Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-25T13:00:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4451402 bytes, checksum: 426645cedca2523bd4c2e78680d37d87 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T13:00:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4451402 bytes, checksum: 426645cedca2523bd4c2e78680d37d87 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this study we proposed to reflect on the experiences and learning (re) constructed in the prison by female ex-prisoners and recidivists from the penitentiary system in the state of Paraiba. We focus our attention on understanding the biographical meaning which they attribute to that learning in the process of social reinsertion. In general terms, we developed an analytical reflection on the multifaceted character of the prison, and in particular on that which refers to that set of aspects which contribute to triggering off this learning in its social dimensions (which take place in formal, non-formal and informal processes of learning) and individual dimensions (which aggregate the subjective dimension). We start from the hypothesis that although the spaces of privation of liberty possess an anti-educational peculiarity, given their internal problematic structure (with marks of authoritarianism, rigid routine, overcrowding, etc.), they also constitute a locus of multiple learning – whether that be extracted from the field of their previous life (family, work, leisure, etc.) which in spite of being recreated in the prison, does not annul nor substitute it. Moreover, it remains as a reference for the interns and is produced in that context as an alternative for dealing with experiences of privation characteristic of imprisonment and as a strategy for shortening the sentence. The starting point for this approach were the results of the investigation developed during the master’s degree course, which, on the one side, revealed the strong relationship between women’s biographical learning and the motives which lead them to imprisonment and, on the other, showed the diverse possibilities of learning (not only those linked to crime) extant in the prison, although little perceived and considered in the educational processes there present. These results raised the key question of this thesis which is: if the learning acquired throughout life - by means of experience of socialization, was responsible for these women entering prison, what can we say when we add to this baggage of experience and learning (marked by the negation of basic human rights), a new repertoire of learning linked to the experience of domination and subjugation characteristic of the prison context, and at the same time to the ontological desire for liberty? Our interest in comprehending how a group of female ex-prisoners and recidivists redirected their lives after living the experience of prison led us to adopt the theoretical-methodological perspective of biographicity (ALHEIT e DAUSIEN, 1996, 2000, 2007). On the basis of this theoretical-methodological focus, we analysed the meaning attributed by these women to the learning produced and/or re-elaborated in prison, during the process of social reinsertion. From our analyses of their narratives, we understand that the learning which is prevalent in the construction of their biographies, while they are in prison, is that which is necessary for their survival inside. In all the cases narrated, learning to live together reveals itself to be an indispensable condition. In addition, it became clear that when the experiences and learning brought from other fields of life before the period of imprisonment (in the family, school, work, amorous relations, religion, etc. spheres) are added to these prison sociabilities they can both result in continuities and in ruptures and discontinuities on the post-prison biographical plan. But that also depended on the subjective meaning attributed to the learning in this context. Thus the conjunction of these sociabilities with the subjectivities helped these women to construct old and new postures in society, signalling the framing of the prison biographies and biographicities. In turn, we argue that to enlarge the chances of these women (with prison experience) of framing their biographies in the spirit of social reintegration, divested of the prison biographies (linked to recidivism), besides being necessary for enlarging the possibilities of learning in prison (by means of formal and non-formal effective educational actions), it is also necessary to give value to the informal experiences and learning (learning from living together) in the formative processes extant in that context. We conclude finally that the social reintegration of the imprisoned female population, translated in the framing of biographicities, depends as much on the articulation between the different ways of learning acquisition to which the prison gives rise as on educating society in order to achieve the goal of accepting these women back after the completion of their sentences. / Esse estudo se propôs a refletir as experiências e aprendizagens (re)construídas no cárcere por egressas e reincidentes do sistema prisional da Paraíba. Focalizamos nosso interesse na compreensão dos sentidos biográficos que elas atribuem a essas aprendizagens no processo de reinserção social. Grosso modo, realizamos uma reflexão analítica sobre o caráter multifacetado da prisão, particularmente, no que se refere ao conjunto de aspectos que contribuem para o desencadeamento de aprendizagens, em suas dimensões sociais (que ocorrem nos processos formais, não formais e informais de aprendizagem) e individuais (que agregam a dimensão subjetiva). Partimos do pressuposto de que os espaços de privação de liberdade embora possuam uma