A big part of software development is testing and quality assurance. At the department of service market, Scania R&D, the software Scania Diagnose and Programmer 3 (SDP3) is developed and tested. The quality assurance is conducted by internal and external testing. However, the external testing of SDP3 lacks guidelines for measuring the quality of a field test. The purpose of this project was to create and implement a framework for the field test process of SDP3. This framework is later used to determine the quality of a field test. To create the framework, literature study, interviews and workshops were conducted. The workshops laid the foundation of the framework, and the interviews were used to specify the parameters in the framework. For the implementation of the framework studies were done to analyse the available data, later the framework was implemented into the data base management system Splunk as a real time Dashboard. The results of this study describes a framework that can be used to determine the quality of a field test. Unfortunately the whole framework could not be implemented into Splunk since all data needed could not be accessed through Splunk, instead, recommendations were made.

zoo is an R package providing an S3 class with methods for indexed totally ordered observations, such as irregular time series. Its key design goals are independence of a particular index/time/date class and consistency with base R and the "ts" class for regular time series. This paper describes how these are achieved within zoo and provides several illustrations of the available methods for "zoo" objects which include plotting, merging and binding, several mathematical operations, extracting and replacing data and index, coercion and NA handling. A subclass "zooreg" embeds regular time series into the "zoo" framework and thus bridges the gap between regular and irregular time series classes in R. / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

The aim is to study the newly arrived pupils'participation in the preparatory class (FBK) and regular class and how teachers support the newly arrived pupilsin the classroom for three daysat each school. The study is based on a qualitative method with three observations at each school. Observations in two different schools, one in a preparation class and the other one in a regular class. Our study showed that the newly arrived pupils in the preparation class had more chance to participate, learn and develop with the help of the teachers. On the other hand,the newly arrived pupils had less participation in the regular class and did not get as much help from the teachers as the other newly arrived pupils got in the preparation class.

The aim of this master's thesis is to describe the current situation in financial advisory services in the Czech Republic. It contains an analysis of financial advisory companies on the Czech market. Another goal is to monitor the financial literacy of the Czech population. In the theoretical part it is referred to the difference of working with personal finance among the Western nations and the Czech population. The following describes the reasons why the families of the Western economies get richer faster than the Czech. There are carefully analyzed the financial counseling process and discussed the reasons why the service is beneficial. The practical part is made inquiries about the use of financial advisory services in the Czech Republic and related topics satisfaction. The survey is also aimed at providing current information on the work of people of different ages and social groups with personal finances. The conclusion summarizes all the results and the survey questionnaire.

About fifty out of approximately 250 irregular English verbs have regular alternatives in the past tense and/or the past participle. There are often marked preferences for using the irregular or the regular form of the verbs, influenced by several factors. The present corpus-based study investigates the distributions in contemporary British (BrE) and American English (AmE) of the two alternative past tense forms for the two verbs “light”, and “speed” as well as the two past participle variants for the verb “prove”. The factors which are considered in the study are (1) language variety, (2) past tense vs. past participle, and (3) transitive vs. intransitive use of the verbs. It is demonstrated that there are (verb specific) significant differences in frequencies across the factors. Some issues for the study are discussed, in particular unreliable tagging in the corpora used as well as potential sources for random or systematic errors. Some avenues for additional research are proposed.

