La présente étude vise à vérifier auprès d’un échantillon québécois d’adolescents agresseurs sexuels quels sont les caractéristiques personnelles et familiales avant le traitement et les caractéristiques thérapeutiques en cours de traitement associées à la récidive violente et générale. Cent quarante (140) délinquants sexuels juvéniles ayant commis au moins une infraction sexuelle à l’égard d’un enfant et ayant participé à un programme de traitement spécialisé ont fait l’objet de cette recherche. L’âge moyen des participants était de 15 ans (σ=1,5). Les données concernant la récidive ont été recueillies suite à une période de suivi moyenne de cinq ans et proviennent de sources officielles des dossiers de la Chambre de la Jeunesse ainsi que du Système d’empreintes digitales de la GRC. Au total, 37 % (n=52) des sujets ont commis à nouveau des infractions criminelles dont 3% des délits sexuels, 11% des délits violents et 23% des infractions générales. Les résultats de l’étude indiquent que certaines caractéristiques personnelles avant le traitement sont associées à la récidive violente et générale. Ainsi, les émotions négatives comme stratégies d’adaptation en situation de stress augmentent les risques de récidive violente alors que la tendance à démontrer plus de symptômes liés à un traumatisme et l’obtention d’un score élevé à l’échelle d’estime de soi de la compétence athlétique augmentent les risques de récidive générale. Aucune caractéristique en cours de traitement ne permet de prédire la récidive violente et générale. Certaines de ces caractéristiques sont toutefois associées à une diminution du risque de ces deux types de récidive. En somme, les conclusions de cette étude montrent qu’une forte proportion d’adolescents auteurs d’abus sexuels poursuivra une carrière criminelle générale plutôt que de se spécialiser en délinquance sexuelle. / The objective of this study was to determine, among a sample of adolescent sexual offenders from Quebec, which personal and family characteristics before treatment and which therapeutic characteristics during treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. One hundred and forty (140) juvenile sexual offenders who had committed at least one child sexual abuse offence and participated in a specialised treatment program were included in the study. The mean age of participants was 15 years. (σ =1,5) Recidivism data was collected after an average follow-up period of five years and comes from official sources, namely from Youth Division records and the RCMP’s Finger Print System. In total, 37% (n=52) of subjects committed criminal offences again, of which 3% were sexual offences, 11% were violent offences and 23% were general offences. The results of the study suggest that certain personal characteristics before treatment are associated with violent and general recidivism. Using negative emotions as a coping strategy in stressful situations increases the risk of violent recidivism, whereas showing more symptoms in relation to a traumatism and having a high score on the self esteem scale good athletic skills increase the risk of general recidivism. No characteristic during treatment could predict violent and general recidivism, although some of these characteristics were associated with a decreased risk of these types of recidivism. The conclusions of this study show that a high proportion of adolescent sexual offenders will pursue a general criminal career rather than specialize in sexual crime.

