BACKGROUND: Millions of people have fled from their countries, due to war or conflict, in order to find a safer environment for themselves and their children. One common destination is Europe, which people can reach only through the sea from the Turkish coast to the Greek coast after walking hundreds of kilometers through the mountains. This long journey has a significant impact on refugee children’s health and that is primarily observed in the Greek islands were they can seek for emergency health care. The aim of this study is to investigate the reasons that the refugee children seek for emergency help in the hospital of Lesbos, Greece.   METHODS: Primary data collection from the medical records of the Pediatric department of the hospital of Lesbos. Statistical analysis of the data with R commander 3.2.1.The results will be presented in diagrams and tables, showing the most common symptoms/clinical findings, diagnoses, origin, gender, hospitalization or not of the refugee children and the relation of the symptoms and diagnoses in accordance with the seasonality, age, gender and origin calculated with Chi² and Chi² Fischer test.   RESULTS: Respiratory tract infections and gastro-intestinal tract infections are the first two most common diagnoses by far. Almost half of the refugee children that were submitted in the Hospital of Lesbos needed hospitalization and further treatment. More than half of the refugee children that sought after emergency help in the hospital of Lesbos were Syrians and boys. Mental health was also a big issue.   CONCLUSION: The journey that the refugee children are undertaking in order to reach the Greek islands and the prolonged living in refugee camps and detention centers is affecting their mental and physical health, with respiratory tract infections and gastro-intestinal tract infections being the major diagnoses.

Abstract Background:Sweden has in the past year received several thousand unaccompanied minors. The workload for district nurses in primary care has increased drastically . Many of these children have complex needs for healthcare , which places high demands on the district nurse. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe district nurses experiences of caring for unaccompanied refugee children in primary healthcare. Method: The design of the study is qualitative. The data was collected through a convenience and snowball sample and then conducted eight semi-structured interviews . The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis in which the latent content is the core.Results: Three categories were identified ; " The experiences of caring for an unaccompanied refugee children ", " Obstacles in everyday work " and "A desire for change ." The most prominent results was that the district nurses wanted to give a good and equal health care despite many obstacles, and that they had desires of several organizational changes .Conclusion: It takes a lot of a district nurse to care for unaccompanied refugee children. They have both physical and mental injuries, and many of them suffer from severe mental illness as a result of traumatic experiences they had to undergo. By making small changes of the organization the district nurse's work environment would improve and the patients would also get a more secure and equitable care . / Abstrakt Bakgrund: Sverige har det senaste året tagit emot flera tusen ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Arbetsbelastningen för distriktssköterskor inom primärvården har därför ökat drastiskt. Många av dessa barn har komplexa vårdbehov vilket ställer höga krav på distriktssköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda ensamkommande flyktingbarn inom primärvården. Metod: Studiens design är kvalitativ. Datan samlades in genom ett bekvämlighets- samt snöbollsurval och därefter genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer. Datamaterialet analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där det latenta innehållet är kärnan. Resultat: Tre kategorier identifierades; ”Erfarenheter av att vårda ett ensamkommande flyktingbarn”, ”Hinder i det dagliga arbetet” samt ”En önskan om förändring”. Det som genomsyrande resultatet var att distriktssköterskorna ville ge en god och jämlik vård trots många hinder samt att de hade önskningar om flera organisatoriska förändringar. Slutsats: Det krävs mycket av en distriktssköterska som ska vårda ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Barnen har både fysiska och psykiska skador och många av dem lider av svår psykisk ohälsa tilll följd av de traumatiska händelser de tvingats genomgå. Genom små medel kan förändringar av organisationen göras vilket förbättrar distriktssköterskans arbetsmiljö, men patienten får också en mer säker och jämlik vård.

This thesis examined the extent to which South Africa has domesticated the international provisions protecting foreign migrant children. The thesis further investigated procedural gaps and makes recommendations in respect of law and procedure to ensure the adequate protection of the rights of undocumented foreign migrant children in South Africa.

