This diploma thesis discusses utilization of dynamic Input-Output models as a basis for decision-making for policy makers. The first part is focused on theoretical derivation of the basic dynamic models. This part is followed by a practical application of the presented models, which proposes a method of deriving the matrix of capital and it facilitates the construction of data sources. The results show that the dynamic models are usable, but it is necessary to take into consideration their structural constraints and data limits. Data applied for 2009 show that the economic crisis has led to a 6% decline in GVA growth rates.

Analyses accompanying creation of law on the example of regulation of new phenomena, the so-called shared economy Abstrakt v anglickém jazyce This thesis deals with analyzes preceeding the parliamentary phase of the legislative process on the example of the modern phenomenon, the shared economy. In the case of regulation of a shared economy, the legislator faces a difficult task of regulating yet unregulated, and in such cases, there is a risk that in the event of an incorrect analysis, the regulation may be unfunctional and thus unnecessary. The author chose two analyzes for his thesis, namely analysis of regulatory impact assessment and related explanatory report. The topic becomes more important when we consider that today's era is called the age of legislation. In some ways, it also offers an alternative view of improving the quality of regulation (usually laws), because although the legislator is trying in every way to improve the quality of the Czech legal system, it focuses entirely on the legislative process in the chambers of the Parliament, or adopts new adjustments for the greater transparency of the legislative process. The thesis consists of an introduction, 6 chapters and a conclusion. The chapters are subdivided into subchapters. In the first and second chapter, the author defines the...

Samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser är ett område där människor har delade åsikter kring. Är det en effektiv eller ineffektiv metod att använda? Hur används den inom svensk politik och ställs det högre krav på dessa analyser inom miljöpolitik över andra politikområden? Vilket scenario gynnar miljö- och klimatarbetet? I undersökningen har fyra metoder använts, bland annat genomfördes en dokumentanalys där kommittédirektiv från regeringen granskades, det kartlades om det gick att se några systematiska skillnader mellan de olika departementen; Social, Miljö, Finans, Infrastruktur och Kultur. I kommittédirektiven noterades olika nyckelord som räknades för att sedan divideras med antalet undersökta direktiv. Resultatet presenteras i tabellform där slutsatsen blev att det inte går att se att det inom miljöpolitiken jämfört med andra områden skulle ställas vare sig högre eller lägre krav i kommittédirektiven på att utföra samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser. Vidare utfördes sex intervjuer med personer som anses vara av relevans för ämnet. Till exempel personer som arbetar med dessa saker i sitt yrke, politiker eller personer som varit aktiva i relevanta intresseorganisationer. En enkätstudie genomfördes där målet var att få svar från så många personer som möjligt inom departementen som har varit delaktiga med arbetet kring kommittédirektiv. Totalt svarade 10 personer från Socialdepartementet, Kulturdepartementet, Infrastrukturdepartementet, Miljödepartementet och Finansdepartementet. Syftet med enkätstudien var att ta reda på grundläggande ställningstaganden hos departementen. Resultaten från enkätstudien visar att det är stora delade uppfattningar om de flesta saker, enkätundersökningen är dessutom för liten för att dra några statistiskt säkerställda ställningstaganden kopplade till varje departement. En litteraturstudie har också genomförts i form av en kritisk litteraturstudie där vi har analyserat rapporter och andra litterära verk som kan hävdas ha relevans för vårt arbete. Litteraturen har valts ut bland annat genom samråd med projektets handledare men också genom egen undersökning. Från alla undersökningar har speciellt vissa budskap varit en genomgående faktor. Dels att det finns naturliga förklaringar till varför det kan skilja sig i kraven i kommittédirektiven mellan olika departement. Den generella uppfattningen var även att samhällsekonomiska konsekvensanalyser är ett bra verktyg som hjälper till att leda fram till bättre beslut. Problem som nämndes bland flera var att terminologin är för svag och otydlig i Sverige, samma begrepp kan betyda olika saker mellan olika aktörer, kompetensen anses även vara för låg inom kommittéerna. / Regulatory impact analysis is a subject that divides people. Is it an effective or ineffective method to utilise? How is it used in Swedish politics and are higher demands placed on such analysis in environmental policy compared to other policy areas? Which scenario benefits the environment and climate work? There are many unanswered questions and this report aims to answer some of them. The methods that were used are mainly four, a document analysis where committee directives were examined from the swedish government and where we tried to map whether we can see any systematic differences between the various ministries of social, environment, finance, infrastructure and culture. A survey study was made with the aim of finding out basic positions on the subject. The survey was sent to all the ministries previously mentioned. The third method is interviews, the interviewees can all be considered relevant to the subject in one way or another. For example, people who work with this as their profession, politicians or people who have been active in relevant interest groups. A literature study has also been made in the form of a critical literature review where we have analyzed reports and other literary works that can be argued to have relevance to the work. The literature has been selected, among other things, through consultation with our supervisor, but also through our own research. The conclusion is that there is a relatively homogeneous picture of how regulatory impact analysis should be viewed. The general opinion is that it is a good tool that helps to produce decision material. The general criticism is that the terminology is too weak and that there is generally a lack of competence among the committees.

All regulatory activity from the administration has an impact on the market and on people’s actions. For this reason, it is necessary to have tools to predict and evaluate these impacts, so that the most efficient state measures are chosen, avoiding undesirable results.In this article, the authors emphasize the need for an ex post regulatory impact assessment to maintain the effectiveness of the regulatory instruments chosen. This, especially for new regulatory measures, such as the incentive scheme recently implemented by the OEFA. / Toda actividad regulatoria por parte de la administración tiene un impacto en el mercado y en el actuar de los administrados. Es por esa razón que se hace necesario contar con herramientas que permitan prever y evaluar dichos impactos, permitiendo optar por las medidas estatales más eficientes, evitando resultados no deseados.En el presente artículo, las autoras hacen énfasis en la necesidad de la evaluación de impacto regulatorio ex post para mantener la efectividad de los instrumentos regulatorios elegidos. Ello, especialmente, frente a medidas regulatorias novedosas, como el régimen de incentivos recientemente implementado por el OEFA.

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Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-04-27T19:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina C. Coelho.pdf: 619431 bytes, checksum: 399cdc20dd245e1b67336c5680daaa97 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-04-27T19:07:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina C. Coelho.pdf: 619431 bytes, checksum: 399cdc20dd245e1b67336c5680daaa97 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-03T12:52:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carina C. Coelho.pdf: 619431 bytes, checksum: 399cdc20dd245e1b67336c5680daaa97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-11 / This study aimed to analyse the potencial and obstacles of the adoption of the Regulatory Impact Analysis and the oversight body in the Brazilian context. For this, we carried out a field research with representatives of institutions involved with AIR, such as regulatory agencies and Civil House, as well as experts with publications on the top. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted around questions compiled from the previously explored in the theoretical knowledge of the work. It was concluded that from an environment of concern for regulatory quality in Brazil, both the central administration and regulatory bodies investigated have undertaken efforts to achieve a more effective regulatory system. However, there is a long way to go and many hurdles to overcome. Concerning the RIA and the oversight body, the strength, technical expertise, institutional design are some of the obstacles that must be overcome to reach the Brazil actually an improvement of regulatory quality. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a potencialidade e obstáculos da adoção da Análise de Impacto Regulatório e do órgão supervisor no contexto brasileiro. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo com representantes de instituições envolvidas com a AIR, com as agências reguladoras e a Casa Civil da Presidência da República, além de especialistas com publicações relativas ao tema. Foram realizadas assim, doze entrevistas semi-estruturadas em torno de perguntas previamente elaboradas a partir dos conhecimentos explorados no referencial teórico do trabalho. Concluiu-se que a partir de um ambiente de preocupação com a qualidade regulatória no Brasil, tanto a esfera mais central da administração – a Casa Civil como os entes reguladores investigados, têm empreendido esforços em prol de um sistema regulatório mais eficaz. Entretanto, há um longo caminho a ser percorrido e diversos obstáculos a serem ultrapassados. Com relação à AIR e ao órgão de supervisão, a resistência, a especialização técnica, o desenho institucional são alguns desses percalços que deverão ser transpostos a fim de que o Brasil alcance de fato uma melhoria da qualidade regulatória

