yes / Asylum-seeking and refugee (AS&R) women living in the UK often have complex health and social care needs, with poor underlying mental and physical health and an increased risk of negative pregnancy outcomes. Despite this, AS&R women are less likely to attend for timely maternity care and when they do, care may be poor, with staff not understanding their specific needs and displaying poor attitudes. This article discusses the Maternity Stream of the City of Sanctuary and how this charity aims to work with statutory and voluntary sector maternity-related services and groups to develop services that are inclusive for AS&R women and meet their specific needs. Volunteer AS&R women are central to the activities of the Maternity Stream and this article discusses how they engage with midwives and other maternity workers to facilitate the development of services that may ultimately improve pregnancy outcomes for AS&R women.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa Andrade.pdf: 2632631 bytes, checksum: 6d72e3ca9651de94ed7cbcde81345798 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis aims to present the integration into the labor market and living conditions of refugee women in São Paulo . To achieve this purpose it was necessary to thoroughly investigate the reality of refuge in the world and in Brazil , considering the homeland legislation , international conventions and treaties to which Brazil is subsidiary . Accordingly, we sought to first identify the different groups of people moving in search of refuge , were considered as refugees only those people that according to Law 9474 of July 22, 1997 in art . I were forced to flee their homes in conflict situations , for religious, ethnic , political , among others . Conflicts endanger the life, liberty and security of the population suffering threats and persecutions effective , triggering the refuge . This situation forces the flight of people from their countries in search of a better life in another that receives . But to survive in another country need to work and this triggered the research in question , in which we investigated the inclusion of these women in São Paulo labor market , considering the work category and the changing world of work in the context of the capitalist system , linked intrinsically conditions such inclusion as a determinant for survival and reflect on the living conditions of these women in their educational background , professional qualifications and consequently the mode of insertion in the labor market factor. Accordingly, we proceeded to literature , which supported the theoretical study on the topic . The theoretical appropriation in relation to history and legislation was essential to initiate the study. Through qualitative research , based on critical and analytical examination of reality investigated , we proceeded to the analysis of the object of study , as well as field research by providing information necessary to the description and interpretation of the studied phenomenon . Thus , we proceeded to the examination of this particular reality through the use of standardized techniques for data collection , such as questionnaires and in-depth interview. The contact with four organizations active on the issue of refuge provided the data and conditions for contact with the refugees . We selected a representative sample of 53 refugee women living in the city of São Paulo , which provided information relevant to the analysis developed in this work . In the research process sought to unveil the concept of work , changes in this universe , the world of work and its transformations over the historical process of capitalist society , inter - relating them to the reality of refugee women . In this process , we sought to uncover the life story of refugee women, their living conditions, as it has been given its survival . However , despite having centered his focus of interest regarding the integration into the labor market and living conditions of this social group , this study was not limited solely to describe such conditions , but investigate what the state agency responsible for acceptance and permanence of these people have done and can do to accomplish what is already structured in speech , true hospitality to refugees , in the present study to refugees . As a corollary to this line of argument , we have that without the active presence of the state as a structuring agent , the country will hardly able to guarantee social protection to this group , which , as already mentioned , has grown every day . Considering the aspects sometimes punctuated , it is expected that this work can serve as an additional source of research and interest to all those who have refuge in their area of expertise , especially for those who dedicate themselves to the study of issues related to the rights of refugees , given still seeking to apprehend about living as refugees in São Paulo megalopolis . It is estimated that this research guidance for other researchers in the social service area and that it , unlike become a production on the shelves of academia , creates new discussions and debates in the new area of concern in some and in others , awakening " new looks " toward a more critical social and political refuge and about the reality of refugee / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar a inserção no mercado de trabalho e as condições de vida das mulheres refugiadas no município de São Paulo. Para atingir tal intento fez-se necessário uma investigação minuciosa da realidade