Cette thèse de doctorat est composée de trois chapitres, un article et deux papiers et est principalement liée au domaine de l’économétrie financière empirique. Elle analyse la dépendance et le lien entre les marchés financiers et les marchés de matières premières, en particulier celui de l’énergie. Les distributions et corrélations des variables appartenant aux deux marchés sont étudiées afin de déterminer leurs effets les uns sur les autres et d’analyser leurs tendances pour donner un meilleur aperçu de leurs comportements vis-à-vis des crises et des événements brusques en économie. Ces variables sont représentées par certains indices financiers (SP500, Euro stoxx 50, Msci China) ainsi que par les principaux indices de matières premières (SP GSCI, Brent Oil,Gaz naturel, Metaux precieux). Nous choisissons de modéliser leur corrélation dans le temps et de prendre en compte la non-linéarité et l’instabilité qui peuvent les affecter. Pour cela, l’approche fonction copule a été employée pour modéliser d’une manière efficace leurs distributions. Dans le premier chapitre, nous examinons la dépendance et les co-mouvements entre les prix des émissions de dioxyde de carbone et les indices énergétiques comme le charbon, le gaz naturel, le Brent oil et l’indice énergétique global. Le deuxième chapitre analyse les interactions et relations entre le marché pétrolier et deux principaux marchés financiers en Europe et aux États-Unis représentés par l’Euro stoxx 50 et le SP500. Dans le dernier chapitre, on analyse la dépendance multivariée entre les indices de matière première de différents secteurs avec des indices financiers en utilisant le modèle de la copule Regular Vine. / This Ph.D. thesis is composed by three chapters and is mainly related to theempirical financial econometrics field. It analysis the dependence and correlationbetween the financial markets and the commodity markets specially energy.Variables from both markets are studied to determine their effects on each othersand to analyse their trends to giva a better insight to their co-movements.These variables are represented by some of the major equities (SP500, Eurostoxx 50, Msci China) as well as major commodities indices (SP GSCI commodity,Brent Oil, Natural Gas, Precious metals). We choose to model theircorrelation dynamically and take into account any non-linearity and stylisedfacts into the nature of their dependencies. For that, the copula approach wasused to model efficiently the correlated joint distributions of the studied variables.In the first paper, we examine the dependence and co-movements between theprices of the carbon dioxide emissions and energy commodities (coal, naturalgas, Brent oil and SP GSCI energy index). The dependence between thereturns was modeled by a particular class of dynamic copula, the StochasticAutoregressive Copula (SCAR). The second chapter analysis the interactions and co-movements between the oilmarket and two major stock markets in Europe and the US (the Euro stoxx 50and the SP500). Both the dynamic and the markov (regime switching) copulawere chosen to better understand the link between the two. In The last paper, I study the multivariate dependence between commoditiesfrom different sectors with some major equities using the Regular Vine copula model.

La modélisation et la simulation de dynamiques spatiales, en particulier pour l'étude de l'évolution de paysages ou de problématiques environnementales pose la question de l'intégration des différentes formes de représentation de l'espace au sein d'un même modèle. Ocelet est une approche de modélisation de dynamiques spatiales basée sur le concept original de graphe d'interaction. Le graphe porte à la fois la structure d'une relation entre entités d’un modèle et la sémantique décrivant son évolution. Les relations entre entités spatiales sont ici traduites en graphes d'interactions et ce sont ces graphes que l'on fait évoluer lors d'une simulation. Les concepts à la base d'Ocelet peuvent potentiellement manipuler les deux formes de représentation spatiale connues, celle aux contours définis (format vecteur) ou la discrétisation en grille régulière (format raster). Le format vecteur est déjà intégré dans la première version d'Ocelet. L'intégration du format raster et la combinaison des deux restaient à étudier et à réaliser. L'objectif de la thèse est d'abord étudier les problématiques liées à l'intégration des champs continus et leur représentation discrétisée en pavage régulier, à la fois dans le langage Ocelet et dans les concepts sur lesquels il repose. Il a fallu notamment prendre en compte les aspects dynamiques de cette intégration, et d'étudier les transitions entre données géographiques de différentes formes et graphe d'interactions à l'aide de concepts formalisés. Il s'est agi ensuite de réaliser l'implémentation de ces concepts dans la plateforme de modélisation Ocelet, en adaptant à la fois son compilateur et son moteur d'exécution. Enfin, ces nouveaux concepts et outils ont été mis à l'épreuve dans trois cas d'application très différents : deux modèles sur l’île de la Réunion, le premier simulant le ruissellement dans le bassin versant de la Ravine Saint Gilles s'écoulant vers la Côte Ouest de l'île, l’autre simulant la diffusion de plantes invasives dans les plaines des hauts à l'intérieur du Parc National de La Réunion. Le dernier cas décrit la spatialisation d'un modèle de culture et est appliqué ici pour simuler les rendements de cultures céréalières sur l’ensemble de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, dans le contexte d'un système d'alerte précoce de suivi des cultures à l'échelle régionale. / The modelling and simulation of spatial dynamics, particularly for studying landscape changes or environmental issues, raises the question of integrating different forms of spatial representation within the same model. Ocelet is an approach for modelling spatial dynamics based on the original concept of interaction graph. Such a graph holds both the structure of a relation between entities of a model and the semantics describing its evolution. The relationships between spatial entities are here translated into interaction graphs and these graphs are made to evolve during a simulation. The concepts on which Ocelet is based can potentially handle two known forms of spatial representation: shapes with contours (vector format) or regular grid cells (raster). The vector format is already integrated in the first version of Ocelet. The integration of raster and the combination of the two remained to be studied and carried out. The aim of the thesis is to first study the issues related to the integration of continuous fields and their representation by regular tiling, both in the Ocelet language and the concepts on which it is based. The dynamic aspects of this integration had to be taken into account and transitions between different forms of geographic data and interaction graphs had to be studied in the light of the concepts formalized. The concepts were then implemented in the Ocelet modelling platform, with the adaptation of both its compiler and runtime. Finally, these new concepts and tools were tested in three very different cases: two models on Reunion Island, the first simulating runoff in Ravine Saint Gilles watershed in the West Coast of the island, the other simulating the spread of invasive plants in the high plains inside the Reunion National Park. The last case describes the spatialisation of a crop model and is applied here to simulate the cereal crop yields in West Africa, in the context of an early warning system for regional crop monitoring.