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Submitted by Milena Niklewicz (milena.niklewicz@gmail.com) on 2016-02-04T19:45:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 329322-Milena_Niklewicz.pdf: 1209857 bytes, checksum: 70ad222b4cfe2eb953b56dc03e01b05e (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br), reason: Milena, In you thesis, below the title it can not appear the words: 1 A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in International Finance from both the NOVA – School of Business and Economics – and Fundação Getulio Vargas EESP A Project carried out on the Social Impact Bond Research Programme, under the supervision of António Miguel (Nova SBE) and Dr. Ricardo Rochman (FGV-EESP) put only the name of FGV In the first page of your thesis you must put only the year, please remove the day and month. The numbers of the pages should only appear in the introduction, put count from the first page The acknowledgment should be before the abstract and it should be in a different page from the abstract The index of figures and the index of tables should be in differents pages, ex: index of figures page 6, index of tables page 7 In the first page and the 2 page and 4 page, is missing the name of FGV, please remove te sayings A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in International Finance from both the NOVA – School of Business and Economics – and Fundação Getulio Vargas EESP and put only the name of FGV Please remove the number after your name If you need help please feel free to contact me. Best. Ana Luiza 3799-3492 on 2016-02-05T11:31:55Z (GMT) / Submitted by Milena Niklewicz (milena.niklewicz@gmail.com) on 2016-02-05T14:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 329322-Milena_Niklewicz.pdf: 1208272 bytes, checksum: 0e36ecbd4e1cb62284c259cca5bbb99b (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br), reason: Milena, Is only missing the acknowledgment, please insert before the abstract Best. Ana Luiza 3799-3492 on 2016-02-05T15:34:16Z (GMT) / Submitted by Milena Niklewicz (milena.niklewicz@gmail.com) on 2016-02-05T18:02:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 329322-Milena_Niklewicz.pdf: 1211000 bytes, checksum: 9b32afc9479f44b543695a939c761452 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Luiza Holme (ana.holme@fgv.br) on 2016-02-05T18:10:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 329322-Milena_Niklewicz.pdf: 1211000 bytes, checksum: 9b32afc9479f44b543695a939c761452 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-11T10:42:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 329322-Milena_Niklewicz.pdf: 1211000 bytes, checksum: 9b32afc9479f44b543695a939c761452 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-18 / The present study analyses whether a Social Impact Bond is a suitable tool to fund APAC Portugal’s intervention model aiming to enhance the life of former offenders and reduce recidivism rates through helping them reinsert into society upon release. While the costs of running a prison will be borne by the public sector just as any other prison, the innovative intervention model has to find another way of financing. The suitability of using a Social Impact Bond to fund this innovative intervention was tested through the building of a robust excel model representing the investment mechanism in order to test the profitability of such a measure. The results show that a Social Impact Bond could indeed fund APAC Portugal’s intervention model efficiently. / Este estudo é uma análise à eficácia de um Social Impact Bond como como instrumento financeiro no modelo de intervenção da APAC Portugal. O objetivo é o de melhorar a vida de ex-criminosos e reduzir os índices de reincidência de modo a apoiar a sua reinserção na sociedade após a libertação. Enquanto os custos de funcionamento de um estabelecimento prisional forem suportados pelo sector público, como é de lei, o modelo inovador de intervenção terá de encontrar um meio alternativo de financiamento. Sendo assim, testámos a rentabilidade de um Social Impact Bond através de um bem estruturado modelo Excel que simula o mecanismo de investimento, tendo os resultados demonstrado que um Social Impact Bond pode, de facto, financiar o modelo de intervenção da APAC Portugal de forma eficaz.

Post-penitentiary treatment and prevention of recidivism The subject of the submitted thesis is the issue of post-penitentiary treatment and prevention of recidivism and its definition within the Czech legal framework. The thesis is divided into four main chapters which are further divided into subchapters. The first chapter analyses the key concept of the subject of the thesis - that is criminal recidivism, its possible concepts and types. Additionally, this chapter describes the reflection of criminal recidivism in the current Czech legislation, particularly in relation to the determination of the type and severity of penalties of recidivistic offenders. This chapter also deals with the causes of recidivism as an essential prerequisite for the application of appropriate treatment and care within the scope of the penitentiary and post-penitentiary treatment. The second chapter deals with the possible ways of preventing recidivism and is further divided into four subchapters. The first two subchapter describe the system and the purpose of the penalties in the prevention of recidivism, the issue of imposing these penalties on recidivist offenders and the issue of an unconditional prison sentence and the related negative consequences with this type of penalty. The third subchapter discusses the...