peculiaridade antieducativa, dada à estrutura interna problemática que apresenta (com marcas de autoritarismo, rígida rotina, superlotação, etc.), se constituem em lócus de múltiplas aprendizagens - sejam as extraídas dos campos da vida anterior (família, trabalho, lazer, etc.), que apesar de serem recriados na prisão, não as anulam nem as substituem, permanecem como referentes para os reclusos e são produzidas nesse contexto como alternativa para lidar com as experiências de privação, próprias do encarceramento, e como estratégia para abreviar a pena. O ponto de partida para essa abordagem foram os resultados da investigação desenvolvida no mestrado, que, de um lado, constatou a forte relação entre as aprendizagens biográficas de mulheres e os motivos que as conduziram ao encarceramento e de outro, revelou as diversas possibilidades de aprendizagens (não apenas aquelas ligadas ao crime) existentes na prisão, embora pouco percebidas e consideradas nos processos educativos ali presentes. Estes resultados suscitaram o questionamento chave desta tese, qual seja: se as aprendizagens adquiridas ao longo da vida - por intermédio das experiências de socialização, foram propiciadoras da entrada dessas mulheres na prisão, o que dizer delas quando somam a essa bagagem de experiências e aprendizagens (marcadas pela negação de direitos humanos básicos) um novo repertório de aprendizagens ligado às experiências de dominação e subjugação próprias do contexto prisional, e ao mesmo tempo ao desejo ontológico de liberdade? O interesse por compreender como um grupo de mulheres egressas e reincidentes reconduzem suas vidas após vivenciarem a experiência da prisão nos aproximou da perspectiva teórica-metodológica da biograficidad (ALHEIT e DAUSIEN, 1996, 2000, 2007). Com base neste enfoque teórico-metodológico foi que analisamos os sentidos atribuídos por essas mulheres, às aprendizagens produzidas e/ou reelaboradas na prisão, no processo de reinserção na sociedade. Das análises de suas narrativas, depreendemos que as aprendizagens que prevalecem na construção de suas biografias, enquanto estão na prisão, são aquelas que urgem como necessárias para a sobrevivência dentro dela. Em todos os casos narrados o aprender a conviver se colocou como uma condição indispensável nesse contexto. Além disso, ficou claro que as experiências e aprendizagens trazidas de outros campos da vida anteriores a prisão (na esfera da família, da escola, do trabalho, das relações amorosas, da religião, etc.) ao serem adicionadas a estas sociabilidades carcerárias podem resultar tanto em continuidades como em rupturas e descontinuidades no plano biográfico pós-prisional. Mas isso também dependeu dos sentidos subjetivos atribuídos às aprendizagens desse contexto. Portanto, a reunião destas sociabilidades com as subjetividades ajudaram essas mulheres à construção de velhas ou de novas posturas na sociedade, sinalizando a emolduração de biografias prisioneiras e de biograficidades. Por sua vez, defendemos que para ampliar as chances dessas mulheres (com experiência prisional) de emoldurarem suas biografias em direção à reintegração social, desvinculadas das biografias prisioneiras (ligadas à reincidência), além de ser necessário ampliar as possibilidades de aprendizagens no cárcere (por meio de ações educativas formais e não formais efetivas), também se faz necessária a valorização das experiências e aprendizagens informais (aprendizagem da convivência) nos processos formativos existentes nesse contexto. Conclui-se, por fim, que a reintegração social da população feminina encarcerada, traduzida na emolduração de biograficidades, depende tanto da articulação entre as diferentes formas de aquisição de aprendizagens (formais, não formais e informais) provenientes da prisão; como da educação da sociedade para o alcance deste propósito ao aceitá-las de volta.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 114219.pdf: 19986524 bytes, checksum: f904721bca3e414bc390800042e79b19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research intended to find out what is the impact of the comanagement model adopted in the prison units of Santa Catarina on the criminal recidivism rates. However, as there are no reliable data on the rate of recidivism in Brazil, we adopted a different approach, which was to find out what magnitude of the reduction of crime that paid off, or justified, in a cost-benefit perspective, the implementation of prison management through co-management with focus on rehabilitation. We first estimated the cost of violence and crime to the public and private sectors, as well as the cost of co-management model implemented in the cities of Tubarão, Joinville, Lages and Itajaí. Thus, we concluded that a percentile reduction of 9.58% in crime rates outweighs the implementation of this model in other prisons in the state, making it viable from the cost-benefit point of view. / Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar qual o impacto do modelo de cogestão prisional adotado por Santa Catarina sobre as taxas de reincidência criminal nas unidades penitenciárias do Estado. No entanto, como não existem dados fidedignos sobre a taxa de reincidência criminal no Brasil, nesta pesquisa buscou-se responder qual a magnitude da redução de criminalidade que compensa, ou justifica, através da ótica do custo benefício, a implementação da administração prisional através da cogestão com foco na ressocialização. Para isso estimou-se o custo da violência e da criminalidade para os setores públicos e privados, bem como o custo do modelo de cogestão implementado nas cidades de Tubarão, Joinville, Itajaí e Lages. Com isso, pôde-se concluir que uma redução percentual de 9,58% na criminalidade compensaria a implementação deste modelo nas demais unidades prisionais do Estado.

