison et aussi parce le rendu détaillé dans les représentations témoignait d’une observation rigoureuse du réel et d’un travail patient de restitution, le détail était souvent investi de connotations morales reflétant les valeurs bourgeoises en train de s’imposer. Cependant, alors que le détail était censé servir une meilleure connaissance de l’ensemble, sa prolifération était redoutée, car elle faisait paradoxalement courir à la perception du tout le risque de la dislocation. De plus, dans la mesure où il relève toujours du particulier et d’une observation jugée objective, le détail était souvent perçu comme contrevenant à la valeur artistique des représentations. Ainsi, cette question s’est cristallisée dans les débats portant sur le caractère artistique de l’image photographique qui se distinguait par un rendu inédit et systématique des détails. Enfin, l’analyse de cet argument polymorphe que constitue la notion de détail au XIXe siècle fait apparaître les limites de l’engouement dont elle a fait l’objet. Étant toujours envisagé dans sa dimension figurative, comme instance iconique minimale, le détail tel qu’il était conçu à l’époque ne permettait pas de saisir le substrat matériel qui commençait à émerger dans la peinture moderne. Ainsi, jusque dans ses limites, la notion de détail révèle des enjeux majeurs de la modernité. / Over the course of the nineteenth century, the notion of detail became an established theoretical tool in the understanding of visual representations. Conducted through multiple text analyses taking into account the reception of images in specific contexts (a painting exhibition, the opening of a panorama show, the publication of an illustrated literary work), this historical study reveals the prejudices and networks of meaning attached to the notion of detail. Because detail is the product of visual perception, a study of this notion reveals not only the relationship with the visible that existed at the time, but also the nature of links between parts and the whole. Detail was essential in meeting the needs of a time that associated “seeing” with “knowing” and that attempted to find a means of controlling the ever-changing reality through the visible. As such, the attribution of scientific, historical, or documentary value relied on the argument provided by detail. Nonetheless, detail was supposed to confirm the status of the whole from which it was derived, since when these did not match, the detail became a sign of a lie. For this reason, and also because a detailed depiction signified a rigorous observation of the real conveyed through a careful reproduction, details were often imbued with moral connotations that reflected the bourgeois values of the time. However, while details were meant to help know the whole better, their proliferation was also feared, because it increased the risk of interfering with the perception of the whole. In addition, insofar as it is always derived from the specific and from an observation deemed objective, the detail is often perceived as being in conflict with the artistic value of the representation. This issue became crystallized in the debates on the artistic qualities of photography, an art form characterized by a hitherto unparalleled level of detail. In the end, the analysis of this polymorphic argument encapsulating the notion of detail in the nineteenth century reveals the limits of the infatuation of which it was the object. Previously envisioned in its figurative dimension, the detail as it was perceived at the time did not allow the capture of a material substratum, which started to emerge later with the advent of modern painting. Even in its limitations, the notion of detail reveals the principal issues of modernity. / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse a été dépouillée de ces documents visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Debates concerning the veracity, ethics and politics of the documentary form circle endlessly around the function of those who participate in it, and the meaning attributed to their participation. Great significance is attached to the way that documentary filmmakers do or do not participate in the world they seek to represent, just as great significance is attached to those subjects whose participation extends beyond playing the part of eyewitness or expert, such that they become part of the very filmmaking process itself. This Ph.D. explores the interface between documentary practice and participatory culture by looking at how their practices, discursive fields and histories intersect, but also by looking at how participating in one might mean participating in the other. In short, the research is an examination of participatory culture through the lens of documentary practice and documentary criticism. In the process, however, this examination of participatory culture will in turn shed light on documentary thinking, especially the meaning and function of ‘the participant’ in contemporary documentary practice. A number of ways of conceiving of participation in documentary practice are discussed in this research, but one of the ideas that gives purpose to that investigation is the notion that the participant in contemporary documentary practice is someone who belongs to a participatory culture in particular. Not only does this mean that those subjects who play a part in a documentary are already informed by their engagement with a range of everyday media practices before the documentary apparatus arrives, the audience for such films are similarly informed and engaged. This audience have their own expectations about how they should be addressed by media producers in general, a fact that feeds back into their expectations about participatory approaches to documentary practice too. It is the ambition of this research to get closer to understanding the relationship between participants in the audience, in documentary and ancillary media texts, as well as behind the camera, and to think about how these relationships constitute a context for the production and reception of documentary films, but also how this context might provide a model for thinking about participatory culture itself. One way that documentary practice and participatory culture converge in this research is in the kind of participatory documentary that I call the ‘Camera Movie’, a narrow mode of documentary filmmaking that appeals directly to contemporary audiences’ desires for innovation and participation, something that is achieved in this case by giving documentary subjects control of the camera. If there is a certain inevitability about this research having to contend with the notion of the ‘participatory documentary’, the ‘participatory camera’ also emerges strongly in this context, especially as a conduit between producer and consumer. Making up the creative component of this research are two documentaries about the reality television event Band In A Bubble, and participatory media practices more broadly. The single-screen film, Hubbub , gives form to the collective intelligence and polyphonous voice of contemporary audiences who must be addressed and solicited in increasingly innovative ways. One More Like That is a split-screen, DVD-Video with alternate audio channels selected by a user who thereby chooses who listens and who speaks in the ongoing conversation between media producers and media consumers. It should be clear from the description above that my own practice does not extend to highly interactive, multi-authored or web-enabled practices, nor the distributed practices one might associate with social media and online collaboration. Mine is fundamentally a single authored, documentary video practice that seeks to analyse and represent participatory culture on screen, and for this reason the Ph.D. refrains from a sustained discussion of the kinds of collaborative practices listed above. This is not to say that such practices don’t also represent an important intersection of documentary practice and participatory culture, they simply represent a different point of intersection. Being practice-led, this research takes its procedural cues from the nature of the practice itself, and sketches parameters that are most enabling of the idea that the practice sets the terms of its own investigation.

