毒品濫用問題乃世界各國共通之施政難題，我國政府於1993年宣布向毒品宣戰，並在2005年8月引進美沙酮替代療法（Methadone Maintenance Treatment，MMT），於全國各縣市推動毒品減害計畫。但歷經十餘年之努力，毒品人口與整體毒品再犯率截至2010年底並未明顯降低，足見毒品防制政策有全面檢視問題癥結，重新調整執行策略之必要。本研究就此現象探討三項議題：1.毒品防制領域，IT有無著力之空間？ 2.以美沙酮替代療法為主之毒品防制策略在台灣地區推行是否發揮預期的效果？現行做法有無改善空間？ 3.出監毒癮者復歸社會後再犯率高，其最需要政府的幫助為何，方能有效降低再犯毒品罪之誘因？。三項議題互為關聯。 本研究探訪毒品防制第一線工作人員，並參考國內外毒品減害文獻，歸納目前毒品危害防制工作推動上的困境，探究IT可出力之空間，並提出“毒品成癮者資訊總歸戶”的概念。整合法務、警政、衛生醫療等毒品防制資訊，建立跨部會即時歸戶資料庫並建立部會間協同作業之標準作業程序（SOP），以提升毒品防制工作之效率。進而運用歸戶系統之客觀數據，評量毒品替代療法政策之推行成效，並實際訪問領域專家及調查毒品犯社會適應之困難與需求，以歸納具體、可行之解決方案。 研究發現資訊系統可改善毒品危害防制中心效率，但不能單獨讓毒品防制工作之網絡有效運轉，現行毒品防制組織、制度問題之發現與解決更是關鍵。本文並依客觀數據之分析及實地訪問、調查結果，提出多項制度變革之建議，以供政府權責機關參採。 / Background:Drug abuse problems have been a global concern issue. Taiwan’s government introduced Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) in Aug. 2005, now it has become one of the major strategies in fighting drug abuse. Whereas, up to 2010 MMT strategy still not shows effectiveness in reduce drug population and recidivism. The aim of this study is to: Provide the value to the Drug Abuse Provention System in R.O.C.through IT approach,and to evaluate whether MMT is performed adequately in Taiwan.If not,what are the key factors? The study will provide objective evidence and suggestions to authorities for better decision making. Methods: This study used Prove of Concept (POC) and experiment approachs. Build software system and SOP to prove the concept of “National Drug Addicts Supporting and Monitoring System (NDASMS)” can enhance the efficiency of Information Intergration among government agencies of drug prevention effectively. The study also used the data of NDASMS to evaluate the efficacy of MMT implementation in Taiwan, and find the reasons why MMT dose not work as expected. Result: The IT approach have been proved that enhance the infromation integration effectively among agencies, but IT can,t make the Chain of National Drug Provention Mechanism improve alone.The adequacy of MMT implementation and its supporting measures in Taiwan need to be further examined.

Considerable attention has focussed on identifying individual factors associated with, or predictive of, sexual offending (e.g., Efta-Breitbach & Freeman, 2004). In light of these individual factors, clinicians and researchers have developed standardized instruments for assessing the risk posed by sexually offending youth. Two such instruments are the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II; Prentky & Righthand, 2003) and the Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offence Recidivism Version 2.0 (ERASOR-II; Worling & Curwen, 2001). In addition to individual factors, research on crime has demonstrated that structural factors within the community may be important determinants of sexual and non-sexual offending (e.g., McCarthy, 1991; Ouimet, 1999; Shaw & McKay, 1942; Wirth, 1938). Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare the psychometric properties of two newly developed risk assessment instruments (i.e., J-SOAP-II and ERASOR-II) and (b) to use the better instrument to compare the levels of risk posed by sexually offending youth in 3 neighbouring, but diverse communities. Using file information, the J-SOAP-II and ERASOR-II were scored on 84 adolescent males between the ages of 11 and 20 years who had committed a sexual offence and received treatment at Youth Forensic Psychiatric Services (YFPS) in the Greater Vancouver Area (GVA; n = 30), Central Okanagan (CO; n = 26), and Thompson Nicola region (TN; n = 28). Calculations of interrater reliability and item-total correlations indicated that the J-SOAP-II was a better assessment instrument for this sample of offenders. Consequently, further regional analysis of risk was conducted using the J-SOAP-II data. Results indicated that although there were no regional differences among the severity and history of sexual offending, TN youth generally had a greater number of risk factors than did youth in CO and GVA. Specifically, youth in TN were found to be higher risk in the areas of intervention, general problem behaviour, iii and family/environment dynamics. These results suggest that to better understand youth who commit sexual offences and to provide appropriate prevention and intervention strategies for individual offenders and their communities, youth should not be evaluated in isolation from their social and community context. Recommendations for practice are discussed.

Considerable attention has focussed on identifying individual factors associated with, or predictive of, sexual offending (e.g., Efta-Breitbach & Freeman, 2004). In light of these individual factors, clinicians and researchers have developed standardized instruments for assessing the risk posed by sexually offending youth. Two such instruments are the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II; Prentky & Righthand, 2003) and the Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offence Recidivism Version 2.0 (ERASOR-II; Worling & Curwen, 2001). In addition to individual factors, research on crime has demonstrated that structural factors within the community may be important determinants of sexual and non-sexual offending (e.g., McCarthy, 1991; Ouimet, 1999; Shaw & McKay, 1942; Wirth, 1938). Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to compare the psychometric properties of two newly developed risk assessment instruments (i.e., J-SOAP-II and ERASOR-II) and (b) to use the better instrument to compare the levels of risk posed by sexually offending youth in 3 neighbouring, but diverse communities. Using file information, the J-SOAP-II and ERASOR-II were scored on 84 adolescent males between the ages of 11 and 20 years who had committed a sexual offence and received treatment at Youth Forensic Psychiatric Services (YFPS) in the Greater Vancouver Area (GVA; n = 30), Central Okanagan (CO; n = 26), and Thompson Nicola region (TN; n = 28). Calculations of interrater reliability and item-total correlations indicated that the J-SOAP-II was a better assessment instrument for this sample of offenders. Consequently, further regional analysis of risk was conducted using the J-SOAP-II data. Results indicated that although there were no regional differences among the severity and history of sexual offending, TN youth generally had a greater number of risk factors than did youth in CO and GVA. Specifically, youth in TN were found to be higher risk in the areas of intervention, general problem behaviour, iii and family/environment dynamics. These results suggest that to better understand youth who commit sexual offences and to provide appropriate prevention and intervention strategies for individual offenders and their communities, youth should not be evaluated in isolation from their social and community context. Recommendations for practice are discussed.

Huit instruments d’évaluation du risque ont été appliqués sur 580 délinquants sexuels. Il s’agit du VRAG, du SORAG, du RRASOR, de la Statique-99, de la Statique-2002, du RM-2000, du MnSORT-R et du SVR-20. De plus, les sujets ont été cotés sur la PCL-R, qui vise la mesure de la psychopathie, mais qui a fait ses preuves en matière de prédiction de la récidive (Gendreau, Little, et Goggin, 1996). En vue de mesurer l’efficacité de ces instruments et de la PCL-R, une période de suivi de 25 ans a été observée. Aussi, une division de l’échantillon a été faite par rapport à l’âge au moment de la libération, afin de mesurer les différences entre les délinquants âgés de 34 ans et moins et ceux de 35 ans et plus. Le présent travail vise à répondre à trois objectifs de recherche, soit 1) Décrire l’évolution du risque en fonction de l’âge, 2) Étudier le lien entre l’âge, le type de délinquant et la récidive et 3) Comparer l’efficacité de neuf instruments structurés à prédire quatre types de récidive en fonction de l’âge. Les résultats de l’étude suggèrent que l’âge influence le niveau de risque représenté par les délinquants. Par ailleurs, les analyses des différents types de récidive indiquent que le type de victime privilégié par les délinquants influence également ce niveau de risque. Les implications théoriques et pratiques seront discutées. / Eight evaluation techniques demonstrating high risk sexual offenders has been taken upon 580 individual sexual offenders. They are among the VRAG, the SORAG, the RRASOR, the Static-99, the Static-2002, the RM-2000, the MnSORT-R ans the SVR-20. Also, the subjects have been quoted according to the PCL-R, which focuses on their mental health, however supporting the quotes by prediction and relaps (Gendreau, Little, et Goggin, 1996). With the ongoing measuring of the suitability of these instruments as well as the PCL-R, it will take a period of 25 years for the observance. As well, a group of subjects have been studied from the age they were let out of prison, to come up with conclusions differentiating the offenders aging 34 and less with the offenders aging 35 and older. The present work on this subject matter hopes to focus on three research objectives: 1) Describe the evolution of risk according to the age, 2) To study the common point between age, they type of offender, and their relaps, and 3) To compare the suitability of 9 instruments the predict 4 types of relaps according to their age. The study results suggest that age affects the level of risk posed by offenders. Furthermore, analyses of different types of recidivism indicate that the preferred type of victim offender also influences the level of risk. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

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Prisoner reentry is becomingly increasingly recognised as a significant societal problem. Almost all prisoners will be released will reenter the community and many will reoffend. Internationally, imprisonment rates continue to rise, compounding the challenge to the criminal justice system that the current system of incarceration and reentry creates. Gaps remain in our understanding of the reentry process and the challenges faced by released prisoners. Previous reentry research has tended to focus on specific issues such as accommodation or employment or have used prisoner interviews as the data source. The gaps in reentry literature are compounded by conflicting definitions of 'successful' reentry. Research was undertaken to examine the definition of 'successful reentry' and to determine the most important variables deemed to affect successful prisoner reentry. Semi structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four stakeholders with a variety of roles in prisoner reentry in Western Australia. Additional data was collected from published government reports, policy documents, research reports and academic literature. The interview findings determined that accommodation, employment, social networks and education and treatment programs were deemed to have the most significant impact on prisoner reentry. One of the most significant findings to emerge is the significance of social networks. This study has found evidence that the value of social networks has been neglected in reentry policy. One of the core issues examined throughout this process was the definition of 'successful reentry'. The term 'successful reentry' requires clarification, alongside elucidation of related goals and measurements. Measures of reentry 'success' need to be developed further or ameliorated by additional criterion as successful reentry is a more complex problem than existing recidivism measures can address. This thesis challenges the existing understanding of the needs of prisoners reentering the community and suggests strategies for improving the reentry process and related outcomes. Future reentry policy needs to give greater weight to the value of social networks and establish mechanisms to facilitate the development and maintenance of these networks, which will in turn, assist prisoners to secure accommodation and employment opportunities.

This paper addresses the question of whether individual delinquent behaviour, or criminogenic risks that lead to it, can be reduced for convicted violence offenders with personality disorder, using the newly developed offence-oriented therapeutic program TERČ ("TARGET"). If so, how will these changes manifest in the recidivism rate, and how they will reflect the personality characteristics of inmates. TARGET was first systematically applied within a special treatment unit for prisoners with mental and behavioral disorders in Liberec Remand Prison in 2008. It is based on selected elements of the Ambulant intensive program (AIP) from Switzerland. A total of 100 convicts were entered TARGET from 2008 to 2015. 65 individuals completed the program successfully, and 57 were released again. The already released graduates of TARGET re-offended within 12 months in 10.4%. Of all admitted TARGET participants, a total of 30.2% either relapsed or failed during the program since 2009. Graduates showed positive, statistically significant changes in the monitored areas of life satisfaction, emotional stability, insight, self-control and aggression, while on scales representing personality disorder no positive, statistically significant effect was observed. For later re-offending prisoners, the changes were...

Never before has the learning experience of incarcerated persons been captured by one of their fellow inmates. Public perception is that prisoners should be denied access to educational opportunities and be punished for the crimes committed. In this groundbreaking study, situated in the qualitative paradigm, I recorded the learning experiences of a group of inmates who are studying at undergraduate level, via distance learning. This phenomenological study originated from my experience of studying while incarcerated, and is aimed at increasing our knowledge of, and enhancing our understanding of incarcerated persons. The study focuses on the learning experiences and challenges encountered by these students. Data was collected from the participants using qualitative methods and analysed using content analysis. Interpretation of the data revealed a number of factors which impede the studies of these students. The investigation is of importance to all persons involved in the Corrections environment but also the general public as inmates return to their communities upon release. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Levando-se em consideração que hoje no Brasi l não possuímos informações consistentes sobre a reincidência entre egressos penitenciários, que principalmente, sem qualquer fundamentação empírica, é identificada como alta no país, este estudo tem como objetivo central compreender como vêm funcionando os programas laborativos e educacionais no sistema penitenciário brasileiro; qual a percepção dos diversos agentes operadores da execução penal quanto aos programas de ressocialização; e qual o impacto efetivo da educação e do trabalho na ressocialização dos detentos. Pretende-se, com este estudo, perceber se realmente os programas de ressocialização de cunho educacional e laborativo interferem diretamente na reinserção social do apen ado, bem como qual o efetivo impacto na execução penal, além de sugestões de políticas públicas eficientes. / Taking into account that in Brazil we do not have reliable information about prison recidivism among those who left prison, which mainly without any empirical foundation, is identified as high in the country, this study aims at understanding how they come running the educational and industrial programs the Brazilian penitentiary system, the perception of the agents operators about the effective punishment implementation as well as the rehabilitation programs, and what the actual impact of education and work in the rehabilitation of the convicts. Then, this study really aims to perceive if the programs of educational and occupational re-socialization affect directly the social reintegration of the convict and what the effective impact on law enforcement, as well as suggestions for effective public policies.

Levando-se em consideração que hoje no Brasi l não possuímos informações consistentes sobre a reincidência entre egressos penitenciários, que principalmente, sem qualquer fundamentação empírica, é identificada como alta no país, este estudo tem como objetivo central compreender como vêm funcionando os programas laborativos e educacionais no sistema penitenciário brasileiro; qual a percepção dos diversos agentes operadores da execução penal quanto aos programas de ressocialização; e qual o impacto efetivo da educação e do trabalho na ressocialização dos detentos. Pretende-se, com este estudo, perceber se realmente os programas de ressocialização de cunho educacional e laborativo interferem diretamente na reinserção social do apen ado, bem como qual o efetivo impacto na execução penal, além de sugestões de políticas públicas eficientes. / Taking into account that in Brazil we do not have reliable information about prison recidivism among those who left prison, which mainly without any empirical foundation, is identified as high in the country, this study aims at understanding how they come running the educational and industrial programs the Brazilian penitentiary system, the perception of the agents operators about the effective punishment implementation as well as the rehabilitation programs, and what the actual impact of education and work in the rehabilitation of the convicts. Then, this study really aims to perceive if the programs of educational and occupational re-socialization affect directly the social reintegration of the convict and what the effective impact on law enforcement, as well as suggestions for effective public policies.