As APACs têm sido apresentadas por seus gestores e pelos atores que lhe apoiam como um modelo alternativo de prisão que consegue, mediante uma metodologia própria, diminuir até 15% a reincidência das pessoas que cumprem pena nesses locais, enquanto nas demais prisões a reincidência é superior a 70%. O trabalho descreveu as APACs em Minas Gerais, onde elas já representam 17% do total de unidades prisionais, analisando se o baixo índice de reincidência obtido por elas seria, de fato, um produto da sua metodologia ou poderia estar sendo influenciado também pela sua seletividade. Paralelo a essa questão, também se analisa o papel das APACs dentro do sistema prisional de Minas Gerais, uma vez que os seus gestores classificam-nas como uma alternativa às demais prisões. Para embasar nosso trabalho trazemos os debates sobre: as prisões enquanto um mecanismo de punição, assim como debatemos o constante desejo por sua reforma; sobre o conceito de reincidência, que deve ser tratado com cuidado em razão das diferentes maneiras que existem para mensurá-lo; e sobre as políticas públicas e seus atores uma vez que as casas apaqueanas recebem apoio institucional e financeiro do governo de Minas Gerais, de forma que foram alçadas a atores da política prisional daquele Estado. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir da analise dos dados fornecidos pelo INFOPEN no ano de 2014. Os resultados apresentam informações interessantes sobre as prisões apaqueanas quando elas são comparadas com prisões não apaqueanas ao demonstrar que a seletividade pode ser considerada relevante para os índices de reincidência dessas unidades prisionais, assim como apontamos que as APACs possuem um papel dentro do sistema prisional mineiro. / APACs have been presented by their managers and by the actors who support them as an alternative model of imprisonment that, through its own methodology, is able to reduce up to 15% the recidivism of people serving their sentences in these places, while in the other prisons the recidivism is superior to 70%. The study described APACs in Minas Gerais, where they already represent 17% of the total number of prison units, analyzing whether the low rate of recidivism obtained by them would in fact be a product of their methodology or could be influenced by their selectivity. Parallel to this issue, is also the role of APACs within the prison system of Minas Gerais, since their managers classify them as an alternative to other prisons. To support our work we bring the debates about: prisons as a mechanism of punishment, just as we debate the constant desire for its reform; on the concept of recidivism that must be treated with care because of the different ways in which it can be measured; and on public policies and their actors, since the houses of Achaean receive institutional and financial support from the government of Minas Gerais, in a way that has been elevated to actors of the prison policy of that State. The results were obtained from the analysis of the data provided by INFOPEN in the year 2014. The results present interesting information about the Apaquean prisons when they are compared with non-Apaquean prisons when demonstrat that selectivity can be considered relevant for the recidivism indexes of these prison units, as well as pointing out that the APACs have a role within the prison system of Minas Gerais.