Previous studies have shown that activity loss in unaccompanied refugee children is common. During the asylum process, inactivity, uncertainty and anxiety disorders, which may occur after trauma, can result in passivity. Unaccompanied refugee children are, according to the UN, children and young people under 18 years of age who have fled from their home country without an accompanying parent or guardian. The purpose of this study was to describe different activities and their significance for unaccompanied refugee children. The method used was a literature review. Data collection was done through literature searches in different databases PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Google Scholar and a manual search through reference lists. The search resulted in 18 relevant scientific articles, and was limited to articles that were no more than 11 years old and written in English or Swedish. The result from the analysis gave three main categories which are: 'Structure in everyday life gives a good feeling', 'Activities for pleasure can increase participation', 'School as support for finding new roles'. The result showed the importance of activities for unaccompanied refugee children, as they were perceived to have a positive impact on health and to give more energy and recovery. It also emerged that activities contributed to participation, balance and better health. The results showed the importance of activity for unaccompanied refugee children. Conclusions to be drawn from this study is to make the needed support visible for the refugee children in terms of activity training and that the creation of meaningful activities and that these may prevent or reduce loss of activity. Further research on activity needs  for unaccompanied refugee children is needed, to highlight and develop what occupational therapists  can contribute with in form of using the activity as a goal and means to facilitate the unaccompanied refugee children in their situation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the actual problems and available resourses a Swedish municipality are faced in the process of receiving refugee children. The method was a cross-sectional study with a content analysis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four informants who worked with refugee children. The results showed that school activities play a central role in the work with refugee children. The school collaborated with health care for asylum seekers as well as with the sports projects included in this study. Within the school was one of the challenges of finding qualified staff and in health care, was it the burden of the large number of children coming which was difficult to handle. Thanks to the accumulated experience, this Swedish municipality was able to formulate a good criteria for supporting these children. One of the problems that they had not managed to solve the recruitment of competent staff for language and study in school. The municipality had drawn attention to the problems and therefore had a good chance to improve on this. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka de utmaningar som en mellansvensk svensk kommun möter i processen med att ta emot flyktingbarn samt hur resurserna används. Den metod som användes var en tvärsnittsstudie med innehållsanalys. Semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med fyra personer som arbetade med flyktingbarn. Resultaten visade att skolverksamhet spelar en central roll i arbetet med flyktingbarn. Skolan samarbetade med hälso- och sjukvård för asylsökande samt med idrottsprojekt som ingår i denna studie. Inom skolan var en av utmaningarna att hitta kvalificerad personal och inom sjukvården var det belastningen av det stora antalet barn som kommer som var svår att hantera. Den undersökta kommunen har under en lång tid tagit emot flyktingbarn och de har arbetat fram en fungerande organisation med bra samarbeten och en tydlig policy. Ett av problemen som de ännu inte lyckats lösa är rekrytering av kompetent personal för modersmål och studiehandledning inom skolan. Kommunen har uppmärksammat problemen och har därför en god möjlighet att förbättra detta.

The aim of this study was to explore some social workers’ and psychologists’ perspectives ontheir collaboration concerning unaccompanied refugee children. More specifically; in which situations do the social workers and psychologists collaborate with each other in their work with unaccompanied refugee children and what challenges and possibilities do they describe in their collaborative work? This qualitative study was carried out in one municipality in Sweden with a high quantity of unaccompanied refugee children. Three social workers and two psychologists were interviewed. The interviewees described existing collaboration between the two professions when working with unaccompanied refugee children as regarding the young person ́s health. Most often the collaboration was described as taking place in so called sip-meetings that is an obligatory meeting between the two professions regarding the young person's health. However, also challenges regarding their collaboration as lack of resources and communication between these two professions emerged and are discussed.

No description available.

