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Vliv N-acetylcysteinu a terapeutické hypotermie na ischemicko-reperfuzní poškození po experimentální srdeční zástavě / Effect of N-acetylcysteine and therapeutic hypothermia on ischemia-reperfusion injury after experimental cardiac arrestPinterová, Nikola January 2015 (has links)
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only clinically used intervention that suppresses nearly all manifestations of ischemia-reperfusion injury after cardiac arrest. Experimental models has proven that exogenous antioxidants have positive impact on ischemia-reperfusion injury and it is able to prevent it as well. Results in this thesis are based on application of high dosages of N-acetylcystein (NAC) on ischemia-reperfusion injury after experimental cardiac arrest in a porcine model. It was used as a form of monoteraphy or in combination with TH. During the experiment animals were randomized into 5 groups: administration of NAC and TH (group A), administration of NAC during cardiac arrest (group B), induction of TH (group C), without any intervention (group D) and administration of NAC after return of spontaneous circulation (group E). We were not able to confirm additive effect of NAC in combination with TH. Administration of NAC during cardiac arrest led to statistically important reduction of oxidative stress but in the same time anafylactic reaction led to higher mortality in group B and changes in hemodynamical parameters in group E. Key words: Therapeutic hypothermia, cardiac arrest, N-acetylcysteine, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, oxidative stress, oxygen radicals
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Význam produkce oxidu dusnatého a reaktivních forem kyslíku při akutním koronárním syndromu / NITRIC OXIDE AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMEŠnorek, Michal January 2013 (has links)
In cardiology, there are different conditions associated with the release of free radicals in some forms of hypoxia, such as ventilatory hypoxia or reduced perfusion. The role of free radicals during hypoxia in cardiology is the key point of our interest. In presented thesis, we have focused on hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and acute myocardial ischemia. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), an important physiological mechanism, is regulated by changes in the production of and interactions among reactive oxygen species (ROS). There is controversy, however, over whether HPV is mediated by an increase or a decrease in ROS production. Also, the role of nitric oxide (NO) in HPV remains unclear. Our results indicate that inhibition of HPV by the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol does not depend on either NO production or a decrease in basal vascular tone. The effect of three-day fasting on cardiac ischemic tolerance was investigated in another experimental model. Short-term fasting conclusively decreases ROS production. Three-day fasting effectively protected rat hearts against major endpoints of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury. It prevented severe ventricular arrhythmias and reduced the extent of myocardial infarction. These beneficial effects can be linked to altered mitochondrial redox...
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Untersuchungen auf renoprotektive Effekte nach pulsatiler Perfusion beziehungsweise Minozyklingabe bei extrakorporaler Zirkulation mittels Herz-Lungen-Maschine im FerkelmodellGerdom, Maria 14 November 2014 (has links)
Im Rahmen dieser Dissertation wurden anhand eines Ferkelmodells (8-15kg Schweine, 5 Gruppen: „nicht pulsatile HLM“: n=9, „Minozyklin+HLM“: n= 6, „pulsatile HLM“: n=7, „Minozyklin-Kontrolle: n=6, „Kontrolle“: n=8) während einer 120-minütigen extrakorporaler Zirkulation (EKZ) und einer darauffolgenden 90-minütigen Rekonvaleszenzzeit der physikalische Einflussfaktor des pulsatilen Flusses sowie der pharmakologische Effekt von Minozyklin auf die Niere jeweils unabhängig voneinander untersucht.
In allen Gruppen wurden HE-Färbungen sowie immunhistochemische Färbungen (HIF-1-α, 3-Nitrotyrosin, PAR, AIF) durchgeführt um pathologische Veränderungen auf zellulärer Ebene zu detektieren. Zusätzlich wurden energiereiche Phosphate und ihre Abbauprodukte mittels High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) bestimmt. Zur Beurteilung der klinischen Funktion der Niere wurden nierenspezifische Blutwerte (Serumkreatinin, Serumharnstoff) und Laktat im arteriellen Blut bestimmt.
Mit der pulsatilen Perfusion konnte ein Abfall des O2-Partialdruckes nicht verhindert werden (HIF-1-α), allerdings konnte die ATP-Konzentration aufrecht erhalten werden.
Dies spricht dafür, dass die pulsatile Perfusion im Gegensatz zu der nicht pulsatilen Perfusion keinen relevanten O2-Mangel verursachte. Auch die Ergebnisse der Nitrotyrosin-3-Auswertung zeigen, dass die Bildung von Peroxynitrit reduziert und somit der nitrosative Stress auf die Zellen begrenzt wurde. Die DNA wurde jedoch unabhängig vom gewählten Blutflussprofil geschädigt (PAR).
Auch anhand der nierenspezifischen Blutparameter (Serumkreatinin, Serumharnstoff) ließ sich eine postoperative Beeinträchtigung der Nierenfunktion feststellen. Im Vergleich zu der nicht pulsatilen EKZ war hier jedoch eine geringfügige Verbesserung zu erkennen (Serumkreatinin).