This study employed a multivariate, multidimensional approach to understanding psychosocial and personality variables associated with institutional maladjustment and recidivism among youthful offenders. Participants included nine hundred serious and chronic male youthful offenders incarcerated in the Texas Youth Commission (TYC); sample sizes varied by analysis. Empirically-validated psychosocial factors (e.g., intelligence, home approval status), past criminal history variables, and two self-report personality measures of empathy and hostility were entered into hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses to predict institutional behavior and recidivism at one- and three-year intervals after release from the TYC. Confirmatory factor analysis of the personality measures revealed one underlying factor indicative of their theoretical constructs of empathy and hostility. Some differences were noted between youth in the specialized treatment programs; however, effect sizes were small to moderate. Overall, regression and SEM results indicated the variables accounted for a meaningful proportion of the variance in the outcomes. Specifically, although length of stay in the TYC was associated with institutional behavior, younger age of onset, higher hostility, and greater home disapproval also contributed significantly. Past criminal behavior was predictive of future reoffending, but lower empathy, greater home disapproval, and younger age of onset accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in recidivism. Institutional maladjustment served as a mediator between the psychosocial and personality variables and the recidivism outcomes. Treatment implications are provided, including a discussion of the tenuous association between length of sentence and recidivism and an emphasis on the importance of evaluating dynamic personality and psychosocial variables beyond static measures of past behavior.

Recidivism rates among ex-offender populations have consistently remained high. With over 600,000 ex-offenders being released from prison each year, reducing the rate of recidivism among the ex-offender class has become a highly debated issue. Ensuring ex-offenders successfully reintegrate into the community post-incarceration may help to reduce recidivism rates. Through a qualitative thematic analysis, this study examined various policies and program that may impact recidivism rates among ex-offenders. The policies and programs reviewed in this study were categorized among six main themes which were identified in prior literature as the most crucial elements needed for successful reintegration. The findings indicate that while many policy changes have been made to positively impact ex-offender reintegration by allowing initial access to services post-release from prison, more should be done to ensure ex-offenders actually receive needed services.

"SiS is not a good place for children" is a qualitative study aimed at investigating institutional care and the treatment work that takes place with criminal and convicted youth in Sweden. The study is focused on investigating the importance of the treatment work at the institutions and what impact it has for the target group. The study also examines how the target group is being prepared to return to society with the aim of minimizing recidivism in crime. The empirical material is based on three semi-structured interviews with previously institutionalized youth and three support workers. The study is based on Goffman's research on total institutions and Travis Hirschi's theory on social bonds. The study's general results and conclusions show that there is a rough jargon, destructive adaptation behaviors and a specific social culture at the institution, that can make treatment difficult. Strong external factors in the youth’s environment may be a reason why the youth has developed a social disruptive behavior and these factors are not taken into account in the treatment, which indicates the difficulties in dealing with the complex problem of juvenile delinquency. / “SiS är inte en bra plats för barn att vara på”, är en kvalitativ studie som har i syfte att undersöka SiS behandlingsarbete med LVU-placerade och LSU-dömda ungdomar. Studien fokuserar på att undersöka betydelsen av behandlingsarbetet på institutionen och vilken förändring arbetet har för målgruppen. I studien undersöks även hur målgruppen förbereds för en återgång till samhället, med syfte att minimera återfall i brott. Det empiriska materialet bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre tidigare placerade ungdomar och tre behandlingsassistenter. Studien utgår från Goffmans forskning om totala institutioner, samt Travis Hirschis teori om sociala band. Studiens generella resultat och slutsatser visar på att det existerar en hård jargong, destruktiva anpassningsbeteenden och en egen social kultur på institutionen som i sig försvårar behandlingsarbetet. De starka yttre faktorerna i ungdomens miljö, som kan vara orsak till att ungdomen utvecklat ett socialt nedbrytande beteende, visar sig inte beaktas i behandlingsarbetet, vilket indikerar på svårigheterna att hantera den komplexa problematiken kring ungdomsbrottslighet.

Each year over half a million children are victims of childhood maltreatment. While a plethora of interdisciplinary research has evaluated the detrimental outcomes of these experiences, few studies have analyzed the effects contextual components of child abuse and neglect can have on the life-course of maltreated youth. Juvenile delinquency has been identified as a prominent outcome of maltreatment, however, a lesser portion of the empirical literature has focused on outcomes among more serious justice-involved juveniles. This study analyzed the effects of childhood maltreatment severity on the recidivism outcomes of 853 blended-sentenced juveniles in a large southern state. Previous studies demonstrated worsened outcomes associated with more severe maltreatment, thus higher recidivism rates were expected for more severely maltreated juveniles. The results indicated only sexual abuse severity impacted recidivism rates, and the direction of the relationship was negative. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.

