Syfte:            Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att undersöka hur Collegium Restaurang & Konferens kan differentiera sin kylda färdigmat med fokus på kundens matval till kvällen, samt beskriva vilka möjligheter Collegium har att använda sig av relationsmarknadsföring. Metod:         Primärdata insamlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med anställda och ägare på Collegium samt genom en enkät till nuvarande och potentiella kunder. Den insamlade informationen analyserades därefter till viss del kvantitativt (enkätsvar) och till viss del kvalitativt (intervjuer och de enkätsvaren med möjlighet till fria svar) med koppling till relevanta vetenskapliga teorier. Analysarbetet har dock till största delen genomförts kvalitativt genom användningen av the constant comparative method. Slutsats:       Studien som genomförts visar att kunderna inte äter färdigmat till kvällsmat särskilt ofta vilket innebär att det finns en marknadspotential. För att Collegium Restaurang & Konferens skall få kunderna intresserade av att köpa deras kylda färdigmat till kvällsmat, gärna oftare än de äter färdigmat idag, bör produkten vara lättillgänglig, resultera i en tidsbesparing men även vara ett socialt accepterat matval. Färdigmaten skall vara smakrik, ha tilltalande utseende, upplevas som nyttig och nylagad. Undvika tillsatser är också viktig differentiering. Företaget använder något som de kallar ”surdegsströssel”, vilket kan skickas med färdigmaten och som kommer resultera i att kunden upplever maten som krispig och nylagad. Företaget har flera möjligheter till relationsmarknadsföring där studien visat att en mobil app kan vara ett alternativ som passar många kunder. I denna app skulle företaget kunna ge kunderna tillgång till olika erbjudanden, menyer och recept, vilket kan hjälpa kunden med dennes måltidsplanering. / Purpose:      The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze how Collegium Restaurang & Konferens can differentiate their HMR for the evening meal and describe the possibilities for Collegium to use relationship marketing. Method:       Primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with the personnel and owners at Collegium Restaurang & Konferens and a survey to current and potential customers. The information was partly analyzed quantitative (survey data) but also qualitative (interviews and the survey responses that was text answers) by referring to the scientific theories. However, the primary method for analyzing all data was the constant comparative method. Conclusion:  This study shows that the customers do not eat HMR for supper particularly often, which results in that market potential exists. To get the customers more interested in buying Collegium Restaurang & Konferens’ HMR for supper, than they buy HMR today, the product needs to be easy to buy, result in a time-reduction but also be a socially acceptable choice of food. The HMR needs to be appetizing, have an appealing look, being viewed as healthy and newly cooked. Avoidance of for example chemical flavourings is also an important differentiator. The company use something they call “leaven-sprinkles”, which could be a complementary product to their HMR. This will result in that the food is viewed as crispier and thus fresher. The company has several opportunities for relationship marketing, and our study showed that a mobile application can be an alternative that suits many customers. Through this application the company could give the customers access to different offers, menus and recipes. While the customers often lack pre-planning of their meals, the company could offer a service with for example weekly menus to assist the customer with the planning.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjukvårdspersonal kan hjälpa vuxna patienter att sluta röka, en kortare eller längre tid, inför en elektiv operation.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Genom sökning i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl erhölls 10 vetenskapliga artiklar. Sökningar genomfördes med både MeSH-termer och fritextsökning. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades, analyserades och samanställdes. Resultat: Metoder som kan användas för att hjälpa patienter att sluta röka är olika former av rådgivning och utbildning: hälsoutbildning, program för livsstilsförändringar, sluta-röka-linje. Att erbjuda rådgivning och stöd i kombination nikotinersättningspreparat är fungerande metoder: motiverande samtal och nikotinersättning, regelbunden rådgivning och nikotinersättning, rökavvänjning med hjälp av interaktivt dataprogram, information och hjälp med planering, nikotinersättning och uppmuntrande telefonsamtal. Effekten av nikotinplåster, läkemedel och akupunktstimulering som ensamma metoder var begränsad. Slutsatser: Olika former av rådgivning eller utbildning kan användas när patienter behöver sluta röka inför en elektiv operation. Metoder som kombinerar nikotinersättning och rådgivning eller stöd var mest effektiva. Använder sig sjukvårdspersonal av detta kan lidande minskas, undvika förlängd vårdtid och pengar sparas.