Le droit pénal français est marqué par une volonté de prévenir la récidive. Ce souhait se concrétise par l’introduction de mesures de sûreté dont la rétention de sûreté. Toutefois, la rétention de sûreté n’est pas une mesure de sûreté comme les autres, ce qui a conduit à de nombreux débats qui, en réalité, reprennent d’anciennes et récurrentes controverses. Cette mesure part en effet du postulat que les criminels sexuels et/ou violents présentent une maladie, maladie qui laisse présumer un risque de récidive. En les traitants comme des malades, le législateur considère ainsi qu’ils sont curables. En conséquence, il convient de mettre en œuvre des soins, seule solution pour prévenir une récidive. Cependant, cette même maladie conduit souvent le patient à refuser les soins pourtant nécessaires au regard de cette maladie. Dans ces circonstances, le soin est contraint, mais non imposé, par la menace, puis la mise en œuvre effective, d’une mesure privative de liberté qu’est la rétention de sûreté, ce qui constitue une menace pour les libertés individuelles. Le mécanisme même de la rétention de sûreté fait ainsi apparaître de nombreux problèmes criminologiques, psychologiques, constitutionnels, conventionnels que le droit français ne peut ignorer. Il est nécessaire de les prendre en compte pour éviter que la rétention de sûreté ne devienne une mesure purement éliminatrice au détriment de son principal objectif, qui reflète le fondement même du droit pénal français, à savoir prévenir la récidive tout en permettant à terme la réinsertion des criminels dans la société. / The French criminal law is characterised by a willingness to prevent recidivism. To give concrete expression to this will, security measures are implemented among which the secure detention. However, the secure detention is not an ordinary measure and gives rises to many debates which, in fact, take up old and recurrent controversies. This measure is based on the assumption that sexual and/or violent criminals show a disease which may suggest a risk of a second offence. As a result, by considering them as sick persons, the legislator asserts that they can be treated. Accordingly, medical care is advised as the only solution to prevent a second offence. However, this disease itself often induces the patient to refuse cares even if it is required for this disease. Under these circumstances, care is constrained by law but not imposed by threat. Yet, if the attempt fails, a measure which deprives of liberties will be effective, such as the secure detention, what threatens individual freedoms. The secure detention process raises many criminological, psychological, constitutional and conventional problems than the French law can’t ignore. It’s necessary to take them into account to prevent the secure detention turning into a phase-out measure to the detriment of its mains objective, which reflects the cause itself of the criminal French law, i. e. to prevent the second offence while helping criminals in the long run to become reintegrated in society.

The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the effectiveness of activities helping people released from an execution of punishment with integrating into the Czech labour market. Attention is drawn to the research question whether the monitored activities reduce reconviction of persons released from a prison and whether they increase their employability. The thesis concludes by identifying main problems of employing the target group and offers recommendation for their solution. The hypothesis about the impact of supportive programmes on the recidivism was not confirmed; on the other hand the positive impact of activities conducted by some non-profit organizations on the employability of released prisoners was affirmed. The recommendation of this thesis is to support the activities of non-profit organizations. This recommendation is supported by the results of a survey among the employers.

This descriptive, statistical survey research design sought to identify factors that motivate individuals to stay crime free after serving time in prison. The purpose of this research study was to examine the factors that played a significant role in recidivism.

The objective of this study was to investigate and analyse the educators’ experience in managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment. Provision of education in the South African Department of Correctional Services is in terms of Section 29 (1) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No.108 of 1996) which stipulates that “everyone has a right (a) to basic education, and (b) to further education, which the state, through reasonable measures, must make progressively available and accessible.” “This constitutional imperative for schooling is not a right that is curtailed by incarceration” (DCS, 2005:137). The researcher used qualitative research inquiry. This is a case study of the educators’ experience in managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment. To obtain an in-depth understanding and gain more insight on the research topic, this study focused on one full- time school within the South African Department of Correctional Services. Literature reveals that “correctional centres are bureaucratic institutions that are characterised by a number of factors that can potentially encourage or impede education programme success” (Sanford &Foster, 2006:604). The environment makes learning difficult as there are frequent lockdowns, headcounts and hearings that disrupt the consistency of classes and interrupt the education process (Schirmer, 2008:29). Few learners attend classes and whilst in class they are not really listening, instead, they would be sleeping and unproductive. In most cases, learners would be present because they were forced to be in the education programme (Wright, 2004:198). In this study, the researcher used semi-structured one on one interviews, and document analysis as data collection strategies. Purposeful sampling was utilized to select respondents. A total of six respondents who are full-time educators employed by the Department of Correctional Services were interviewed. The study reveals that managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment seems to be challenging because education is not respected and not prioritized. This finding appears to be consistent with literature which reveals that the uniqueness of correctional centre culture with a correctional centre management characterized by a focus on security measures such as lockdowns and head counts constraints the possibilities of learning (Watts, 2010:57). Based on the findings in this study, the researcher recommends that educator development should be prioritized within the Department of Correctional Services and school management should be informed about learners that are released from the correctional centre. This study concludes that managing a full-time school within a Correctional Services environment is challenging due to Correctional Services environment being not conducive for teaching and learning and inadequate resources. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted