The purpose of this thesis was to investigate Saskatchewan farmers’ perception of lease hunting in Southern and Central Saskatchewan. Wildlife habitat on privately owned farmland has been shown to provide significant public benefits to society at large. One method that has been shown to provide a greater private benefit to the providers of wildlife habitat is lease hunting which creates incentives to farmers to provide some of the direct use value of wildlife habitat. Since lease hunting with the current legal structure is not an option in the province of Saskatchewan, this study investigated farmers’ attitude to a hypothetical lease hunting option. A total of 84 in person surveys were administered to Saskatchewan farmers and 10 telephone interviews to outfitters operating in the province. The survey results indicated that Saskatchewan farmers are evenly split between supporting and failing to support the introduction of lease hunting. Econometric analysis using a probit model showed that farmers who are renting additional land to agricultural production, who allowed hunting on their land in the past are more likely to support introducing lease hunting. Farmers who have been asked permission to hunt on their land by recreational hunters were less likely to support lease hunting, confirming the lease hunting literature that states that the most important characteristics of lease hunting is the control over who accesses their land. Since farmers who have already been asked for permission to access their land already possess the control over their land they were less likely to support the introduction of lease hunting. Demographic variables such as age and education do not have an effect on attitude to lease hunting. The price of a day hunting lease was estimated among those farmers who were in support of introducing lease hunting. It seems farmers are willing to accept $90 per day for a day of recreational hunting access to their lands. A tobit model showed that farmers who rent more land for agricultural production would charge more for a day of recreational hunting access. Also those farmers who have high perceived quantity of wildlife on their land would charge more up to a certain point where wildlife nuisance quality becomes more prominent.

The fish, invertebrate, and macrophyte communities of Dumpert's Lake, a borrow pit located in northwest Delaware County, Indiana were studied in 1979 and 1980. Data obtained from this study were used to evaluate the potential for quality fishing, to identify sport fish production problems, to assess largemouth bass food habits and habitat utilization, and to consider management options.Bluegill dominated the July and September, 1980 fish collections at 69 and 84 percent, respectively. The growth rates for age II and older bluegill indicated mortality rates above 55 percent. Stocklength (3 in., 76 mm) was.attained at annulus 2 and quality-length (6 in., 152 mm) was reached at age III+. The overall average annual growth increment was 48 mm (1.9 in.). Bluegill were in good condition by overall average K at capture (2.05) and at annulus formation (1.91). Corresponding mean Relative Weight (Wr) values were 106 and 107, respectively.Largemouth bass comprised 23 and 14 percent, respectively, of the July and September, 1980 fish collections. Bass attained stock-length (8 in., 200 mm) by age II+ and an additional 1.5-2.0 years (age III+ or older) was required to attain quality-length (12 in., 300 mm). Growth rates and length-frequency distribution verified mortality rates in excess of 60 percent for all age groups of stock-size bass. Average yearly growth was 70 mm (2.8 in.). Condition was poor by overall average K at capture (1.27) and at annulus formation (1.22). The overall mean Wr was 89 for the respective K values.A stock structure index, Proportional Stock Density (PSD), indicated an unbalanced largemouth bass and bluegill population. Bluegill PSD was 78 with largemouth bass PSD at 27.Radio telemetry observations for two largemouth bass monitored from late May to mid-July, 1980 indicated relative inactivity by observed displacement (98 and 366 m) with respective home ranges of 0.01 and 0.12 ha. Extensive use of shoreline cattails was noted at 79 and 84 percent of the respective locations. All observations were over lake depths of 0.5-0.9 m. Two bass tracked from late July to mid-September, 1980 were more active by displacement (1401 and 1429 m) with home ranges of 0.92 ha for both fish, and similar utilization of submergent pondweeds (46 and 50 percent, respectively). One bass was always observed over lake depths of 1.0 m or greater. The other bass was observed in shallow water (0.5-0.9 m) for 50 percent of the observations.Fish occurred more frequently (71 percent) in stomachs of largemouth bass ranging from 195-247 mm than in stomachs (11 percent) of bass 253-347 mm total length. Insects dominated the diet of the larger fish by percent in volume and weight (66 percent) compared to the smaller stock-size bass (21-22 percent). Odonata was the most frequent insect taxa in the diet of the smaller bass at 29 percent and Ephemeroptera was the dominant insect taxa (33 percent) in the diet of the larger fish.Epifaunal macroinvertebrates were more diverse by taxa compared to macroinvertebrates from three benthic habitats which were about equal in diversity by taxa. Zooplankton diversity by taxa was also similar among the benthic habitats. Macroinvertebrate density showed a trend of seasonal increase for the 1979 summer period, while distinct biomodal peaks for zooplankton abundance occurred in early July and late August, 1979 for vegetated and nonvegetated littoral zones.Najas flexilis, Potamogeton nodosus, and P. pusillus dominated the submergent macrophyte community in 1979. The overall mean seasonal dry weight biomass of macrophytes was 110 g/m2 (114 g/m3 ). Macrophyte control was recommended for improving the sport fishery.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