Nowadays, consumers are lack of interest for advertisement because they are flooded by advertising. Therefore, advertisers try to motivate consumers to process ads. From the advertising literature, rhetorical devices can be attention-getting, arousing, and affect inducing and memorable. Specifically, the use of metaphors expends dimensional thinking and enhances ad responses. This research proposes two types of metaphors: juxtaposition vs. replacement. It examines the moderating effects of product type and consumers¡¦ gender differences on metaphor advertising. The present study uses experimental design with a 3(metaphor advertising: non-metaphor vs. juxtaposition vs. replacement) x2 (product type: search good vs. experience good) x2 (gender difference: male vs. female) factorial design. Six different scenarios are established through fictitious product ads, and the ad effects are measured by attitudes toward the ad, attitudes toward the brand, and purchase intention to observe the responses under different scenarios. The results indicate that the metaphor advertising is more effective than the non-metaphor advertising. In promoting a search good, the replacement metaphor is more effective than the juxtaposition metaphor. On the contrary, the juxtaposition is more effective than replacement in promoting an experience good. When females face metaphor ads for promoting a search good, the replacement is more effective than the juxtaposition. However, no such differences are found in males.The findings suggest that marketers should consider not only the product type they promote but also the gender of their target consumers in order to enhance the advertising effects.

John Bongaarts' proximate determinants model of fertility has accounted for over 90 percent of variation in the total fertility rate (TFR) of primarily developing nations and historical populations. Recently, dramatically low fertility rates across the globe have raised questions regarding whether this model could be applied to exclusively below-replacement nations. This study follows Knodel, Chamratrithirong, and Debavalya's 1987 analysis of fertility decline in Thailand by conducting in-depth case studies of the proximate determinants in two low fertility countries over time: South Korea, where fertility is well below the level of replacement, and the United States, where fertility has hovered around replacement level for many years. Then, the fertility-inhibiting effect of the proximate determinants is assessed by comparing the quantitative index representing each determinant measured in the 1960s/1970s with its measurement in the 2000s. For both years, I consider the fertility level that would prevail in the determinant's presence as well as the level that would exist in its absence. Finally, I use each of the indices to calculate the TFR and assess how the strength of the model varies over time in the two countries. Ultimately, results indicate that the proximate determinants model does not offer a clean picture of the fertility level in either South Korea or the United States; when trends uncovered by the case studies are compared to the results of the quantitative analysis, a number of inconsistencies are revealed. This suggests that certain components in the model may need to be respecified for more effective application in low-fertility contexts. However, that is not to say that it offers no insight into fertility at all or that it is no longer a useful tool. On the contrary, it is shown that the proximate determinants model holds a lot of potential for analysis in low-fertility nations. The implications of these results, as well as the need for improvements in international data collection efforts, are also discussed.

There are more than 150,000 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions each year with the goal of recovering the balance between knee stability and mobility. As many as 25 percent of these procedures will end in joint instability that can cause further damage. The risk of developing degenerative joint disease (DJD) increases in patients with previous knee injury, resulting in a higher instance of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There are more than 400,000 TKA procedures each year, but the waiting lists for this surgery shows that many more patients are hoping to undergo this procedure. TKA provides improved knee function and pain relief for patients suffering from DJD. Although this procedure is considered successful, as younger patients undergo this treatment, the long-term performance must be improved. Major mechanisms of failure include component loosening from stress-shielding, poor integration of the implant with native tissue, and ion release from the implant. TiNb alloys are more biocompatible than currently used alloys, such as NiTi, and have mechanical properties closer to bone, so they would reduce the instance of stress shielding. TiNb can be made porous for better integration with the native bone and has superior corrosion resistance than NiTi. Engineered ligaments have generally failed to achieve mechanical properties sufficiently similar to their native counterparts, but also lack the osteochondral interface critical to the transfer of load between ligament and bone. The osteochondral interface could be incorporated through a gradient of inorganic content toward the bony insertion ends of the ligament graft, as we showed that in increase of inorganic content resulted in the transdifferentiation of osteoblasts toward chondrocyte-like cells (bone to cartilage-like). A composite scaffold composed of an electrospun mesh with either a hydrogel component or extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by the cells may be a suitable tissue engineered ligament graft. The non-linear stress-strain behavior seen in native ligament is exhibited by both of these systems, and the ECM produced by these systems is consistent with ligament tissue. The ECM-electrospun mesh composite exhibited higher elastic modulus than the fibrin-electrospun mesh composite, but required extensive pre culture while the fibrin-electrospun mesh composite could be fabricated in situ.

