<p>Land ownership, control and reform have been some of the most contentious issues in contemporary Zimbabwe. The land question has generated a lot of emotional debate and there is a general consensus that it represents a critical dimension to the crisis the country is going through. This thesis intended to offer some insights into the modus operandi and outcomes of land reform in the country.</p>

This thesis explores the issues of language and power in the Qing Empire’s (1644-1911) northeastern borderlands within the larger context of political reforms in late Qing China between 1890 and 1911. To the present, much research on the history of language in late Qing China continues to fall within the framework of national language. Drawing on Manchu and Chinese sources, this thesis argues that the Qing emperors devised a multilingual regime to recreate the imperial polyglot reality and to rule a purposefully diverse but unifying empire. From the seventeenth century, the Qing emperors maintained the special Manchu-Mongol relations by adopting Manchu and Mongolian as the two official languages, restricting the influence of Chinese, and promoting Tibetan in a religious context in the Jirim League. From the 1890s, the Jirim League witnessed a language contest between Manchu, Mongol, Chinese, Japanese and Russian powers which strove to legitimize and maintain their control over the Jirim Mongols. Under the influence of European and Japanese language ideologies, the Qing Empire fostered the learning of Chinese in order to recreate the Jirim Mongols as modern nationals in an integrated China under a constitutional monarchy. Meanwhile, the Qing Empire preserved Manchu and Mongolian, which demonstrated the Manchu characteristic of the constitutional monarchy in a wave of Chinese nationalism. However, the revised language regime undermined the Jirim Mongols’ power and challenged their special position in the traditional Manchu-Mongol relations, which caused disunity and disorder in the borderlands. This thesis challenges the notion of language reform as a linear progress towards Chinese national monolingualism. It demonstrates the political and ritual role of Manchu and Mongolian beyond their communicative and documentary functions, and unfolds the power of language pluralism in Chinese nationalist discourse from a non-Chinese and peripheral perspective. By investigating how ethnic, national, and imperialist powers interacted with one another, this thesis allows us to understand the integration of Manchuria into modern China, East Asia, and the world from a different perspective.

Orientador: Pedro Ramos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-07T13:51:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_PatriciaAndradedeOliveirae_M.pdf: 1697308 bytes, checksum: ded9888b76414f313a76af6e872fc4cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Partindo do reconhecimento da persistência da Questão Agrária na sociedade brasileira e, portanto, da necessidade da Reforma Agrária, o trabalho analisa o debate acerca do tema e as duas formas como os estudiosos tem proposto a sua realização, contraponto os argumentos favoráveis e contrários a ambas, sendo elas a tradicional (via desapropriação) e a de mercado (via concessão de crédito fundiário). Para tanto, o trabalho fundamenta-se em uma revisão crítica dos principais trabalhos e busca a resposta mais consistente, lançando mão de pesquisas referentes aos impactos sobre as alterações nas condições de vida das famílias decorrentes tanto dos projetos de assentamentos realizados pelo INCRA como dos financiados pelo Banco Mundial, através do Projeto Cédula da Terra / Abstract: Based on the persisting Question of Land in Brazil, and that of the necessity for Land Reform, this thesis analyses the discussion surrounding this issue, comparing the pros and cons of the two ways that researchers believe this should be carried out: the traditional (via dispossession) and the market (via concession and agrarian credit). To do this, the work is based on a critical review of the principle literature in the area and looks to find a consistent answer. It also examines the research on how the settlement projects, carried out by the INCRA and those financed by the World Bank, via the Cedula da Terra Project, impacted the lifestyles of the families / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente / Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att förklara hur mängden hållbarhetsinformation företag ger ut påverkas när hållbarhetsrapportering är obligatorisk. Metod: Denna studie har utgått från en kvantitativ metod med ett positivistiskt synsätt och en deduktiv ansats. Vi har samlat in data med hjälp av innehållsanalys och sekundäranalys som sedan har analyserats med hjälp av deskriptiv statistik, Pearsons korrelationskoefficient och multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Slutsats: I denna studie har vi kommit fram till att införande av obligatorisk hållbarhetsrapportering leder till att företag rapporterar större mängd hållbarhetsinformation, som vi förklarar med hjälp av tvingande isomorfism. Bidrag: I denna studie bekräftar vi tidigare studier som menar att hållbarhetsinformation påverkas av reformer. Vi bekräftar även att tvingande isomorfism kan vara en anledning till varför företag rapporterar större mängd efter en reform. Vårt praktiska bidrag är att reformer kan vara ett effektivt sätt att få företag att rapportera större mängd hållbarhetsinformation. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vårt förslag till vidare forskning är att observera specifikt hur sanktioner påverkar mängden hållbarhetsinformation. Vi anser även att det skulle vara av intresse att i framtiden undersöka om ökningen i mängd hållbarhetsinformation är permanent eller om det enbart är en tillfällighet. / Aim: The aim of this study is to explain how the quantity of sustainability information companies issue is affected when sustainability reporting is mandatory. Method: This study is based on a quantitative method with a positivistic view and applies a deductible research effort. The data in this study have been collected through a content analysis and secondary analysis. To analyze the data we have used descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion: In this study we have come to the conclusion that the introduction of mandatory sustainability reporting leads to companies reporting more sustainability information, which we explain by means of coercive isomorphism. Contribution: In this study we confirm previous studies which conclude that sustainability disclosure is affected by sustainability reforms. We also confirm that coercive isomorphism may be a reason why companies report more after a reform. Our practical contribution is that reforms can be an effective way of getting companies to report more sustainability information. Suggestion for further research: Suggestion for further research is to study more specific how the sanction affect the quantity of sustainability information firms report. We would also suggest to research if the increase in sustainability information is temporary or permanent.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / This study was conducted in Limpopo province in Makhado municipality, Vhembe district. It concentrated on Levubu farms. There are seven Communal Property Associations (CPAs) which occupy about 258.7889 hectares of land; there are Ravele, Masakona, Tshakhuma, Shigalo, Tshivhazwaulu, Tshitwani, Ratombo but this study will concentrate only on Shigalo CPA. Two hundred and seventy respondents in Shigalo land restitution project in Makhado municipality were interviewed on sustainability of the restitution projects. It is argued that for a sustainability of restitution project, a number of requirements must be met. These include a clear and coherent vision, full participation and ownership by the beneficiaries of the project; political support at the highest level; appropriate mechanisms for implementation; sufficient funding; mutually- supportive linkages with other relevant areas of policy, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the intended beneficiaries as well as taking care of the environment for the future generation. The case study was conducted to investigate the sustainability of restitution project in Shigalo restitution community. The results obtained in this study show that Shigalo beneficiaries have ownership and full participation in the land restitution farms. It also pointed out that Shigalo beneficiaries were capacitated to increase the level of farm production and farm management skills, and they were assisted by strategic partnership. With reference to environmental conditions, the results show that the sustainability of agricultural project is also controlled by good agricultural practices that are environmental friendly. There were environmental constrains that affected farming in Shigalo projects such as drought, veld fire and frost. Shigalo restitution farms get advice on environmental problems from the Department of Agriculture. Industrial, financial and technical support will play a vital role in sustaining restitution projects.