Expensive and excessive regulations may affect the number of firms by discouraging them to access and remain into the market. Despite of such a fact, worldwide there are few legal mechanisms within competition law able to control regulatory activity. This document describes briefly the Peruvian mechanism of regulatory oversight through the Indecopi´s Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission, which has reached in less than 3 years the voluntary elimination of more than 1000 regulatory and  administrative burdens affecting, inter alia, the market of the deployment of infrastructure on public utilities. This has been the result of a strategy that not relies on sanctioning administrative procedures but in a coordinative-oriented approach with the regulatees aiming to reach the effective accomplishment of the law. In turn, the development of such a strategy make possible to show a new style of enforcement in Peru, which has been studied and undertaken in other countries around the world, namely “Responsive Regulation”. / Una regulación costosa y excesiva puede afectar negativamente la cantidad de ofertantes en el mercado, al desincentivar su acceso y/o permanencia en él. No obstante ello, en el mundo existen pocos mecanismos de defensa de la competencia que controlen este tipo de actividad. El presente artículo describe brevemente el mecanismo de control regulatorio empleado en el Perú a través de la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas del Indecopi, la cual ha logrado en menos de 3 años la eliminación voluntaria de más de 1000 regulaciones y trabas administrativas que afectaban, entre otros, el mercado de infraestructura en servicios públicos, a través de una estrategia que prescinde del uso exclusivo de procedimientos sancionadores y privilegia la coordinación con los agentes regulados para lograr el cumplimiento efectivo de la ley. El desarrollo de esta estrategia, a su vez, permite demostrar la posibilidad de aplicar un nuevo estilo de «enforcement» en el Perú, que ha sido estudiado y adoptado en otros países del mundo, como es la «Regulación Responsiva».

Les consultations publiques comptent. Elles permettent aux citoyens, aux groupes d’intérêt et aux entreprises de signaler leurs préférences aux administrateurs canadiens. Elles servent également d’espace où les différentes parties prenantes de la règlementation peuvent partager leur savoir et leurs connaissances. Contrairement aux courants théoriques et empiriques dominants, elles ne sont pas qu’un instrument symbolique. Les consultations ne se limitent pas non plus à être une avenue supplémentaire permettant aux intérêts économiques d’exercer une influence indue sur l’articulation des politiques publiques. Cette thèse démontre que l’étendue des consultations publiques a une incidence sur l’importance des changements règlementaires et que la diversité des participants prenant part à celles-ci est positivement corrélée à la sévérité des règlements. Elle argumente également que les administrateurs consultent systématiquement les organismes et individus s’identifiant comme Autochtones lors de l’écriture de leurs règlements. Néanmoins, les résultats des analyses présentées dans cette thèse supportent le fait que les entreprises sont le type de parties prenantes qui participent le plus largement et le plus fréquemment aux consultations publiques. De plus, ces résultats démontrent que les consultations règlementaires restent généralement limitées et que les administrateurs peuvent difficilement incorporer les savoirs autochtones à leurs analyses d’impact. Globalement, cette thèse présente par quel mécanisme les administrateurs peuvent intégrer à leur travail des informations (politiques et/ou techniques) qui leur sont normalement inaccessibles. Elle décrit quel est l’effet d’inclure des informations diversifiées sur la nature des règlements et quel type d’information est recherché et utilisé par l’administration publique canadienne. / Public consultations matter. They allow citizens, interest groups and businesses to express their preferences to Canadian administrators. They also serve as a space where different regulatory stakeholders can share their knowledge and insights. Contrary to prevailing theoretical and empirical views, they are not mostly symbolic tools of inclusion. Nor are consultations limited to being an additional venue for economic interests to exert undue influence on public policy. This thesis demonstrates that the scope of public consultation affects the extent of regulatory change and that the diversity of participants in public consultation is positively correlated with the severity of regulation. It also argues that administrators systematically consult with Indigenous-identifying organizations and individuals when writing regulations. Nevertheless, the results of the analyses presented in this thesis support the fact that businesses are the type of stakeholders that participate most extensively and frequently in public consultations. Furthermore, these results show that regulatory consultations are generally limited and that administrators can hardly incorporate Indigenous Knowledge into their impact assessments. Overall, this thesis presents the mechanism by which administrators can incorporate information (political and/or technical) that is normally inaccessible to them into their work. It describes the effect of including diverse information on the nature of regulations and what type of information is sought and used by the Canadian public administration.