Zusammenfassend kann gesagt werden, dass durch die pulsatile EKZ der Grad der Ischämie beeinflusst werden konnte, allerdings waren insgesamt keine wesentlich positiven Auswirkungen auf zellulärer Ebene und auf die postoperative Nierenfunktion festzustellen. Der Einsatz des technisch anspruchsvollen pulsatilen Perfusionssystems scheint daher in Bezug auf die Niere in der routinemäßigen Herzchirurgie nicht unbedingt erforderlich zu sein.
Durch die Gabe von Minozyklin wurde zwar der Grad der Ischämie (HIF-1-α, ATP) nicht beeinflusst, allerdings konnte Minozyklin durch seine antioxidativen bzw. antinitrosativen (3-Nitrotyrosin), PARP-1-hemmenden (PAR) sowie antiapoptotischen (AIF) Wirkmechanismen die Niere offenbar vor den Folgen einer Ischämie schützen. Anhand der nierenspezifischen Blutwerte (Serumkreatinin, Serumharnstoff) wurde erkenntlich, dass Minozyklin die Nierenfunktion positiv beeinflusst, was wiederum die histologischen Befunde bestätigt.
Für die Humanmedizin ist somit der Einsatz von Minozyklin während der EKZ eine Möglichkeit die Auswirkungen des Ischämie/Reperfusionsschadens und deren klinische Folgen hinsichtlich der Niere zu begrenzen. Allerdings muss berücksichtigt werden, dass der einmalige Einsatz eines Antibiotikums auch negativen Einfluss auf den Körper ausübt (Resistenzentwicklung, Nebenwirkungen), sodass Minozyklin aufgrund der in dieser Versuchsreihe gezeigten positiven Eigenschaften, insbesondere die PARP-1-Inhibition, lediglich als Modellsubstanz für Weiterentwicklungen genutzt werden kann.
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Characterization of microvascular stress and cell death responses triggered by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and their roles in progressive fibrosisLan, Shanshan 12 1900 (has links)
L’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) est une complication clinique associée à une mortalité significative. Parmi les diverses causes d'IRA, l'ischémie-reperfusion (IRI) est une étiologie importante, en particulier dans le contexte de la transplantation rénale.
Les types de mort cellulaire programmée (MCP) activées dans l'IRA induite par IRI ont été étudiées par des nombreux groupes. L’atteinte tubulaire épithéliale est classiquement considérée comme le principal contributeur à l'IRA.En effet, plusieurs morts programmées de cellules tubulaires ont été démontrées dans la littérature. Cependant, les lésions endothéliales microvasculaires rénales attirent davantage l'attention en tant qu'inducteurs cruciaux de dysfonctionnement microvasculaire et de fibrose rénale progressive. Ainsi, certaines équipes de recherche, dont la nôtre a rapporté le développement de l'apoptose endothéliale rénale en association avec l’IRI. Le but de mon travail était donc de caractériser les types de mort cellulaire microvasculaires secondaires à l’IRI et leur contribution à la dysfonction rénale.
Pour évaluer l'importance de l'apoptose dans l'IRA induite par IRI, nous avons utilisé un modèle murin d’IRI chez des souris caspase-3 knock-out (KO) et sauvages, avec clampage de l'artère rénale pendant 30 minutes (modèle IRA légère) ou 60 minutes (modèle IRA sévère). Dans le modèle IRA légère, notre résultat montre que la carence en caspase-3 empêche la mort apoptotique des cellules endothéliales dans toutes les phases de l'IRA, atténuant la raréfaction microvasculaire, le dépôt de collagène et la fibrose rénale. L’absence de caspase-3 favorise aussi le maintien d’une perméabilité endothéliale microvasculaire normale à long terme. Toutefois, l’invalidation de la caspase-3 aggrave la mort cellulaire tubulaire à court terme en favorisant la nécroptose, mais améliore l’homéostasie tubulaire à long terme grâce à la préservation des capillaires péritubulaires (PTCs) permettant un maintien de la perfusion tubulaire. En outre, le déficit en caspase-3 est également associé à un effet protecteur contre la raréfaction microvasculaire rénale, la fibrose rénale progressive, ainsi qu'une perméabilité endothéliale améliorée et une préservation de la fonction rénale dans le modèle d’IRA sévère.
En conclusion, nos résultats démontrent l'effet crucial de l’apoptose endothéliale microvasculaire en tant qu'inducteur de dysfonctionnement microvasculaire rénal, de raréfaction microvasculaire et de fibrose rénale progressive dans la physiopathologie de l'IRA légère et sévère induite par l'IRI. Ils établissent aussi l’importance prédominante de l’atteinte microvasculaire plutôt que tubulaire épithéliale dans la prédiction de la perte de fonction rénale à long terme suite à une IRI. / Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a crucial clinical event, with increasing incidence and mortality. Among various pathogenesis of AKI, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an important etiology, especially in the renal post-transplant scenario.