Phase transitions and their associated critical phenomena are of fundamental importance and play a crucial role in the development of statistical physics for both classical and quantum systems. Phase transitions embody diverse aspects of physics and also have numerous applications outside physics, e.g., in chemistry, biology, and combinatorial optimization problems in computer science. Many problems can be reduced to a system consisting of a large number of interacting agents, which under some circumstances (e.g., changes of external parameters) exhibit collective behavior; this type of scenario also underlies phase transitions. The theoretical understanding of equilibrium phase transitions was put on a solid footing with the establishment of the renormalization group. In contrast, non-equilibrium phase transition are relatively less understood and currently a very active research topic. One important milestone here is the Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism, which provides a useful framework for describing a system with a transition point approached through a non-equilibrium quench process. I developed two efficient Monte Carlo techniques for studying phase transitions, one is for classical phase transition and the other is for quantum phase transitions, both are under the framework of KZ scaling. For classical phase transition, I develop a non-equilibrium quench (NEQ) simulation that can completely avoid the critical slowing down problem. For quantum phase transitions, I develop a new algorithm, named quasi-adiabatic quantum Monte Carlo (QAQMC) algorithm for studying quantum quenches. I demonstrate the utility of QAQMC quantum Ising model and obtain high-precision results at the transition point, in particular showing generalized dynamic scaling in the quantum system. To further extend the methods, I study more complex systems such as spin-glasses and random graphs. The techniques allow us to investigate the problems efficiently. From the classical perspective, using the NEQ approach I verify the universality class of the 3D Ising spin-glasses. I also investigate the random 3-regular graphs in terms of both classical and quantum phase transitions. I demonstrate that under this simulation scheme, one can extract information associated with the classical and quantum spin-glass transitions without any knowledge prior to the simulation.

Malhas simpliciais são utilizadas em várias áreas da Computação Gráfica e Engenharia, como por exemplo, em vizualização, simulação, prototipação, além de outras aplicações. Este tipo de malha é, geralmente, utilizada como aproximações discretas de espaços contínuos, onde eles oferecem representações flexíveis e eficientes. Muito esforço é gasto visando gerar malhas de boa qualidade, porém, em alguns casos as malhas acabam sendo modificadas. Entretanto, este tipo de operação é geralmente custosa e inflexível, o que pode resultar na geraão de malhas bem diferentes das originais. A habilidade de manipular cenas dinâmicas revela-se um dos problemas mais desafiadores da computação gráfica. Este trabalho propõe um método alternativo para atualizar malhas simpliciais que vai além de mudanças geométricas e topológicas. Tal método explora uma das propriedade das Tringulações de Delaunay com Pesos, que permite a usá-las para definir implicitamente as relações de conectividade de uma malha. Ao contrário de manter as informações de conectividade explicitamente, a atual abordagem simplesmente armazena uma coleção de pesos associados a cada vértice. Além disso, criamos um algoritmo para calcular uma Tringulação de Delaunay com Pesos a partir de uma dada triangulação. O algoritmo consiste em uma busca em largura que atribui pesos aos vértices, e uma estratégia de de subdivisão para assegurar que a triangulação reconstruída será correspondente à original. Este método apresenta diversas aplicações e, em particular, permite a criação de um sistema simples de realizar combinação entre triangulações, que será ilustrada com exemplos em 2D e 3D. / Simplicial meshes are used in many fields of Computer Graphics and Engineering, for instance, in visualization, simulation, prototyping, among other applications. This kind of mesh is often used as discrete approximations of continuous spaces, where they offer flexible and efficient representations. Considerable effort is spent in generating good quality meshes, but in some applications the meshes can be modified over time. However, this kind of operation is often very expensive and inflexible, sometimes leading to results very different from the original meshes. The ability to handle dynamic scenes reveals itself as one of the most challenging problems in computer graphics. This work proposes an alternative technique for updating simplicial meshes that undergo geometric and topological changes. It explores the property that a Weighted Delaunay Triangulation (WDT) can be used to implicitly define the connectivity of a mesh. Instead of explicitly maintaining connectivity information, this approach simply keeps a collection of weights associated to each vertex. It consists of an algorithm to compute a WDT from any given triangulation, which relies on a breadth-first traversal to assign weights to vertices, and a subdivision strategy to ensure that the reconstructed triangulation conforms with the original one. This technique has many applications and, in particular, it allows for a very simple method of merging triangulations, which is illustrated with both 2D and 3d examples.