Around 1000 ya, Turkic language started to be introduced to Turkey and Azerbaijan (Region of language replacement, RLR) in parallel with the migrations of Turkic speaking nomadic groups from Central Asia. The Central Asian contribution to the RLR was analyzed with four admixture methods considering different evolutionary forces. Furthermore, the association between the Central Asian contribution and the language replacement episode was estimated by comparatively analyzing the Central Asian contribution to RLR and to their non-Turkic speaking neighbors. In the present study, analyses revealed that Chikhi et al.&rsquo / s (2001) method represents the closest estimates to the true Central Asian contributions. Based on this method, it was observed that there were lower male (13%) than female (22%) contributions from Central Asia to Anatolia, with wide ranges of confidence intervals. Lower contribution, with respect to males, is to be explained by homogenization between the males of the Balkans and those of Anatolia. In Azerbaijan this contribution was 18% in females and 32% in males. Moreover, results pointed out that the Central Asian contribution in RLR can not be totally attributed to the language replacement episode because similar, or even higher, Central Asian contributions in northern and southern non-Turkic speaking neighbors were observed. The presence of a 20% or more admixture proportion in the RLR, and the presence of even higher contributions around the region, suggested that language might not be replaced inaccordance with &ldquo / elite dominance model&rdquo / .

Prior to the implementation of Labor Retirement Act (hereinafter referred to as New System), the Labor Retirement System is mainly governed by Labor Standard Act (hereinafter referred to as Previous System) . However, since the implementation of Retirement System under Labor Standard Act, it has been under long term controversy. In order to improve the discrepancy of previous system, the Retirement System under Labor Standard Act, Council for Labor Affairs has proposed quite a number of drafts for amendment. After years of endeavor, it was finally reached consensus in improvement and established new labor retirement system, which is based mainly on Personal Account of Pension System and assisted by Income Replacement program. It was passed in Legislative Yuan on June 11, 2004, the Labor Retirement Act (New System) and officially enforced on July 1, 2005. However, it was expected that there will be many problems emerged in the initial stage of implementation. In this paper, we focused on the Labor Retirement New System and explained with other related administrative statutory are used as assistance. Also the basic theory of Administrative Act ¡V Principle of Administration, Administration Organization, Administrative Authorities, Administrative Remedies and Administrative Supervision ¡V the 5 main structure are used as the research methodology to examine the possible problem in new labor retirement system and tried to form possible measures for solutions.

Most patients diagnosed with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergo hemodialysis. Traditional hemodialysis treatment requires patients spending three to five hours every other day while yielding the high waste level accumulated between treatments. These limitations in the current technology have spurred the development of a portable renal replacement system. The portable system will not only free the patients from visiting the clinic but also allow more frequent treatment that will lead to lower average waste level. To realize a portable system, the size and weight of hemodialysis system components should be reduced. This work analyzes the working principle of the pump and proposes a DC-motor and cam driven finger pump design. In addition, an analytical pump model is created for the optimization of the pump design. In vitro experiment conducted using the pump measured Creatinine levels over time, and the results validitate the design for the portable renal replacement system. The proposed pump design is smaller than 188 cm³ and consumes less than 4W while providing a flow rate of more than 100ml/min (the optimum flow rate for a portable system) for both blood and dialysate flows. The smallest pump of a portable renal replacement system in the literature uses check valves, which considerably increase the overall manufacturing cost and possibility of clogging. Compared to that pump, the proposed pump design achieved reduction in size by 40% and savings in energy consumption by 65% with the removal of valves. This simple and reliable design substantially enables development of a portable renal replacement system.