The complex of programmed cell deaths (PCD) developed in IRI-induced AKI has been proven in a number of investigations. Renal tubular epithelial injury has been considered as the major contributor in AKI and multiple programmed tubular epithelial cell (TECs) deaths have been demonstrated in the literature. However, renal microvascular endothelial injury is attracting more attention as an important inducer of microvascular dysfunction and renal progressive fibrosis. Some investigators, including our team, have reported the development of renal endothelial apoptosis in the condition of ischemia.
Apoptosis, a commonly known programmed cell death, has been elucidated in both renal TECs and microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) post-IRI and the activation of caspase-3 functions as the key effector of caspase-dependent apoptosis. To verify the importance of apoptosis in IRI- induced AKI, we applied the in vivo murine renal IRI model in wild-type and caspase-3 KO mice, with clamping the renal artery for 30 minutes (mild AKI model) or 60 minutes (severe AKI model). In regard to the mild AKI model, our result demonstrates that caspase-3 deficiency prevents ECs apoptotic death in all phases of AKI, attenuating microvascular rarefaction, collagen deposition, and renal fibrosis, while maintaining physical endothelial permeability in the long-term. Meanwhile, caspase-3 deletion aggravates tubular injury in the short-term by promoting TECs necroptosis but ameliorates long-term tubular injury through preserved peritubular capillaries (PTCs) function. Furthermore, caspase-3 deficiency also demonstrated a protective effect against renal microvascular rarefaction, progressive renal fibrosis, as well as enhanced endothelial permeability in the severe AKI model.
Conclusively, our findings determine the crucial effect of microvascular endothelial apoptosis as an inducer of renal microvascular dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, and progressive renal fibrosis in the pathophysiology of mild and severe AKI induced by IRI. Additionally, our results demonstrate the predominant importance of microvascular endothelial injury over tubular epithelial injury in predicting renal function loss at long-term post-IRI.
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Correlation of Different Serum Biomarkers with Prediction of Early Pancreatic Graft Dysfunction Following Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney TransplantationJahn, Nora, Voelker, Maria Theresa, Laudi, Sven, Stehr, Sebastian, Schneeberger, Stefan, Brandacher, Gerald, Sucher, Elisabeth, Rademacher, Sebastian, Seehofer, Daniel, Sucher, Robert, Hau, Hans Michael 05 October 2023 (has links)
Background: Despite recent advances and refinements in perioperative management of simultaneous pancreas–kidney transplantation (SPKT) early pancreatic graft dysfunction (ePGD) remains a critical problem with serious impairment of early and long-term graft function and outcome. Hence, we evaluated a panel of classical blood serum markers for their value in predicting early graft dysfunction in patients undergoing SPKT. Methods: From a prospectively collected database medical data of 105 patients undergoing SPKT between 1998 and 2018 at our center were retrospectively analyzed. The primary study outcome was the detection of occurrence of early pancreatic graft dysfunction (ePGD), the secondary study outcome was early renal graft dysfunction (eRGD) as well as all other outcome parameters associated with the graft function. In this context, ePGD was defined as pancreas graft-related complications including graft pancreatitis, pancreatic abscess/peritonitis, delayed graft function, graft thrombosis, bleeding, rejection and the consecutive need for re-laparotomy due to graft-related complications within 3 months. With regard to analyzing ePGD, serum levels of white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), pancreatic lipase as well as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative days (POD) 1, 2, 3 and 5. Further, peak serum levels of CRP and lipase during the first 72 h were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were performed to assess their predictive value for ePGD and eRGD. Cut-off levels were calculated with the Youden index. Significant diagnostic biochemical cut-offs as well as other prognostic clinical factors were tested in a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the 105 patients included, 43 patients (41%) and 28 patients (27%) developed ePGD and eRGD following SPKT, respectively. The mean WBC, PCT, NLR, PLR, CRP and lipase levels were significantly higher on most PODs in the ePGD group compared to the non-ePGD group. ROC analysis indicated that peak lipase (AUC: 0.82) and peak CRP levels (AUC: 0.89) were highly predictive for ePGD after SPKT. The combination of both achieved the highest AUC (0.92; p < 0.01) in predicting ePGD. Concerning eRGD, predictive accuracy of all analyzed serological markers was moderate (all AUC < 0.8). Additionally, multivariable analysis identified previous dialysis/no preemptive transplantation (OR 2.4 (95% CI: 1.41–4.01), p = 0.021), donor age (OR 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.14), p < 0.010), donor body mass index (OR 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01–1.072), p = 0.04), donors cerebrovascular cause of death (OR 7.8 (95% CI: 2.21–26.9), p < 0.010), donor length of ICU stay (OR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.08–1.49), p < 0.010), as well as CIT pancreas (OR 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03–1.14), p < 0.010) as clinical relevant prognostic predictors for ePGD. Further, a peak of lipase (OR 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02–1.07), p < 0.010), peak of CRP levels (OR 1.12 (95% CI: 1.02–1.23), p < 0.010), pancreatic serum lipase concentration on POD 2 > 150 IU/L (OR 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2–7.13), p = 0.021) and CRP levels of ≥ 180 ng/mL on POD 2 (OR 3.6 (95% CI: 1.54–8.34), p < 0.01) and CRP levels > 150 ng/mL on POD 3 (OR 4.5 (95% CI: 1.7–11.4), p < 0.01) were revealed as independent biochemical predictive variables for ePGD after transplantation. Conclusions: In the current study, the combination of peak lipase and CRP levels were highly effective in predicting early pancreatic graft dysfunction development following SPKT. In contrast, for early renal graft dysfunction the predictive value of this parameter was less sensitive. Intensified monitoring of these parameters may be helpful for identifying patients at a higher risk of pancreatic ischemia reperfusion injury and various IRI- associated postoperative complications leading to ePGD and thus deteriorated outcome.