<p>Titel:               FLYKT FRÅN EN VERKLIGHET TILL EN ANNAN. EN JÄMFÖRELSE AV RUTINER MELLAN FYRA BOENDEN FÖR ENSAMKOMMANDE FLYKTINGBARN</p><p>  </p><p>Författare:      Brask, Sandra</p><p>Ragnarsson, Sofie</p><p>Handledare:    Drugge, Gunnel</p><p> </p><p>Örebro universitet</p><p>Akademin för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete</p><p>Socionomprogrammet</p><p>Socialt arbete 21-40 poäng</p><p>C-uppsats, 15 poäng</p><p>Ht 2009</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Sammanfattning </strong></p><p>Under 2008 kom 1510 flyktingbarn och ungdomar till Sverige utan vårdnadshavare. Många kom från Irak och Afghanistan. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga och jämföra rutiner i verksamheten vid fyra ungdomsboenden för ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Frågeställning-arna handlar om vilka rutiner som finns kring introduktion, vardag, hälsa, fritidsaktiviteter, skola, socialt nätverk och identitetsutveckling. Utgångspunkt för analysen är Förenta Nation-ernas Konvention om Barnets Rättigheter, Randall Collins teori om interaktionsritualer samt tidigare forskning inom ämnet. Litteraturinhämtningen har skett främst utifrån artikeldata-baser. Resultaten har framtagits genom kvalitativ metod och semistruktureade intervjuer. Intervjumaterialet har behandlats utifrån ett fenomenologiskt betraktelsesätt. Följande har framkommit: I boendenas <em>introduktion</em> är vuxenstöd och tydlig information viktiga bestånds-delar. <em>Vardagsrutinerna </em>består av regler kring bl.a. basala mänskliga behov, hushållsgöromål och kommunikation. Gällande <em>hälsa</em> finns rutiner för hanteringen av fysiska besvär. Det psy-kiska måendet nämns dock huvudsakligen. Det finns rutiner kring individuella och gemen-samma <em>fritidsaktiviteter</em>. Beträffande <em>skolan</em> beskrivs rutiner kring skolstart, läxläsning och skolvägran. Kring ungdomarnas <em>sociala</em> <em>nätverk</em> finns rutiner för kontakt med släkt, vänner och gode män samt utökning av kontaktnätet. För <em>vägledning inför bildandet av en vuxen identitet</em> finns rutiner bl.a. för att motverka droganvändning och våld.  </p><p> </p><p>Nyckelord: ensamkommande flyktingbarn, ungdomsboenden, rutiner</p> / <p>Title:               FLIGHT FROM ONE REALITY TO ANOTHER. A COMPARISON OF</p><p>ROUTINES BETWEEN  FOUR YOUTH HOSTELS FOR UNACCOMPANIED ASYLUMSEEKING CHILDREN.  </p><p> </p><p>Authors:         Brask, Sandra</p><p>                      Ragnarsson, Sofie</p><p>Supervisor:     Drugge, Gunnel</p><p> </p><p>Örebro university</p><p>School of law, psychology and social work</p><p>Social Work Program</p><p>Social work 21-40 points</p><p>C-essay, 15 points</p><p>Autumn term 2009</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>In 2008 1510 refugee children and adolescents arrived in Sweden without their guardians. Many of them came from Iraq and Afghanistan. The purpose of this essay is to make a survey and compare the routines of four youth hostels for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. The main issues concern routines in the fields of introduction, everyday life, health, leisure activities, school, social network and development of their identity. The basis of the analysis is The Convention on the rights of the child of The United Nations, Randall Collins theory of interaction rituals and research on the subject. The literature has in most part been collected from databases. The qualitative method and semi-structured interviews are used in the collection of the data. The interview material has been analysed using a phenomenological approach. The main findings are: In the <em>introduction</em> adult support and basic information are important components. The <em>daily routines</em> consist of guidelines about, e.g. basic human needs, household chores and communication. Concerning <em>health</em> there are routines in the field of physical ailments. The mental wellbeing is though more often mentioned. There are routines about individual and group <em>activities</em>. Regarding <em>school</em> routines about starting school, home-work and school refusal are described. In the matter of their <em>social</em> <em>network</em> there are routines for the contact with relatives, friends and legal guardians and extension of the network. To <em>guide</em> them on their <em>way to an adult identity</em> there are routines for e.g. the prevention of drugs and violence.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords: unaccompanied refugee children, adolescents, youth hostels, routines.</p>