Orientador: Ana Clara Bortoleto Nery / Banca: Arilda Inês Miranda Ribeiro / Banca: Graziela Zambão Abdian Maia / Resumo: Esse trabalho teve como objetivo reconstruir aspectos da atuação de professores da Escola Normal em Umuarama, entre 1967 a 1976. O ponto de partida é a analise das memórias de um professor que atuou na Escola Normal Maria Montessori naquele período, visando mais especificamente, resgatar elementos para compreender o trabalho docente nas escolas de formação de professores e contribuir com a história da Escola Normal Maria Montessori. Adotou-se como metodologia a pesquisa qualitativa, estruturada por meio da narrativa. A opção pela narrativa deu-se pela intenção de analisar o modo como o professor concebe a sua vida profissional e os aspectos intrapessoais na subjetivação de si, para sustentação dos conhecimentos, como elementos que podem constituir o ser professor. Os dados da narrativa apontam que, durante o funcionamento da Escola Normal Maria Montessori, os cursos estiveram inseridos no contexto da tendência liberal tecnicista, com forte influência das teorias positivistas e da psicologia americana behaviorista, que apareceu no bojo da proposta de educação do Magistério no Paraná, através da implantação da Lei 5692/71. No período estudado havia o discurso em defesa da ordem e disciplina que eram consideradas fundamentais e muito difundidas no contexto do curso normal. Neste contexto, o percurso de formação do docente foi perpassado por uma por uma tendência pedagógica marcadamente autoritária. O início da trajetória pessoal/profissional foi bastante difícil e perpassada por conflitos. Assim, é recorrente no discurso do docente a presença de momentos de insegurança no fazer docente e de perplexidade face ao novo. / Abstract: The present study deals with questions about the inclusion of students with deficiency in common classrooms of the regular education. It was considered as priority action, the formation of teachers aiming the didactics-curricular reorganization, with emphasis in the pedagogical relations as well as affective ones that are established in the classroom. It was salient the importance that the teacher has space to plan, to analyze and to reflect about his practice. Therefore it has academic improvement of students with deficiencies included in regular classrooms we need to form a new type of educator. It was perceived two parallels: in one hand the teachers of regular education do not have a minimum preparation to work with children who present evident deficiencies and, for the other hand, great part of the teachers of special education have not much to contribute with the pedagogical work developed in regular education, in the extent where they have supported and constructed their ability in the specific difficulties of the students that they take care of. Real vision, since the professionals of Special Education had graduated in the perspective of a medical model that aimed to compensate the deficiencies of the student, having the special classrooms their own dynamics and proper rationality, in majority structuralized without a consistent academic planning, and even when inserted in a regular school, the proposal were disentailed of the pedagogical politician project of the same one. Towards the school inclusion be real the teacher of the regular classroom must be sensitized and capable (psychological and intellectually) "to change his way to teach and to adapt what he will teach" so he will attend the necessities of all students, including some that has greater difficulties. / Mestre