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Creating new opportunities for cardiac transplantation after circulatory death (DCD) using a novel pharmacological agentKhalil, Khalil 12 1900 (has links)
Contexte : Au cours de la dernière décennie, le nombre de personnes en attente d’une
transplantation cardiaque a augmenté d’environ 25%, tandis que le nombre de greffes effectuées
chaque année est resté stable. Le taux de décès des patients en attente d’une greffe cardiaque
est d’environ 15-20%. Le don d’organe suite à un décès cardiocirculatoire (DDC) est une
alternative au don après décès neurologique (DDN) qui a permis d’augmenter le nombre
d’organes disponibles comme les poumons, les reins et les foies. Compte tenu de la survenue
d’une mort cardiovasculaire dans les protocoles DDC, le cœur est rarement greffé à cause des
dommages infligés durant la période d’ischémie chaude. Notre équipe a précédemment
démontré que l’utilisation du Celastrol, ainsi que notre analogue synthétique inhibiteur de la
HSP90 ont des effets cardioprotecteurs, quand administrés au moment de la reperfusion dans
des modèles in vitro de culture cellulaire et ex vivo dans des cœurs de rats montés sur le système
de perfusion Langendorff. L’objectif est d’évaluer les mécanismes cardioprotecteurs rapides
d’une nouvelle formulation de l’inhibiteur HSP90, et de comprendre l’efficacité de ce nouveau
composé synthétique sur deux lignées de cellules : les cardiomyoblastes H9c2 issus de rats et les
cardiomyocytes dérivés de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines (iPSC-CMs).
Méthodes/Résultats : Les cellules H9c2 et iPSC-CMs ont été cultivées. La signalisation cellulaire a
été analysée par western blot pour évaluer le niveau d’activation de ces différentes voies. Suite à
l’optimisation des conditions pour les cellules iPSC-CMs, les deux lignées cellulaires ont été mises
en condition ischémique (sans glucose, 95% N2, 5% CO2) durant la nuit, puis reperfusées, en
conditions normales, avec différentes concentrations de l’inhibiteur HSP90. La viabilité cellulaire
ainsi que l’ouverture des pores mitochondriaux (mPTP) ont été évaluées à l’aide de kits
d’analyses, la production de radicaux libres d’oxygène à l’aide de kits de fluorescence et
l’expression des ARN messagers de gènes antioxydants à l’aide de la réaction en chaîne par
polymérase (PCR).
Les résultats ont montré une augmentation de l’activation des voies cytoprotectrices quand les
deux lignées cellulaires étaient traitées à la concentration 10-6M du composé sans stress
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ischémique : augmentation de HO-1 and HSP-70 dans les 30 premières minutes et AKT et ERK
après 1 heure de traitement et 3 heures de récupération. Contrairement à nos attentes, le
traitement au moment de la reperfusion à la concentration 10-6M a montré une diminution de la
viabilité des cellules, alors que la concentration 10-7M l’a augmenté. À une concentration de 10-
7M, il y a eu diminution de la production de radicaux libres comparativement au groupe témoin.
Comme attendu, cette concentration a aussi démontré une diminution de l’ouverture des mPTP.
Tous ces résultats ont été observés, autant dans les cellules humaines que celles de rats. Une
évaluation préliminaire de l’expression des gènes antioxydants dans les cellules H9c2 a seulement
montré une augmentation de l’expression des gènes CAT et HO-1.
Conclusion : Notre groupe de recherche a précédemment démontré l’efficacité des composés
issus du Celastrol sur la réduction des dommages myocardiques dus à la reperfusion dans les
modèles d’ischémie, incluant l’infarctus du myocarde et la donation après décès
cardiocirculatoire. Ces expériences ont montré les effets bénéfiques du nouveau composé
synthétique sur l’expression des gènes antioxydants, et sur l’activation d’une série de voies
cytoprotectrices permettant la stabilisation de la membrane mitochondriale, réduisant aussi la
production de radicaux libres, et améliorant ultimement la survie cellulaire. Des études
supplémentaires sont en cours afin d’améliorer la compréhension des modes d’action, des
mécanismes et des dosages optimaux du médicament, ce qui nous permettra de commencer les
essais sur animaux dans le but d’introduire cette molécule en clinique dans le contexte de don
d’organes. / Background: During the last decade, the number of people waiting for a cardiac transplantation
has increased by about 25%, while the number of yearly transplant surgeries performed has
remained steady. The death rate of patients awaiting heart transplant is about 15-20%. Organ
donation after circulatory death (DCD) is an alternative to donation after neurological death
(DND) that has allowed to increase the number of available organs like lungs, livers, and kidneys.