do refúgio no mundo e no Brasil, considerando a legislação pátria, as convenções e tratados internacionais dos quais o Brasil é subsidiário. Nesse sentido, buscou-se inicialmente identificar os diversos grupos de pessoas que se deslocam em busca de refúgio, consideraram-se como refugiadas somente aquelas pessoas que de acordo com a Lei 9.474 de 22 de julho 1997 em seu art. I são forçadas a abandonar seus lares em situações de conflitos, por questões religiosas, étnicas, políticas, dentre outras. Os conflitos colocam em risco a vida, a liberdade e a segurança da população que sofre ameaças e efetivas perseguições, desencadeando o refúgio. Essa situação obriga a fuga das pessoas de seus países em busca de uma vida melhor em outro que as receba. Mas, para sobreviverem em outro país precisam trabalhar e isso desencadeou a pesquisa em questão, na qual se investigou a inserção dessas mulheres no mercado de trabalho paulistano, considerando a categoria trabalho e as mudanças no mundo de trabalho, no contexto do sistema capitalista, vinculada intrinsecamente às condições dessa inserção como fator determinante para a sua sobrevivência e refletem nas condições de vida dessas mulheres, na sua formação educacional, qualificação profissional e consequentemente no modo de inserção no mercado de trabalho. Nesse sentido, procedeu-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, que subsidiou o aprofundamento teórico sobre o tema. A apropriação teórica em relação ao histórico e à legislação foi essencial para dar início ao estudo. Por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com base em exame críticoanalítico da realidade investigada, procedeu-se a análise do objeto de estudo, assim como a pesquisa de campo, fornecendo elementos necessários à descrição e interpretação do fenômeno estudado. Assim, procedeu-se ao exame dessa realidade particular mediante a utilização de técnicas padronizadas de coleta de dados, tais como o questionário e entrevista aprofundada. O contato com quatro organizações atuantes na questão do refúgio forneceu os dados e as condições para contato com as refugiadas. Selecionou-se uma amostra representativa de 53 mulheres refugiadas residentes na cidade de São Paulo, as quais forneceram as informações pertinentes às análises desenvolvidas neste trabalho. No processo de investigação buscaram-se desvelar o conceito de trabalho, as mudanças ocorridas nesse universo, o mundo do trabalho e suas transformações ao longo do processo histórico da sociedade capitalista, inter-relacionando-as com a realidade das mulheres refugiadas. Nesse processo buscou-se também desvelar a história de vida da mulher refugiada, suas condições de moradia, como tem se dado sua sobrevivência. Entretanto, a despeito de haver centrado seu foco de interesse no que concerne à inserção no mercado de trabalho e a condição de vida desse grupo social, não se limitou este estudo a descrever tão somente tais condições, mas investigar o que o Estado, órgão responsável pela acolhida e permanência dessas pessoas tem feito, e pode fazer para efetivar o que em discurso já está estruturado, a verdadeira acolhida aos refugiados, no estudo em questão às refugiadas. Como corolário dessa linha argumentativa, tem-se que sem a presença ativa do Estado como agente estruturador, dificilmente o país terá condições de garantir a proteção social a esse grupo, que, como já mencionado, tem crescido a cada dia. Considerando os aspectos ora pontuados, espera-se que este trabalho possa servir como fonte adicional de consulta e interesse para todos aqueles que têm no refúgio sua área de atuação, mormente para os que se dedicam ao estudo da problemática relacionada aos direitos dos refugiados, atendendo ainda aos que buscam apreender sobre como vivem as refugiadas na megalópole paulistana. Estima-se que esta pesquisa sirva de orientação para outros pesquisadores na área do serviço social e que a mesma, diferentemente de se tornar mais uma produção nas prateleiras da academia, suscite novas discussões e novos debates na área, inquietando alguns e, em outros, despertando novos olhares em direção a uma realidade mais crítica, social e política acerca do refúgio e das refugiadas

This thesis examines the meanings of naturopathy through the experiences of twelve women with refugee backgrounds involved in naturopathic treatment at the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture (Foundation House), a refugee torture and trauma rehabilitation service in Melbourne, Australia. The findings of this research show that the naturopathic encounter provided a transformative and meaningful meeting place for healing, a place in which the women felt at ease and in place.At Foundation House naturopathy has been practised alongside counselling since 1989, two years after the organisation’s inception. The women I interviewed for this project came from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and a wide range of countries including Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Burma and Serbia.The thesis brings together two contemporary fields of practice: Western models of refugee health care and traditional medicine. It argues for the place of non-biomedical approaches in refugee health care in a Western setting. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to theorise the naturopathic encounter. The distinction between holistic and reductionist perspectives on health, illness and the body is underpinned by the theoretical work of medical anthropologists Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock and that of medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky. A cultural studies perspective, influenced by the work of embodiment scholar Elspeth Probyn is employed to theorise these women’s experiences of the naturopathic encounter.This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews and draws on grounded theory as an approach to data analysis. Descriptions of respite, renewal, and healing in the naturopathic encounter are cited as the most observable themes emerging from the women’s stories. These themes represent a health-oriented, as opposed to a disease-focused, perspective. Importantly, a health-orientated approach is congruent with the core tenets of naturopathic philosophy. Listening to the body is a crucial therapeutic tool in the naturopathic encounter, where primacy is given to supporting and strengthening health-creating strategies. I argue that this orientation disrupts the existing dominant biomedical approach to refugee health care. I draw on the work of Probyn to theorise the movement from the naturopathic encounter (NE) to the naturopathic meeting place (NMP). Central to this transposition is Probyn’s articulation of the body’s awareness of being in and out of place. This awareness lends itself to an understanding of the connectedness between past and present in the bridge-making that these particular refugee women have engaged in across cultures in the NMP.The thesis addresses an important but often neglected focus in refugee research: the resilience and agency of refugees. This positive aspect of refugee recovery is revealed in the research by theorising the women’s stories through Probyn’s embodiment analysis and cognisance of the ‘everyday’ as a productive and creative process. The research interrupts the ubiquitous image of the ‘disempowered refugee victim’. It highlights the practical wisdom and agency of these particular women that is often overshadowed in the complex resettlement process. It makes a call for further health-orientated research to broaden and deepen our understanding of the refugee experience.

This thesis examines the meanings of naturopathy through the experiences of twelve women with refugee backgrounds involved in naturopathic treatment at the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture (Foundation House), a refugee torture and trauma rehabilitation service in Melbourne, Australia. The findings of this research show that the naturopathic encounter provided a transformative and meaningful meeting place for healing, a place in which the women felt at ease and in place.At Foundation House naturopathy has been practised alongside counselling since 1989, two years after the organisation’s inception. The women I interviewed for this project came from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and a wide range of countries including Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Burma and Serbia.The thesis brings together two contemporary fields of practice: Western models of refugee health care and traditional medicine. It argues for the place of non-biomedical approaches in refugee health care in a Western setting. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to theorise the naturopathic encounter. The distinction between holistic and reductionist perspectives on health, illness and the body is underpinned by the theoretical work of medical anthropologists Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock and that of medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky. A cultural studies perspective, influenced by the work of embodiment scholar Elspeth Probyn is employed to theorise these women’s experiences of the naturopathic encounter.This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews and draws on grounded theory as an approach to data analysis. Descriptions of respite, renewal, and healing in the naturopathic encounter are cited as the most observable themes emerging from the women’s stories. These themes represent a health-oriented, as opposed to a disease-focused, perspective. Importantly, a health-orientated approach is congruent with the core tenets of naturopathic philosophy. Listening to the body is a crucial therapeutic tool in the naturopathic encounter, where primacy is given to supporting and strengthening health-creating strategies. I argue that this orientation disrupts the existing dominant biomedical approach to refugee health care. I draw on the work of Probyn to theorise the movement from the naturopathic encounter (NE) to the naturopathic meeting place (NMP). Central to this transposition is Probyn’s articulation of the body’s awareness of being in and out of place. This awareness lends itself to an understanding of the connectedness between past and present in the bridge-making that these particular refugee women have engaged in across cultures in the NMP.The thesis addresses an important but often neglected focus in refugee research: the resilience and agency of refugees. This positive aspect of refugee recovery is revealed in the research by theorising the women’s stories through Probyn’s embodiment analysis and cognisance of the ‘everyday’ as a productive and creative process. The research interrupts the ubiquitous image of the ‘disempowered refugee victim’. It highlights the practical wisdom and agency of these particular women that is often overshadowed in the complex resettlement process. It makes a call for further health-orientated research to broaden and deepen our understanding of the refugee experience.

This thesis examines the meanings of naturopathy through the experiences of twelve women with refugee backgrounds involved in naturopathic treatment at the Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture (Foundation House), a refugee torture and trauma rehabilitation service in Melbourne, Australia. The findings of this research show that the naturopathic encounter provided a transformative and meaningful meeting place for healing, a place in which the women felt at ease and in place.At Foundation House naturopathy has been practised alongside counselling since 1989, two years after the organisation’s inception. The women I interviewed for this project came from diverse sociocultural backgrounds and a wide range of countries including Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Afghanistan, Somalia, Burma and Serbia.The thesis brings together two contemporary fields of practice: Western models of refugee health care and traditional medicine. It argues for the place of non-biomedical approaches in refugee health care in a Western setting. The thesis takes an interdisciplinary approach to theorise the naturopathic encounter. The distinction between holistic and reductionist perspectives on health, illness and the body is underpinned by the theoretical work of medical anthropologists Nancy Scheper-Hughes and Margaret Lock and that of medical sociologist Aaron Antonovsky. A cultural studies perspective, influenced by the work of embodiment scholar Elspeth Probyn is employed to theorise these women’s experiences of the naturopathic encounter.This qualitative study is based on in-depth interviews and draws on grounded theory as an approach to data analysis. Descriptions of respite, renewal, and healing in the naturopathic encounter are cited as the most observable themes emerging from the women’s stories. These themes represent a health-oriented, as opposed to a disease-focused, perspective. Importantly, a health-orientated approach is congruent with the core tenets of naturopathic philosophy. Listening to the body is a crucial therapeutic tool in the naturopathic encounter, where primacy is given to supporting and strengthening health-creating strategies. I argue that this orientation disrupts the existing dominant biomedical approach to refugee health care. I draw on the work of Probyn to theorise the movement from the naturopathic encounter (NE) to the naturopathic meeting place (NMP). Central to this transposition is Probyn’s articulation of the body’s awareness of being in and out of place. This awareness lends itself to an understanding of the connectedness between past and present in the bridge-making that these particular refugee women have engaged in across cultures in the NMP.The thesis addresses an important but often neglected focus in refugee research: the resilience and agency of refugees. This positive aspect of refugee recovery is revealed in the research by theorising the women’s stories through Probyn’s embodiment analysis and cognisance of the ‘everyday’ as a productive and creative process. The research interrupts the ubiquitous image of the ‘disempowered refugee victim’. It highlights the practical wisdom and agency of these particular women that is often overshadowed in the complex resettlement process. It makes a call for further health-orientated research to broaden and deepen our understanding of the refugee experience.