A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a emoção suscitada pela imagem dos apresentadores de telejornal cria laços de fidelização com o telespectador. Esta é uma estratégia para fidelizar a audiência através da imagem mítica de perfeição dos apresentadores do Jornal Nacional, Fátima Bernardes e William Bonner. No campo teórico, amparo-me na neurociência, na psicologia e na sociologia para compreender como a emoção desempenha importante papel na tomada de decisões racionais, incorporando essa concepção às teorias do jornalismo. No campo metodológico, utilizo o Orkut - mais acessado site de relacionamentos no Brasil - como ambiente de estudo de recepção. A espontaneidade e a liberdade de expressão dos participantes permitem encontrar os sentidos de emoção e fidelização sem interferência externa à amostra. Como corpus de análise discursiva, trabalho com 60 comunidades dedicadas ao casal e ao JN, em um período de seis anos, investigando descrições das comunidades, enquetes e participações dos usuários. / The hypothesis of this research is that the emotion produced by the image of newscasters creates ties of fidelity with television viewers. This is a strategy in order to maintain the audience fidelity through the mythical image of perfection of Jornal Nacional newscasters, Fátima Bernardes and William Bonner. As theoretical approach, I took concepts of neuroscience, psychology and sociology to comprehend how emotion executes an important function at rational decisions, incorporating this view to journalism theories. As methodological approach, I choose Orkut - the biggest social networking website on Brazil - as ambient to the reception study. The spontaneity and freedom of Orkut users made possible to find the meanings of emotion and fidelity without external interference. As discursive sample, I choose 60 virtual communities dedicated to the newscasters and Jornal Nacional, in the course of six years, analyzing communities descriptions, surveys and participations of users.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims at understanding the relationships among the representation of elderlihood conveyed in a telenovela of a prime time and its appropriation by elderly women of popular classes. The objective is to understand how telenovela builds representations of elderlihood as well as how such representations are taken by receptors as concerns building their identities through mediation of gender and social class. Theoretically, it is based on the cultural studies, on latin-american reflections about mediation proposed by Martín-Barbero and on the intersection between studies about elderlihood and media. As for the method, theories of the Codification/Decodification model, proposed by Stuart Hall, and the Culture Communicative Mediations method proposed by Martín-Barbero are articulated. Regarding production, an analysis of elderly representations portrayed in telenovela Passione and reflections about the dynamics of the production of the plot were accomplished. Reception is studied through six elderly women, among 63 to 76 years old, from popular classes, living in Santa Maria-RS. Such study is a critical ethnography of reception. Observation of the domestic space, with registers in the field journal, were used as techniques, along with watching telenovela together with four of those women, exploratory interviews and semistructured/closed interviews. Results point out that telenovela has an important participation on the process of building elderlihood of the receptors, facing a context of wide destabilizations on the ways of representing and living such period of life. Passione, although endorsing the dominant representations, brings significant spaces for negotiation and presents opposing codifications of elderlihood, especially as regards the dimensions of family and affective life/sexuality. Appropriation of the receptors are pervaded by mediations of class and of gender. The class defines a more oppressive experience of the feminine condition, marked by a sexist education, sexual division of labor and interference over their lives, which pervade the ways they mean their elderlihood. Entering elderlihood, for once, seems to turn their traditional representations of elderlihood into an unstable condition. Such dynamics configures their representations of elderlihood and is present on the reception of telenovela, where two different matrixes of reading were found, configuring a negotiated decodification. In general terms, they endorse the dominant codifications of elderlihood. When thinking about the plot in relation to themselves, as concerns identification with the characters, more opposing meanings appear according to more positive meanings of elderlihood that they try to build for themselves. / Este trabalho objetiva compreender as relações entre as representações da velhice veiculadas na telenovela do horário nobre e suas apropriações por mulheres idosas das classes populares. Almeja-se entender como a telenovela conforma representações da velhice e como as mesmas são apropriadas pelas receptoras na conformação das suas identidades a partir das mediações de gênero e de classe social. Teoricamente, baseia-se