However, because of the cardiac death in DCD protocols, the heart is rarely used because of the
injuries suffered by the warm ischemia period. Our group has previously shown that Celastrol,
along with a synthetic HSP90 inhibitor analog, have cardioprotective effects when given as
postconditioning agents at the moment of reperfusion in an in vitro model on cellular cultures
and an ex vivo model on rat hearts mounted on a Langendorff perfusion system. The objective is
to evaluate the rapid cardioprotective mechanisms of a novel formulation of the HSP90 inhibitor
compound, and to understand the efficacy of this new synthetic compound on two cell lines: rat
H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSCCMs).
Methods/Results: H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts and human iPSC-CMs were cultured. Cell signaling
was analyzed by western blot to evaluate pathway activations. Both cell lines were put in ischemic
conditions (no glucose, 95% N2, 5% CO2) overnight, then reperfused (normal conditions) with
different concentrations of HSP90i after optimizing the human iPSC-CMs’ stress experiment. Cell
viability and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were evaluated using
assays, oxygen-free radical production by fluorescence assay and antioxidant gene messenger
RNA expression via polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Results showed an increase in cytoprotective pathway activation when both cell lines were
treated with 10-6M of the compound without any stress: HO-1 and HSP-70 in the first 30 minutes
while AKT and ERK after 1 hour of treatment and 3 hours of recuperation. Interestingly, treatment
with the compound at 10-6M at the moment of reperfusion showed decreased viability of the cells
while 10-7M improved it. Free radical production was also decreased at a concentration of 10-7M
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when compared to the baseline, and as expected, the compound also decreased mPTP opening.
These results were seen in both human and rat cell lines. Preliminary evaluation of antioxidant
gene expression in H9c2 cells only showed an increase in the expression of the cytoprotective
CAT and HO-1 genes.
Conclusion: Our research group has previously demonstrated the efficacy of Celastrol compounds
in reducing reperfusion damage in myocardial ischemia models, including myocardial infarction
and donation after circulatory death. These experiments have shown that the beneficial effects
of this new synthetic compound include the expression of antioxidant genes and the launching of
a series of cytoprotective pathways that stabilize the mitochondrial membrane, reduce free
radical production, and improve cell survival. Additional studies to fully understand the mode of
action, the mechanisms and the optimal dosages are underway to allow us to move to animal
trials in order to ultimately introduce the molecule in the clinical field in the context of organ
donation.
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Mechanische und pharmakologische Organkonditionierung im Rahmen warmer LeberischämieGlanemann, Matthias 24 May 2005 (has links)
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden zwei Verfahren untersucht, die eine erfolgreiche Protektion vor hepatischer Ischämie/Reperfusionsschädigung versprachen: ischämische Präkonditionierung (IP) und pharmakologische Konditionierung mit Methylprednisolon (MP). Dabei wurde zunächst das Ausmaß der hepatozellulären Schädigung nach warmer Leberischämie durch Abklemmen der blutzuführenden Gefäße im Ligamentum hepatoduodenale (Pringle-Manöver) analysiert, wobei beide Behandlungsstrategien eine vergleichbar starke Gewebsprotektion erzielten. Nach 70%-iger Leberteilresektion mit Pringle-Manöver war jedoch trotz reduzierter Ischämie/Reperfusionsschädigung die Leberregeneration nach IP-Behandlung nachhaltig eingeschränkt. Im Gegensatz dazu waren die regenerativen Vorgänge nach MP-Behandlung nicht schneller, aber doch mit einer vergleichbaren Kinetik zu unbehandelten, ischämischen Kontrollen abgelaufen. Zusammenfassend gilt, daß sowohl IP- als auch MP-Behandlung die Ischämie/Reperfusionsschädigung deutlich reduzieren. Dies hat jedoch keinen positiven Einfluß auf die nachfolgende Regeneration nach Leberteilresektion mit Pringle-Manöver. / The present study analyses two strategies to protect from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury: ischemic preconditioning (IP) and pharmacologic administration of methylprednisolone (MP). First, the extent of hepatocellular damage after warm liver ischemia induced by cross clamping of the hepatic vessels in the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pringle manöver) was analysed demonstrating comparable tissue protection by both treatment modalities. After 70% partial hepatectomy including Pringle manöver however, the hepatocellular regerneration was markedly decreased after IP treatment, despite reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, MP treatment did not improve hepatic regeneration since it showed a comparable timing to untreated, ischemic controls. In conclusion, both IP and MP significantly reduced hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, no beneficial effects on hepatocellular regeneration after partial hepatectomy including pringle manöver were observed.