Cette thèse se donne comme objectif de rendre visibles les femmes espagnoles réfugiées en France de 1939 à 1942. Il s'agit de proposer une narration au féminin de l'exode sur le sol français de ces femmes restées dans l’ombre de leurs compagnons, pour les faire advenir sur la scène historique. Prises en charge par l'administration française, elles sont tributaires d'images sociales stéréotypées qui influencent les pratiques des autorités à leur égard. Assignées dans des catégories administratives qui évoluent selon les politiques menées à l'encontre des étrangers sur le sol français, les femmes espagnoles réfugiées se voient imposer des cadres de vie à respecter et des comportements à adopter. Sous tutelle administrative, aux prises avec des rapports de pouvoir qui se révèlent genrés, elles séjournent dans des centres d'hébergement, et pour certaines dans des camps d’internement. Le rapatriement en Espagne, l'émigration outre-Atlantique, le regroupement familial ou bien l'emploi conditionnent leur sortie de ces espaces coercitifs. Face aux multiples dispositifs d'assujettissements étatiques, les femmes espagnoles réfugiées se positionnent en résistance, et expérimentent des registres d'actions variés qui leur permettent de prendre conscience de leur « puissance d’agir ». Ce faisant, elles façonnent, en situation d'exil, des identités individuelles et collectives originales et résolument politiques. / The purpose of this PhD thesis is to give visibility to Spanish refugee women in France from 1939 to 1942 and bring them out of the shadow of their male companions. We thus set out to write a history of Spanish exodus on French territory through the eyes of women, so as to make them come into historical view. The objects of French administrative control, they were subjected to stereotyped social images which influenced the authorities’ practices towards them. They were assigned to administrative categories which evolved according to French alien policies, and had to follow rules of conduct and conform to behaviors which were imposed upon them. Most stayed in reception centres and some in internments centres. All were under administrative supervision and grappling with gendered power relations. Returning to Spain, emigrating across the Atlantic, reuniting with other family members or finding employment were the ways out of these coercive spaces. Spanish refugee women resisted the many subjection devices deployed by the French State and came to realize their agency by experimenting with various modes of action. In doing so, and while in exile, they shaped new individual and collective identities which were resolutely political. / El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es dar visibilidad a las mujeres españolas refugiadas en Francia entre 1939 y 1942. Se trata de proponer una narración en femenino del éxodo en el suelo francés de estas mujeres que se quedaron en la sombra de sus compañeros, para revelarlas en el escenario histórico. Gestionadas por la administración francesa, son tributarias de imágenes sociales estereotipadas que van influenciando las prácticas de las autoridades con respecto a ellas. Asignadas a categorías administrativas que evolucionan según las políticas desarrolladas en contra de los extranjeros en Francia, se les imponen a las mujeres españolas refugiadas modelos de vida que respectar, y comportamientos que adoptar. Bajo tutela administrativa, enfrentadas con unas relaciones de poder cuya dimensión de género aparece, permanecen en centros de alojamiento, y algunas en campos de internamiento. La repatriación a España, la emigración al otro lado del Atlántico, la reagrupación familiar o el empleo condicionan sus salidas de estos espacios coercitivos. Frente a múltiples dispositivos de sometimientos estáticos, las mujeres refugiadas expresan su resistencia, y usan registros de acción muy variados que les permiten tomar consciencia de su “capacidad de actuar”. Así, construyen, en situación de exilio, identidades individuales y colectivas originales y eminentemente políticas.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is common among refugee women, and some adulthood and childhood factors are more influencing IPV against this group of women. Generally, there is a gap in research about the different influencing factors of IPV against refugee women. There is little empirical evidence and research about influencing factors for IPV in this vulnerable population and few studies on this specific topic in Sweden. To fill in this gap, this study aims to investigate the adulthood and childhood determinants of intimate partner violence against Persian refugee women in Sweden who had intimate partners during the past year. The main theoretical framework of this study was the Socio-ecological model (SEM). I conducted a cross-sectional study using an online survey with five questionnaires and I did descriptive analysis for reaching results and final analysis for this project. I did linear regression to analyze how much two independent variables which are socio-cultural adaptation and childhood abuse victimization affect the main dependent variable. Findings show that; childhood abuse experience/victimization history as one of the main independent variables was significantly a higher predictor of the main dependent variable. According to the findings of this study, different layers of the socio-ecological model (SEM), such as individual, family, community, and society, influenced the main outcome of the study, which was emotional and economic violence against Persian refugee women in Sweden by their intimate partners. IPV can be identified, analyzed, and prevented using the SEM model and taking into account its various interconnected layers. Research on IPV and the factors that contribute to IPV victimization in women can advance knowledge in this field and aid in the development of future preventive interventions and programs to assist this vulnerable group.