In this essay, I discuss one of the recurring dilemmas for a working recreational pedagogue, namely the hard task of cooperation with parents. As a recreational pedagogue, I am required to work by the curriculum Läroplan för grundskolan, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet 2011. This policy document talks about what my responsibilities are, including establishing collaboration with parents in terms of the children’s development and education. It happens, however, that the pedagogue and the parent's ethical positions differ. When norms collide, it is my responsibility as a recreational pedagogue to relate to the different norms in a professional manner. In this essay I argue that, one of the main characteristics of a competent pedagogue is the ability to meet various parents with their respective backgrounds, to be able to interpret the individuals and meet them in an encouraging way for the children's development. Personal identity today is multiple, as an individual, I have created myself a number of identities which apply at different times. At home, I'm a mother, at family dinners; I am a daughter, sister and granddaughter. At university, I am a student and at my workplace, I am recreational pedagogue. Thus, I am not only my profession but also a human with my own experiences, interpretations and feelings. From them I act. In this essay, I draw on my own experiences where my view of ethics and upbringing is different from a parent's sight. In essay writing, I reflect on my actions in the events with the help of various ethical theories and the intercultural approach. Through my writing, I have been given a chance to pause and reflect on my own behavior in situations where I meet parents of other opinions than my own. How can I act differently and more professionally in these meetings in the future?

In the last decade outdoor and recreational activities hence white-water rafting gained more attention in the sport market. According to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Turkey, every year around 600.000 local and foreigner people are purchasing and participating in the white-water rafting activity as outdoor and recreational consumers. However, there has been little research done on outdoor and recreational sports participants. In particular, the reason why consumers participate in outdoor and recreational activities has not been investigated in the local market although the number of participants is rapidly extending. Since motivation and decision making behavior is a significant determinant of sport. participation, it is essential for the sport marketers to understand and evaluate psychological needs and motivations of outdoor sport participants. The purpose of this study is to analyze motivational factors of individuals as consumers who become involved in a daily rafting trip as an outdoor and recreational sport. The current research has been modified and applied from the survey of motivations of the sport consumer which was developed by McDonald and Milne (1999). The original instrument includes 43 items which represent 13 motivation factors. The survey questionnaire attempts to define and portray the Turkish white-water rafting consumers by analyzing the thirteen constructs on 517 white-water rafting trip participants and adapt the Milne &amp / McDonald&rsquo / s (1999) Motivation of the Sport Consumer Scale to Turkish culture by examining Turkish outdoor and recreational sport consumers in the case of a daily white water rafting rafting trip. To determine the dimensional structure of the items chosen and to assess the adequacy of motivational factors of the rafting consumers, data were subjected to exploratory factor analysis. Maximum Likelihood factor method was used to extract possible factors, followed by an oblique rotation to identify stable factor loadings for each item. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated the existence of a nine dimensions, (Self actualization &amp / self esteem, aggression, physical fitness, social facilitation, achievement &amp / competition, stress release, affiliation &amp / aesthetics, risk taking, value development) in 43-item, scale that accounted for 56.654% of the common variance. According to the results of the second factor analysis generated to define the 4 sub factors , the first factor that labeled as &lsquo / Mental well being needs&rsquo / was defining the 26.131 % of the common variance. The second factor &lsquo / Sport based needs&rsquo / was defining the 6.569 % of the common variance. The third factor which was including only the &lsquo / physical fitness&rsquo / construct / defined the 6.523 % of the common variance and labeled as Fitness needs. Finally the fourth factor which was labeled as social well being needs defined the 5.116 % of the common variance and contained the social facilitation and affiliation constructs. .