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Anti-inflammatorische und zytoprotektive Gentherapie am Beispiel der experimentellen TransplantationRitter, Thomas 10 January 2003 (has links)
Ziel der Arbeit war, zu untersuchen, ob der gezielte Einsatz gentherapeutischer Methoden zu einer Verhinderung der Abstoßung allogener Transplantate bzw. zu einer Verhinderung der Induktion des Ischämie-/Reperfusionsschadens in verschiedenen Transplantationsmodellen der Ratte beitragen kann. Dabei wurden zwei Schwerpunkte gesetzt: Zum einen wurde auf den ex-vivo Gentransfer von therapeutischen Molekülen direkt in das Transplantat mit Hilfe von rekombinanten Adenoviren fokussiert. Zum anderen wurde das Potenzial von retroviral modifizierten, allospezifischen T-Zellen als Träger therapeutischer Gene zur Verhinderung der Transplantatrejektion untersucht. Diese Habilitationsschrift umfasst dreizehn Originalartikel in internationalen Zeitschriften, sechs Übersichtsartikel (Reviews) und vier Manuskripte, die bereits zur Veröffentlichung eingereicht sind. / The aim of the research was to investigate, whether the specific use of gene therapeutic methods can play a role in the prevention of allogeneic graft rejection or in the prevention of the induction of ischemia/reperfusion damage in various rat transplantation models. Doing this there were to main focusses: First we concentrated on the ex-vivo gene transfer of therapeutic molecules directly into the graft, which was done using recombinant adenoviruses. Then we investigated the potential of retrovirally modified, allospecific T-cells as carriers for therapeutic genes for the prevention of graft rejection. This publication consists of thirteen original papers in international journals, six reviews and four manuscripts that have been submitted for publication.
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Hhip deficiency in endothelial cells prevents renal ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injuryPang, Yuchao 08 1900 (has links)
Mémoire en recherche-création / Creative dissertation / Objectif: Les lésions rénales aiguës causées par l'ischémie-reperfusion rénale (I/R) constituent un problème clinique majeur pour lequel les thérapies sont limitées, et dont le mécanisme sous-jacent reste mal compris. L'insuffisance rénale aiguë précède souvent la transition vers l'insuffisance rénale chronique, marquée par une inflammation soutenue, un remodelage tubulaire et une fibrose. Il est intéressant de noter que la protéine Hedgehog interacting (Hhip) a été identifiée comme un régulateur important dans la maladie rénale chronique, avec une expression notable dans les cellules endothéliales. Cependant, l'implication et le rôle de Hhip dans l'insuffisance rénale aiguë n'ont pas fait l'objet d'études approfondies. Dans ma thèse de maîtrise, nous cherchons à déterminer si le knock-out de Hhip spécifique aux cellules endothéliales peut prévenir l'insuffisance rénale aiguë induite par l’I/R in vivo, et à explorer les mécanismes moléculaires possibles par le biais d'expériences in vitro.
Méthodes: Une I/R rénale unilatérale de 45 minutes ou une chirurgie sham avec néphrectomie controlatérale a été réalisée sur des souris mâles HhipEC-KO âgées de 10 semaines et sur leurs compagnons de contrôle Hhipfl/fl, respectivement. Les souris ont été divisées en quatre groupes : sham-Hhipfl/fl, sham-HhipEC-KO, IRI-Hhipfl/fl, IRI-HhipEC-KO, avec 6-8 souris dans chaque groupe. Des échantillons de sérum, d'urine et de rein ont été prélevés dans chaque groupe aux 1er, 3e et 7e jours postopératoires en vue d'analyses ultérieures. Les expériences in vitro ont consisté à exposer des cellules tubulaires proximales rénales naïves (IRPTCs) au milieu conditionné prélevé sur des cellules endothéliales de souris (mECs) dans différentes conditions, y compris la présence ou l'absence de Hhip (Hhip recombinant ou siRNA-Hhip) et le traitement au cisplatine.