<p>Detta arbete bygger på en studieresa, under en månads tid, till Indien, Dharamsala. Dharamsa-la är känd för att inhysa den tibetanska statens exilregering och inte minst den tibetanska bud-dismens andlige ledare Dalai Lama. Därav är Dharamsala en viktig tillflyktsort för de tibe-tanska flyktingar som undkommit den Kinesiska regeringens förtryck i Tibet.</p><p>Syftet med denna studie blir därför, att få mer insikt och kunskap om hur man idag i Dha-ramsala bemöter tibetanska flyktingbarn från Tibet.</p><p>Jag fick äran, att möta 8 av de människor som dagligen möter och arbetar med tibetanska flyktingbarn på ett eller annat sätt.</p><p>I undersökningen har jag dels använt mig av kvalitativa intervjuer och dels av observatio-ner. Genom dessa metoder framgår det, att tibetanska flyktingbarn blir bemötta på ett kärleks-fullt och respektfullt sätt. Detta för, att de skall få ett värdigt liv i frihet samt en gedigen ut-bildning.</p><p>Tibetanernas omtanke och kärlek till sin nästa generation motiverar barnen, i Dharamsala, att vilja studera, för att senare i livet ska kunna hjälpa andra tibetaner i nöd, vilka fortfarande är under den Kinesiska regeringens våld i Tibet.</p> / <p>This paper is a result of a one month field study Dharamsala in India. Dharamsala is well-known for harbouring the exile Tibetan government and also their religious leader in Tibetan Buddhism, Dalai Lama. Because of this Dharamsala is an important sanctuary fore Tibetan refugees who are escaping from the Chinese government’s oppression in Tibet.</p><p>The purpose of this study is therefore to get a better insight and knowledge how people today in Dharamsala receive Tibetan refugee children from Tibet.</p><p>I got the privilege to meet 8 of the people who, in one way or another, daily meet and work with Tibetan refugee children.</p><p>In this study I have used the methods qualitative interview and observation. Through these methods it’s clear that, Tibetan refugee children are received with love and respect in Dhar-amsala. In this way the Tibetan refugee children got a worthy life in freedom and a proper education.</p><p>The love and compassion from the Tibetan people in Dharamsala, to their next generation, motivate these children to study hard so that they later in life can help other Tibetans who still live under the Chinese government’s oppression in Tibet.</p>

The Variable Child concerns the legal decision-making process in unaccompanied child refugee applications, and the role that conceptions of childhood play in the process. I examine when particular types of knowledge are drawn upon by legal actors, as well as the effects of the claim-making practices that create meaning, or truth effects, in legal decision-making. I identify how legal actors exercise discretion by investigating how facts are constructed with different ideas about childrens competence, abilities and knowledge. The Unaccompanied Child Refugee Evidentiary and Procedure Guidelines, which governs legal decisions, has embedded within it various, sometimes competing, conceptions of the child and childhood. These multiple notions create considerable discretionary space for refugee officers to make decisions about individual cases. My examination of legal decisions reveals a strategic use of vulnerable and/or responsible conceptions of childhood. Another strategy used to establish facts in these cases is to exclude the cultural differences of childhood both these practices are accomplished through employing several different knowledge moves. Refugee officers invoke vulnerable and/or responsible constructions of childhood to displace the impact of other/alternative constructions of childhood, namely Chinese ideas of parental relations. This avoids the potential for legal decisions to set standards for similar cases in the future. Childhood studies have documented how different axes of scholarly inquiry produce different understandings, typologies, and knowledges of the child and childhood. What remains understudied is how competing knowledges of the child and childhood are applied, negotiated, and formalized in legal decision-making. My study investigates how power relations constitute particular constructions of childhood, and the consequences these relations have for childrens lives. Unlike examining childhood as contextual, I document how variable understandings of the child and childhood are constituted, institutionalized, and normalized through the law. My study examines the complexities of legal decision-making, a process that is often black-boxed. I also trace which conceptions of childhood are drawn upon to substantiate legal claims, and how a social context for the child and childhood emerges. By examining the relations of law in the context of children, my work contributes to the growing area of childhood studies and socio-legal practices.