<p>he aim of this study is to use several homology models of different completeness and accuracy and to evaluate them as search models for Molecular Replacement (MR).Three structural groups are evaluated: α-, β- and α/β- group. From every group one template structure and a couple of search models are selected. The search models are manipulated and evaluated. B-factor manipulation, side chain removal and homology modelling are the ways the search models are manipulated. This work shows that B-factor manipulation do not improve the search models. The work also shows that removing the side chains is not improving the search models. Finally the work shows that homology modelling did not model better search models.</p>

本研究旨在討探投資型保險之最適退休資產配置，資產配置是決定一個投資組合的報酬與風險的最重要因素。本研究採取五種資產配置策略，包含了BH策略、CM策略、LCF、LCR策略及TRR策略，利用模擬四項投資標的之未來的投資報酬率，在給定之個案設計下進行投資期間分別20、25、30、35年模擬分析，研究結果發現： 1. 當風險性資產所佔之比重愈高對達成目標所得替代率之影響愈明顯， 2. 當投資期間愈長，其愈少投資在風險性資產之策略，在期末終值遠低於於持續持有較高風險資產。 3. 不同投資期間其不同策略在表現各有所不同，LC策略至少投資25年以上會有比較高的所得替代率，保守且投資期間較短的投資人可選擇TRR策略，較積極或投資期間較長的投資人可選擇BH或CM策略以達到較高的所得替代率。 4. CM策略跟BM策略不同之處僅在於有無調整機制，在風險乘數較高的情況下，調整機制對於風險降低有明顯幫助，但對風險乘數為0.1時，其調整機制反而增加了投資組合之波動性。 5. 隨著投資期間的拉長，除了TRR策略外，各策略之結果對所得替代率均有大幅成長。 另就費用與稅賦對投資型保險與「買定期險，差額直接投資在共同基金(Buy Term and Invest the Difference，BTID)」之影響並模擬分析。實證結果發現到只是轉換同基金公司之基金，則必須在投資標的數目較多下，投資型保險才有利基；但若是要轉換不同基金公司之基金，則只要每年轉換一次以上，投資型保險比起BTID策略較有優勢，隨著轉換次數增多及投資金額較大時，此優勢更加明顯；在正常課稅下，隨著投資金額增加，投資型保險帳戶的價值大於BTID策略之年度將遞減。 / This research aims to examine the most appropriate retiring asset allocation of the Variable product. Asset allocation is one of the most important factors to determine the return and risk of a portfolio. This research adopts five asset allocation strategies, including BH strategy, CM strategy, LCF strategy, LCR strategy and TRR strategy. With a given future return on four assets in four different investing durations, which are 20, 25, 30 and 35 years, the results of this current project demonstrates: 1. The likelihood to achieve replacement rate increases with higher risky asset. 2. The longer the period of one’s intended holding period, the less the value of the ending wealth for not pursuing the risky investment. 3. The pattern of these various strategies depends on the investing duration: For the LC strategy, one needs to invest 25 years at least in order to have higher replacement rate. For shorter investing duration, one is advised to choose the TRR strategy whereas the BH or the CM strategy is suitable for longer investing duration in order to attain higher replacement rate. 4. The only difference between the CM and the BM strategies lies in rebalancing. Rebalancing reduces the risk in the higher multiple situation but increases the risk in the lower multiple situation. 5. Except the TRR strategy, the replacement rates of other strategies significantly increased with the investing duration. The result of the analysis on the effects of cost and tax on Variable product and Buy Term and Invest the Difference (BTID) showed that, with more mutual funds, there are advantages when the transferring is within the same company. However, the advantages of Variable product are greater than the BTID strategy if the transferring is under different mutual fund companies. Further, with the increases of the transferring frequencies and the amount of the investing money, the advantages are greater. Under normal taxing and with the increase of the amount of the investing money, the duration of the value on the Variable product which is greater than that of BTID will decrease. That is, the value of the Variable product will be greater than that of the BTID within shorter investing period.