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2011

Thesis (M. Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2013

Die EU ist überdehnt. Drei verschiedene, koexistierende Europavisionen erklären den derzeitigen Strategiemangel: Das pragmatische Europa ist nicht transparent, das grenzenlose Europa fördert Ängste unkontrollierbarer Veränderungen, und das Identitäs- Europa befindet sich in einer Sinnkrise. Antwort bieten mehrere Strategien: Ein Transfer einzelner Elemente der europäischen Verfassung in einen Europavertrag; Orientierung an einem differenzierten Europa und Bildung von Koalitionen, um Europa zu führen. / The EU is clearly overstreched. Three different conceptions of Europe explain the lack of strategy: The „pragmatic Europe” is not transparent, the „limitless Europe” causes fears of substantial changes, and the „identity-building Europe” suffers from a crisis of orientation. The following strategies could be applied: a transfer of some elements of the Constitutional Treaty into a condensed treaty; an orientation towards a more differentiated Europe, and the formation of coalitions in order to lead Europe.

This bachelor thesis is the result of a minor field study which took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to contribute to the understanding and improvement of Security Sector Reform (SSR), which could be explained as a process of reformation applied in post-conflict scenarios aimed at the military, police and/or judicial sector which might be an element of insecurity, particularly the police, and very particularly in post conflict scenarios where conflict resolution resulted in a divided police force, by using the BiH as a case study. We have used the theoretical framework/process of SSR and more specifically the part of SSR which touches upon police reform. However, SSR entails reformation of the security sector including military-, police- and judicial sectors, as mentioned our focus will be the police sector. This serving as a foundation for the thesis, we asked the following questions; Taking the point of departure in the Dayton Accords and its complex power sharing structure, which are the underlying factors/reasons why the Security Sector Reformation of the police force has been so problematic and why is there such inability to reach an agreement on this issue, especially in terms of structure? In terms of methodology, this is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews in combination with previous research. Concluding remarks, progress has been made, however, the reformation of the police is to a large extent dependent on the political will not to do so, not much indicate a change related to this. The status of the BiH police force continues to be de-centralized in terms of structure due to the Dayton Accords which has still serves a fertile ground for the continuation of inefficiency, especially in terms of cooperation, information exchange, administrative issues, war-criminals within the police etc related to the different police forces.

The debates over the structure of the Turkish government in the context of Public Administration Reform that point to restructuration of state and/or to re-organization of social relations between state, market and &amp / #8216 / civil society&amp / #8217 / have gained momentum especially since the arrival of draft law about Main Principles of Public Administration and Restructuring of Public Administration to the Turkish Parliament. This thesis attempts to analyze the debate on recent public administration reform in Turkey in the contexts of the socio-economic transformations of new capitalism/neo-liberalism within the notion of decentralization and of how/in what ways the neoliberal policies have been legitimated within the specific historical context of Turkish public administration reform. The purpose of the study is to understand the connection between the legal text of public sector reform and the social context in which these legal regulations find their meanings. For this aim, the debate on public administration reform in the Turkish Parliament was argued as a discursive battlefield where the demands and interests of the conflicting social groups &amp / #8216 / clash&amp / #8217 / with each other. Therefore, this study concentrates its attention on the critical analysis of the discursive acts of the Justice and Development Party government, and of the Republican People&amp / #8217 / s Party on reform for understanding how both authority/legitimacy and resistance/de-legitimacy are (re)produced within the parliamentary debates/discourse.