MA (Psychology) / Department of Psychology / Correctional Service inmate rehabilitation and rising issues of recidivism have been of interest within the Justice System with the mind to improve and ensure not only functionality but the effectiveness of every effort put toward rehabilitating inmates. Individuals are not convicted with the intention of closing them off from society completely, but to have their abnormal behavior corrected (this speaks to effective rehabilitation programmes and successful re-entry). Inevitably, this makes the parole period pivotal for assessing these programmes and why rehabilitation is not directly resulting in successful re-entry since parolees are more at risk to reoffend, making up the rising margin of recidivism of over 70% in South Africa. It then becomes significant to look into whether rehabilitative programmes are effective according to individuals who have practically been on the receiving end. This study investigated the lived experiences that recidivist parolees had of rehabilitation by taking a closer look at their lived experiences. This was qualitatively realized by employing to the study: interpretive phenomenological design. From a population of recidivist parolees residing in Vhembe District, after agreeing to participate in the study, a sample of 10 participants was interviewed (in accordance to data saturation) which were attained through the snowball sampling technique. From this sample, data was collected through the use of semi-structured open-ended interviews and analyzed through interpretive phenomenological analysis. This process yielded the following results. Generally, participants felt that rehabilitation programmes are not effective and play a very small role in influencing change. This is a similar case with re-entry into society. In light of this, participants reported that they have difficulty fitting into society as normal members because of social stigma, chronic trauma, not getting enough support after release and not being eligible for employment. Participants also reported irregular administration and accessibility of the programmes for all inmates. In light of these results, rehabilitation should be compulsory for all inmates and should also include post arrest programmes. / NRF

The research problem in this study involved the student cycling, or recidivism, problem associated with specialized education environments. In particular, alternative education students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are cycling in and out of alternative and regular education at a concerning frequency. This student recidivism problem affects the services of teachers who are trying to transform them into permanent regular education learners. The purpose of this study was to obtain specific information from these teachers, via the research questions, as it applies to the theoretical foundation of Bandura's self-efficacy construct, and methodological design of the study. The qualitative method of the study used a phenomenological approach and leadership model to obtain the lived experiences, thus, the perceptions and opinions, of the 10 interviewed teachers experiencing the student cycling problem. A continuous iterative process and constant comparative analysis with inductive analyses of significant statements was used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that the complex study problem affects self-efficacy, thus, their belief in the ability to effectively teach these students. Because nearly 4 decades have passed since Bandura introduced the construct of self-efficacy beliefs, it suggests that teachers' efficacy beliefs are related to their instructional practices and various student outcomes. This study helps to fill in the knowledge gaps within specialized education and attempts to bring teacher-voiced positive social change to the teaching profession and its services particularly within alternative education.

The high recidivism rate of Black male juvenile offenders is a problem in the United States that continues to be of great concern. Probation has gained popularity as being a means of addressing and reducing the high recidivism rates of juvenile offenders. However, there is a lack of research regarding Black male juvenile probationers' perceptions of their probation officers' role in reducing their recidivism. This study examined the following: a) the predictive relationships between Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers, their perceptions of the probation officers' job, and their recidivism within 3 years of being place on probation; and (b) Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers, their perceptions of the probation officers' job, and their ratings of the probation officer's effectiveness in deterring their recidivism. Ecological systems theory was used as the theoretical foundation for guiding this research. Results from a logistic regression analysis showed that Black male probationers' perceptions of their probation officers and the job of their probation officers did not predict their recidivism. The study has implications for social change because the results provide empirical evidence regarding Black male probationer's perceptions of their probation officers and recidivism. Human services professionals, leaders in the criminal justice field, and policy makers could use findings from the study to advocate for the need to develop training programs for probation officers that foster positive relationship building between probationers and probation officers. The positive relationships may subsequently bring social change by reducing recidivism among Black juvenile male offenders.