na perspectiva dos estudos culturais, nas reflexões latino-americanas sobre as mediações realizadas por Martín-Barbero e nas intersecções entre estudos sobre velhice e mídia. Metodologicamente, articula as teorizações do modelo Codificação/Decodificação proposto por Stuart Hall e o modelo das Mediações Comunicativas da Cultura de Martín-Barbero. No âmbito da produção, realizou-se a análise das representações da velhice veiculadas na telenovela Passione e reflexões sobre a dinâmica de produção da trama. A recepção é estudada através de seis mulheres idosas, entre 63 e 76 anos, de classes populares residentes em Santa Maria- RS. O estudo configura-se uma etnografia crítica da recepção. As técnicas utilizadas foram observação do espaço doméstico com registros no caderno de campo, assistência da telenovela junto a quatro entrevistadas, realização de entrevistas exploratórias e entrevistas semi-abertas/fechadas. Os resultados apontam que a telenovela tem participação importante na construção das velhices das receptoras, frente a um contexto de amplas desestabilizações nas formas de representar e viver esse período da vida. Passione, apesar de endossar as representações dominantes, traz espaços significativos para negociação e apresenta codificações opositivas da velhice, especialmente nas dimensões da família e vida afetiva/sexualidade. As apropriações das receptoras são perpassadas pelas mediações de classe e de gênero. A classe define uma vivência mais opressora da condição feminina, marcada por uma educação sexista, divisão sexual do trabalho e ingerência sob suas vidas, que perpassa os modos como elas significam suas velhices. O ingresso na velhice, por sua vez, desestabiliza suas concepções tradicionais de gênero. Essa dinâmica configura suas representações da velhice e se faz presente na recepção da telenovela, onde foram encontradas duas matrizes distintas de leitura, configurando-se uma decodificação negociada. Em termos gerais, elas endossam as codificações dominantes da velhice. Quando pensam a trama em relação a si, na identificação com as personagens, significados mais opositivos vêm à tona, de acordo com os significados mais positivos da velhice que buscam construir para si.

A hipótese desta pesquisa é que a emoção suscitada pela imagem dos apresentadores de telejornal cria laços de fidelização com o telespectador. Esta é uma estratégia para fidelizar a audiência através da imagem mítica de perfeição dos apresentadores do Jornal Nacional, Fátima Bernardes e William Bonner. No campo teórico, amparo-me na neurociência, na psicologia e na sociologia para compreender como a emoção desempenha importante papel na tomada de decisões racionais, incorporando essa concepção às teorias do jornalismo. No campo metodológico, utilizo o Orkut - mais acessado site de relacionamentos no Brasil - como ambiente de estudo de recepção. A espontaneidade e a liberdade de expressão dos participantes permitem encontrar os sentidos de emoção e fidelização sem interferência externa à amostra. Como corpus de análise discursiva, trabalho com 60 comunidades dedicadas ao casal e ao JN, em um período de seis anos, investigando descrições das comunidades, enquetes e participações dos usuários. / The hypothesis of this research is that the emotion produced by the image of newscasters creates ties of fidelity with television viewers. This is a strategy in order to maintain the audience fidelity through the mythical image of perfection of Jornal Nacional newscasters, Fátima Bernardes and William Bonner. As theoretical approach, I took concepts of neuroscience, psychology and sociology to comprehend how emotion executes an important function at rational decisions, incorporating this view to journalism theories. As methodological approach, I choose Orkut - the biggest social networking website on Brazil - as ambient to the reception study. The spontaneity and freedom of Orkut users made possible to find the meanings of emotion and fidelity without external interference. As discursive sample, I choose 60 virtual communities dedicated to the newscasters and Jornal Nacional, in the course of six years, analyzing communities descriptions, surveys and participations of users.

The aim of the theses is to describe meanings, which female readers of the slash subgenre derive from it, and interpretive strategies they use to create those meanings. Slash is a type of literature that conceives or develops the same-sex romantic and sexual relationships of male characters from original media art. The subject of work study is the public of this type of literature, which is composed primarily of women. The work is based on the perspective of interpretivism and uses the concept of interpretative communities. According to this concept, meanings are being negotiated within a group of readers sharing interpretative strategies. In this work, I view slashers as an interpretive community and therefore assume that the readers' strategies and meanings will show some similarities. The technique of semi-structured interviews is used to achieve the goals of the theses. The interviews took place with nine female slashers. Data collected in this way were analyzed by the method of grounded theory.