過去二十多年來，不論是OECD或非OECD的會員國，都致力於所謂的「管制改革」，以確保政府具有高品質的管制治理能力，然而反觀我國的情況，對於管制改革的觀念多半停留在解除管制階段，並且普遍缺乏解除管制後的專責管制機關。因此，本研究希望透過歐美經驗的比較分析，試圖釐清下列的問題： 一、管制改革真正意涵為何？與傳統的政府管制有何不同？ 二、管制治理的主要興起背景為何？當中有何特色？ 三、各國政府如何提升管制政策的治理能力？有無共同的制度設計？ 四、歐美等國所呈現的運作經驗，對於我國有何種啟示？以及學習之處？ 此外，本研究藉由檢閱相關文獻與比較分析，期望能達成以下的研究目的： 一、經由文獻分析，說明歐美各國為何要進行管制改革的原因、管制改革的實質意義，如何透過相關制度的設計，提升本身的治理能力與政策品質。 二、以歸納分析的方式說明管制治理意義，建構民主取向的良善管制治理所必須具備的要件。 三、藉由比較分析，參照英美與歐盟在此方面的運作經驗，針對我國再進行相關制度設計與實務運作，提出一些省思與建議。 總之，本研究主要是探討在管制改革風潮下，所呈現的政府治理型態轉變，以及詳述英、美與歐盟等國的運作經驗，以比較方式分析出當中的異同，並且對照我國的發展情況，提出相關的建議，並且大致上可以分為三個部分：首先、說明管制治理模式的興起背景，發現1980年代末期因財政困境所導致的政府失靈，以及人民對於政府的不信任，兩者是管制治理模式轉變的重要背景因素；其次、歐美的管制治理運作經驗分析，並且分別從發展歷程、課責機制、諮詢制度，以及影響分析等四個角度，詳述其主要內涵與可能遭遇的問題；最後、透過比較分析與經驗對照，分別說明對我國產生何種啟示，以及未來在制度設計與發展上有那些值得學習與參考之處。 經由文獻的分析、歐美等國的經驗說明，以及闡述我國的現況與問題，本章先針對前述治理模式背景與歐美運作經驗等部分，歸納整理相關的研究發現；其次，參照歐美等國的發現，就我國目前所進行的革新作法，提出一些思考方向與建議；最後，針對本研究的不足之處進行檢討，指出後續可行的研究方式與重點。

[pt] A inserção de sistemas de armazenamento de energia é uma tendência global observada no cenário de diversificação energética de vários países no mundo. Considerando a predominância da geração hídrica centralizada na matriz elétrica brasileira, as Usinas Hidrelétricas Reversíveis possuem uma tendência à utilização dentro do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN). Entretanto, tal processo de inserção deve considerar as possíveis alterações no marco regulatório advindas de novas políticas regulatórias para o setor elétrico brasileiro. A seleção destas políticas deve considerar diversos critérios e várias dimensões. Além disso, a política escolhida deve considerar uma Análise de Impacto Regulatório para sua efetividade. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é propor um modelo de seleção e avaliação dessas políticas, utilizando um processo de análise de impacto regulatório (AIR), com o auxílio de métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão (MCDM). O modelo definido foi proposto em seis etapas: definição do problema regulatório; determinação do framework regulatório; mapeamento das alternativas de ação; análise benefício-custo conduzida com o método AHP; seleção da política preferida com o método fuzzy-TOPSIS e monitoramento e avaliação desta política. A modelagem foi aplicada para as seguintes cinco políticas definidas: criação de um mercado de capacidade; criação de um mercado de flexibilidade; implementação de um leilão multiatributos; implementação de um leilão de capacidade; e adoção de uma política de incentivos. Os resultados foram comparados com algumas referências, confirmando a aplicabilidade da metodologia e indicando que o desenvolvimento do modelo proposto preencheu lacunas na literatura referente às aplicações de abordagem multicritério para políticas energéticas. / [en] The insertion of the energy storage systems is a global trend observed in the energy diversification scenario of several countries in the world. Considering the predominance of centralized hydroelectric generation in the brazilian electric matrix, Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Plans tend to be used within the National Interconnected System (SIN). However, such insertion process must consider the new changes in the regulatory framework arising from Brazilian regulatory policies for the sector. The selection of these policies must consider several and several dimensions. In addition, the chosen policy must consider a Regulatory Impact Analysis for its own. The main objective of this dissertation is to propose a model for the selection and evaluation of these policies, using a Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) process, with the aid of multicriteria decision making methods (MCDM). The defined model was proposed in six stages: definition of the regulatory problem; determination of the regulatory framework; mapping of action alternatives; benefit-cost analysis with the AHP method; selection of preferred policy with the fuzzyTOPSIS method and monitoring and evaluation of this policy. The modeling was applied to the following five policies: creating a capacity market; creation of a flexibility market; implementation of a multi-attribute auction; implementation of a capacity auction; and adoption of an incentive policy. The policies were compared with some references, confirming the applicability of the methodology and indicating the development of the proposed model, gaps in the literature regarding the applications of multicriteria for energy.