This thesis investigates young refugee women’s experience of the process of seeking access to justice for cases of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Nakivale refugee settlement in Uganda. A Human Rights-based Approach (HRBA) is chosen as an analytical framework to help conceptualise access to justice and to recognise Uganda’s commitment to refugees. A qualitative explanatory approach follows the narrative of Burundian and Congolese women.    Findings show that Nakivale refugee settlement has an overwhelming demand for legal services and support. Refugee women can raise a claim for justice through the established administrative structures in place within the settlement. All refugee women were aware of their entitlements to a remedy and on the process of reporting SGBV. Yet, the analysis shows that none of the SGBV-survivors of rape or sexual exploitation was able to have access to justice. Several barriers were brought forward, such as corruption among refugee welfare committees; limited staff and resources among partner organisations; a bureaucratic referral system; poor police investigations and an inability to persecute perpetrators. The consequences without effective and timely remedies led the interviewed women into further poverty and a continuation of violence and abuse.   This thesis concludes that Refugee Welfare Committees have to be attributed to some sort of compensation as validation for their work as justice providers to mitigate corruption among their leaders. Further research is encouraged to look into possibilities of extending the mandate and training for Refugee Welfare Committees, for refugee-based structures to be able to handle cases of SGBV.

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Backround: Many patients from ethnic and minority groups have cultural needs and belief perceptions about health and care that differ from the mainstream population. To be able to cover the needs of the ongoing changing society in healthcare, does the nursing care professionals have awareness of the differences a patient’s cultural background is related to their health and how to help the patient in her new health related cultural environment. Aim: To explore the barriers and obstacles that refugee and asylum seeking women are faced with when looking for healthcare for mental ill-health in Sweden. Method: Qualitative in-depth interview study. Results: The result-analysis generated seven themas which were seen as a barrier or obstacle to seek healthcare to mental ill-health among refugee and asylum seeking women in Sweden. Knowledge about Swedish healthcare, Access to the healthcare and language, Somatic health problems, Education level, Economic situation, Prioritizing things in relation to health, and Taboos, shame, and fear of stigma around mental ill-health. Conclusions: This study shows that there are barriers and obstacles for refugee and asylum seeking women to seek healthcare for mental ill-health in Sweden. The study highlights the care professional’s knowledge cap about how to implement the law about care that cannot be delayed. / Bakgrund: Många patienter från etniska grupper och minoritetsgrupper har kulturella behov och trossystem om vård och omsorg som skiljer sig från den vanliga befolkningen. För att kunna täcka behoven i det ständigt föränderliga samhället inom vården, behöver vårdpersonalen medvetenhet om skillnaderna mellan en patients kulturella bakgrund och deras hälsa och hur man kan hjälpa patienten i sin nya hälsorelaterade kulturmiljö.  Syfte: Att utforska de barriärer och hinder som flykting- och asylsökande kvinnor ställs inför när de söker sjukvård för psykisk ohälsa i Sverige. Metod: Kvalitativ djupintervjustudie.  Resultat: Resultatanalysen genererade sju temas sågs som ett hinder för att söka sjukvård mot psykisk ohälsa bland flykting- och asylsökande kvinnor i Sverige. Kunskap om svensk sjukvård, Tillgång till sjukvården och språk, Somatiska hälsoproblem, Utbildningsnivå, Ekonomisk situation, Prioritering av saker i relation till hälsa samt Taboos, skam och rädsla av stigma kring psykisk ohälsa.  Slutsatser: Denna studie visar att det finns hinder för flykting- och asylsökande kvinnor att söka sjukvård för psykisk ohälsa i Sverige. Studien belyser vårdpersonalens kunskapslucka om hur man ska implementera lagen om vård som inte kan anstå.