Résultats: Par rapport aux souris témoins sham, les souris qui ont subi une chirurgie I/R rénale ont toutes subi une perte de poids corporel significative et des lésions tubulaires rénales marquées, quel que soit le statut du knock-out Hhip. Les souris IRI-Hhipfl/fl ont présenté un taux de mortalité plus élevé et un rapport albumine/ créatinine (ACR) élevé en postopératoire par rapport aux souris IRI-HhipEC-KO. De meilleurs résultats pathologiques et une fibrose rénale réduite ont été observés chez les souris HhipEC-KO lors de lésions rénales aiguës. En outre, les niveaux d'expression du marqueur de lésions rénales-1 (KIM-1) étaient plus faibles chez les souris IRI-HhipEC-KO que chez les souris IRI-Hhipfl/fl. Notamment, l'expression des marqueurs associés à la sénescence cellulaire, y compris la β-galactosidase associée à la sénescence (SA-β-gal), la p21 et la p16, était accrue dans les tubules rénaux des souris Hhipfl/fl, mais significativement réduite chez les souris HhipEC-KO. Des expériences in vitro ont également révélé que les IRPTCs naïves cultivées dans un milieu conditionné (CM) provenant de mECs prétraitées au cisplatine présentaient une réponse de sénescence cellulaire prononcée, caractérisée par l'expression accrue de p21 et de p53. Cependant, le CM provenant de mECs silencées par Hhip, contenant également du cisplatine, a largement atténué ces effets néfastes chez les IRPTCs naïves. En outre, les reins des souris IRI-HhipEC-KO présentaient moins de fibrose et une plus faible expression de la molécule d'adhésion vasculaire-1 (VCAM-1) que les reins des souris témoins (IRI-Hhipfl/fl).
Conclusion: Ces résultats suggèrent le rôle protecteur du knock-out de Hhip dans les cellules endothéliales contre les lésions tubulaires rénales induites par les lésions rénales aiguës. Cette protection potentielle peut être médiée, au moins en partie, par l'inhibition de la sénescence des cellules tubulaires médiée par Hhip. / Background/aim: Acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) stands as a major clinical issue with limited therapies, and its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. AKI often precedes the transition to chronic kidney disease (CKD), marked by the sustained inflammation, tubular remodeling, and fibrosis. Interestingly, Hedgehog interacting protein (Hhip) has been identified as an important regulator in CKD, with notable expression in endothelial cells. However, the involvement and the role of Hhip during AKI has not been thoroughly investigated. In my master’s thesis, we aim to investigate whether endothelial cell-specific knockout of Hhip can prevents renal I/R-induced AKI in vivo, and to explore possible molecular mechanisms involved through in vitro experiments.
Methods: 45-minute unilateral renal I/R or sham surgery, along with contralateral nephrectomy, was performed on 10-week-old male HhipEC-KO and its control littermate Hhipfl/fl mice, respectively. The mice were divided into four groups: sham-Hhipfl/fl, sham-HhipEC-KO, IRI-Hhipfl/fl, IRI-HhipEC-KO, with 6-8 mice in each group. Serum, urine and kidney samples were collected from each group on the 1st, 3rd, 7th postoperative days for subsequent analysis. In vitro experiments involved exposing naïve renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) to the conditioned medium harvested from mouse endothelial cells (mECs) under different conditions, including presence or absence of Hhip (recombinant Hhip or siRNA-Hhip) and Cisplatin treatment.
Results: Compared to sham control mice, mice that underwent renal I/R surgery all experienced significant body weight loss and marked renal tubular injury, regardless of Hhip knockout status. IRI-Hhipfl/fl mice exhibited a higher mortality rate and an elevated albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) postoperatively compared to IRI-HhipEC-KO mice. Improved pathological outcomes and reduced renal fibrosis were observed in HhipEC-KO mice during AKI. In addition, the expression levels of kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1) were lower in the IRI-HhipEC-KO mice than in the IRI-Hhipfl/fl mice. Notably, the expression of cellular senescence-associated markers, including senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), p21, and p16 was enhanced in the renal tubules of Hhipfl/fl mice, but significantly reduced in HhipEC-KO mice. In vitro experiments further revealed that naïve IRPTCs cultured in conditioned medium (CM) from Cisplatin-pretreated mECs exhibited a pronounced cellular senescence response, characterized by the upregulated expression of p21 and p53. However, CM from Hhip-silenced mECs, also containing Cisplatin, largely mitigated these adverse effects in naïve IRPTCs. Furthermore, kidneys of IRI-HhipEC-KO mice displayed less fibrosis and lower expression of vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) compared to their controls (IRI-Hhipfl/fl).
Conclusion: These results hint at the protective role of Hhip knockout in endothelial cells against AKI-induced renal tubular injury. This potential protection may be mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of Hhip-mediated tubular cell senescence.