This study takes a phenomenological approach to squirt kayaking. It looks to examine mystical states of consciousness, as defined by William James, and flow theory, as defined by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, and focuses on what these experiences mean for participants of the squirt kayaking community. The study poses three research questions. (1) Do squirt kayakers experience mystical states of consciousness through squirt kayaking, and what does this experience mean? (2) Do squirt kayakers experience flow states of consciousness through squirt kayaking, and how was this experienced? (3) What is the mystery zombie or the mystery trance state, and how is it experienced?By posting messages on online message boards dedicated to squirt kayakers twenty participants responded to the post and were then contacted by telephone for an interview based off of an original questionnaire created for this study. The results show that mysticism and flow does occur through the squirt kayaking medium. Four primary themes emerged from the data about the experience and are as follows: defies expression, serious leisure, different realm, and the trance.Results indicate that there is not a distinctive difference between mysticism and flow, although further research should be done to support this. Also this study would suggest that further research be conducted concerning the build-up of carbon dioxide in the brain and its effects on mystical experiences. Implications of this research to look to challenge the concept of mysticism and flow by broadening what recreation offers its participants. Keywords: charc, flow, mystery trance, mystery zombie, mysticism

Thesis--Gothenburg. / "Gymnastik och Idrotts-projektet, 15. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. [1-11] (2d group)).

Thesis (M.A.)--Denver Seminary, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-74).

The purpose with my project is to evaluate how Recreational Leaders use the outdoor environment, how much they use it and why. My method was to assemble the surveys which were answered nationally by Recreational Leaders. During my project I have investigated Recreational Leaders view on the outdoor environment by reviewing a survey. Those who answered the survey find that the desire to use the outdoor environment exists; they think that the benefits of moving the teaching process outside are plenty. The children receive fresh air, they get to practise manual ability and gross motor functions, stay healthy and are able to use their imagination and creativity. Economy, time, large children's groups and small premises are some of the reasons that prevent the Recreational Leaders to use the outdoor environment. They also think that the subject has a low priority when it comes to other pedagogues. The background fact which I have processed has presented both advantages and disadvantages with using the outdoor environment. / Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta reda på hur fritidspedagoger använder sig av utemiljön samt i vilken utsträckning och varför. Min metod var att sammanställa en enkät som ett antal fritidspedagoger runt om i landet besvarat. I mitt arbete har jag genom att bearbeta en enkät undersökt utemiljön och fritidspedagogers relation till denna. De pedagoger som besvarat enkäten anser att viljan till att använda utemiljön finns där, de anser att fördelarna med att flytta ut verksamheten till naturen är många. Barnen får frisk luft, tränar fin- och grovmotorik, håller sig friska och får utlopp för fantasi och kreativitet.  Ekonomi, tid, stora barngrupper och små lokaler är några av faktorerna som gör att fritidspedagogerna inte kan använda utemiljön i den utsträckning som de vill, men även visst motstånd från övriga pedagoger då de ansåg att ämnet hade låg prioritet. Den litteratur jag använt mig av talar främst om fördelarna med naturen men vissa författare har även tagit upp att det finns nackdelar med att använda utemiljön.

Over one million acres of land and water in Florida has been classified as impaired by mercury. Approximately 80% of national fish advisories are issued due to mercury contamination. There have been a number of consumption advisories in the Tampa Bay Region for locally eaten fish such as largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides), bowfin (Amia calva), and alligator gar (Lepisosteus osseus). The main purpose of this study was to determine if there is adequate dissemination of mercury related risk information by government agencies to recreational and subsistence fishermen in the Tampa Bay Region. This research revealed that government agencies utilized simplified models when addressing mercury consumption risks in Tampa Bay. Most of the popular fishing sites and public parks in the Tampa Bay Region have no advisory signs warning fishers of possible mercury contamination in fish. The majority of survey respondents (88.4%) consumed the fish they caught. There was statistically significant evidence suggesting online sources of public health information influenced viewing of fish advisories. This study determined factors: sex of licensee, above median levels of income and type of license also influenced viewing of fish advisories. Results indicated that women were less likely to view fish advisories than men. In addition, the viewing of fish advisory information by women of reproductive age was not significantly different to all other female age groups. Behavior among participants varied and was dependent on individual perception of mercury risks and nutritional benefits associated with consumption of fish.

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