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Alterações no perfil metabólico em resposta a isquemia/reperfusão renal em modelo suíno de lesão renal aguda / Changes in the metabolic profile in response to ischemia/reperfusion in a swine model of acute kidney injuryMalagrino, Pamella Araujo 31 October 2014 (has links)
A lesão renal aguda (LRA) é uma séria complicação dos pacientes hospitalizados, causada principalmente pela isquemia/reperfusão (I/R). Ela é definida como um abrupto declínio da função renal baseada em alterações agudas da creatinina sérica e débito urinário. Porém, alterações na creatinina sérica são tardias e variam com o gênero, idade, massa muscular, metabolismo e hidratação do indivíduo. Novos biomarcadores para um diagnóstico mais preciso e precoce da doença são necessários. No entanto, devido em humanos a LRA ser uma doença, em sua maioria, secundária a outras doenças, o desenvolvimento de modelos animais com resposta similar aos humanos é de extrema importância. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento e caracterização de um modelo suíno de I/R renal, seguido da identificação de alterações nos perfis metabólicos séricos durante à I/R renal aguda. Além de colaborar com o melhor entendimento da fisiopatologia da doença, pode prover novos biomarcadores com potencial uso no diagnóstico e prognóstico através do monitoramento dos pacientes hospitalizados. Primeiramente, foi desenvolvido um modelo controlado e percutâneo, com único insulto de I/R renal, sem nefrectomia contralateral usando suínos como modelo. A isquemia foi induzida por um cateter-balão inflado por 120min na artéria renal direita seguida de 24 horas de reperfusão. Amostras seriadas de soro e urina foram coletadas. A caracterização do modelo foi feita por análises histológicas e bioquímicas, e a identificação de novos biomarcadores, através da ressonância magnética nuclear (600MHz) seguida da análise por PLS-DA e biologia de sistemas. A necrose tubular aguda foi identificada em todos os animais, porém apenas dois deles apresentaram níveis de creatinina sérica acima de 150% dos seus valores basais. Como esperado, a I/R elevou os níveis de uréia e creatinina e ainda modulou a excreção de Na+, K+, Cl-, bicarbonato e glicose. A NGAL e as proteínas nitradas séricas apresentaram dois perfis: diminuíram com a isquemia e aumentaram com a reperfusão. Este declínio foi associado com o aumento da excreção de proteínas durante a isquemia e início da reperfusão. A partir deste modelo de I/R renal desenvolvido, selecionamos 8 marcadores metabólicos: L-glutamato, L-serina, N-isovaleroilglicina, L-metionina, L-prolina, 2-aminobutirato, colina e creatinina. Estes metabólitos foram capazes de distinguir indivíduos saudáveis e isquêmicos, restaurando seus valores após 11 horas da reperfusão. Através da análise de biologia de sistemas, estes metabólitos se mostraram altamente representativos da via dos aminoácidos, se relacionaram com alterações no transporte iônico e foram associados às vias do fator nuclear kappa B (NF?B), huntingtina (HTT) e pró-insulina. Assim, foi possível desenvolver um modelo de I/R renal percutâneo em modelo suíno, capaz de permitir o desenvolvimento de estudos para explorar respostas fisiopatológicas e novos biomarcadores isquêmicos renais. A partir dele, com ferramentas metabolômicas, foi possível elaborar um painel metabólico que contribui para o estudo da fisiopatologia da isquemia e pode tornar-se uma ferramenta promissora para a identificação precoce de pacientes com LRA geradas pela I/R renal / Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in hospitalized patients mainly caused by ischemia/reperfusion. AKI is defined as the abrupt decrease in kidney function based on acute alterations in serum creatinine or urine output. Nevertheless, changes in serum creatinine are late and vary with muscular mass, age, gender, metabolism and hydration of individuals. In this sense, new biomarkers for the accurate and early diagnosis are needed. In humans LRA is a secondary disease, related to the progress of other diseases. Thus, the development of animal models with similar response to humans is extremely important. This study aimed to develop and characterize a swine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), followed by the identification of changes in serum metabolic profiles during acute renal I/R. In addition to collaborating with a better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease, these findings may provide new biomarkers with potential use in diagnosis and prognosis through the monitoring hospitalized patients. Here we report the development of a controlled, single-insult model of unilateral renal I/R without contralateral nephrectomy, using a suitable model, the pig. Animals underwent renal ischemia by balloon catheter placed and inflated into the right renal artery for 120 minutes and reperfusion over 24 hours. Serial serum and urine were sampled. The characterization of the renal I/R model was made by histological and biochemical analyzes. Identification of new biomarkers was performed by nuclear magnetic resonance (600MHz) followed by PLS-DA analysis and systems biology. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was identified in every animal, but only two animals showed levels of serum creatinine above 150% of baseline values. As expected, I/R increased serum creatinine and BUN. Fractional sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate and glucose excretion were modulated during ischemia. Serum nitrated proteins and NGAL presented two profiles: decreased with ischemia and increased after reperfusion. This decline was associated with increased protein excretion during ischemia and early reperfusion. From this renal I/R model developed, eight metabolites were selected: L-glutamate, L-serine, N-isovaleroylglicine, L-methionine, L-proline, 2-aminobutyrated, choline and creatinine. PLS-DA analysis for these metabolites resulted in an accurate separation between pre ischemia and ischemia groups. All selected metabolites recovered to baseline conditions after 11 hours of reperfusion. Through network analysis we found changes in H+, Na+ and Cl- ion transport pathways and association with Nuclear Factor-KappaB (NF?B), Huntingtin (HTT) and proinsulin (insulin) pathways. Thus, it was possible to develop a percutaneous model of renal I/R in swine model, allowing the development of studies to explore physiopathology responses and new renal ischemic biomarkers. With this model and metabolomic tools, it was possible to develop a metabolic panel that contributes to the study of ischemia physiopathology and may become a promising tool for the early identification of patients with AKI generated by renal I/R
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