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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

投資型保險商品之最適退休資產配置分析

郭文偉 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究旨在討探投資型保險之最適退休資產配置,資產配置是決定一個投資組合的報酬與風險的最重要因素。本研究採取五種資產配置策略,包含了BH策略、CM策略、LCF、LCR策略及TRR策略,利用模擬四項投資標的之未來的投資報酬率,在給定之個案設計下進行投資期間分別20、25、30、35年模擬分析,研究結果發現: 1. 當風險性資產所佔之比重愈高對達成目標所得替代率之影響愈明顯, 2. 當投資期間愈長,其愈少投資在風險性資產之策略,在期末終值遠低於於持續持有較高風險資產。 3. 不同投資期間其不同策略在表現各有所不同,LC策略至少投資25年以上會有比較高的所得替代率,保守且投資期間較短的投資人可選擇TRR策略,較積極或投資期間較長的投資人可選擇BH或CM策略以達到較高的所得替代率。 4. CM策略跟BM策略不同之處僅在於有無調整機制,在風險乘數較高的情況下,調整機制對於風險降低有明顯幫助,但對風險乘數為0.1時,其調整機制反而增加了投資組合之波動性。 5. 隨著投資期間的拉長,除了TRR策略外,各策略之結果對所得替代率均有大幅成長。 另就費用與稅賦對投資型保險與「買定期險,差額直接投資在共同基金(Buy Term and Invest the Difference,BTID)」之影響並模擬分析。實證結果發現到只是轉換同基金公司之基金,則必須在投資標的數目較多下,投資型保險才有利基;但若是要轉換不同基金公司之基金,則只要每年轉換一次以上,投資型保險比起BTID策略較有優勢,隨著轉換次數增多及投資金額較大時,此優勢更加明顯;在正常課稅下,隨著投資金額增加,投資型保險帳戶的價值大於BTID策略之年度將遞減。 / This research aims to examine the most appropriate retiring asset allocation of the Variable product. Asset allocation is one of the most important factors to determine the return and risk of a portfolio. This research adopts five asset allocation strategies, including BH strategy, CM strategy, LCF strategy, LCR strategy and TRR strategy. With a given future return on four assets in four different investing durations, which are 20, 25, 30 and 35 years, the results of this current project demonstrates: 1. The likelihood to achieve replacement rate increases with higher risky asset. 2. The longer the period of one’s intended holding period, the less the value of the ending wealth for not pursuing the risky investment. 3. The pattern of these various strategies depends on the investing duration: For the LC strategy, one needs to invest 25 years at least in order to have higher replacement rate. For shorter investing duration, one is advised to choose the TRR strategy whereas the BH or the CM strategy is suitable for longer investing duration in order to attain higher replacement rate. 4. The only difference between the CM and the BM strategies lies in rebalancing. Rebalancing reduces the risk in the higher multiple situation but increases the risk in the lower multiple situation. 5. Except the TRR strategy, the replacement rates of other strategies significantly increased with the investing duration. The result of the analysis on the effects of cost and tax on Variable product and Buy Term and Invest the Difference (BTID) showed that, with more mutual funds, there are advantages when the transferring is within the same company. However, the advantages of Variable product are greater than the BTID strategy if the transferring is under different mutual fund companies. Further, with the increases of the transferring frequencies and the amount of the investing money, the advantages are greater. Under normal taxing and with the increase of the amount of the investing money, the duration of the value on the Variable product which is greater than that of BTID will decrease. That is, the value of the Variable product will be greater than that of the BTID within shorter investing period.
2

投資型保險消費者屬性分析及滿意度研究以A商業銀行為例 / Consumer profile and satisfactory of Unit-link product for a bank case

蔡燦煌, Tsai ,Tsan Huang Unknown Date (has links)
從1998年透過銀行通路銷售的壽險保單新契約保費市場佔有率僅1.5%,至2005年新契約保費已達2,031億元,市場佔有率更高達37.5%,短短幾年銀行保險業務成長爆發性亦又創下一台灣奇蹟;尤其近三年投資型保險在銀行通路發展迅速,銀行有多種投資型產品,是那些消費者喜歡購買投資型保險?不管在行銷上或是在金融業最重視之消費者滿意度都需大家要去了解,本研究動機在於提出一些看法及解決方式,也是基於實務銷售資料去分析了解消費者長相及滿意度,希望能對往後投資型保險行銷上有些參考價值。 根據本研究銀行分行購買投資型保險分析其客戶屬性: 投資型保險之平均保費與性別、年齡及區域是有差異化且彼此有顯著之交互作用,得到以下結論: 1. 被保險人性別,以女性購買為主,占62.85%。 2. 平均保費約為102.7萬,男生高於女生:109.1萬 > 99.3萬。 3. 被保險人年齡主要購買年齡為40歲至60歲,保費合計占54.94%,50歲以上的平均保費顯著高於整體平均保費,歸因於節遺產稅。 4. 以區域來看,北市的平均保費最高,高雄區最低。 5. 性別、年齡與區域彼此間有顯著的交互作用(p-value0.037<0.050) 另從投資型保險申購滿意度調查,我們從問卷的各選項中,依照統計方法找出與滿意度有顯著關係的項目,可得到以下結論: 1. 清楚找誰辦理手續:在研究之A銀行,客戶平均資產50萬以上就有專屬的理專服務,所以部份客戶有理專專人服務,ㄧ進分行就知道要找誰購買投資型保險,而有一些客戶沒有專人服務,ㄧ進去分行不知要去找誰,所以推測有可能被帶錯地方找錯人服務,因此可能花費較多的時間,所以「清楚找誰辦理手續」對於整體滿意度有顯著影響。 2. 清楚說明產品相關資訊:現在的消費者重視專業,尤其事涉消費者敏感財產增減,理專可不可以清楚說明產品相關資訊是很重要的。 3. 細心保護客人私人資料:在於A銀行會針對50萬以上的客戶提供ㄧ對ㄧ的服務,其他銷售通路及其他理專不能聯絡客戶,客戶的資料受到保護並不會受到過度及多人銷售之問題。 4. 各項作業處理速度快:現代人普遍耐性較差,對於作業處理速度是判斷專不專業之重要項目,所以節省時間也是影響滿意度的項目之一。 另外我們發現「答應的事都能做好」及「態度良好親切」的平均分數最高,卻對於整體購買滿意度沒有顯著相關,代表即使是服務態度很好,並不會提升消費者購買的滿意度,客戶在意的是專人服務、專業、個人隱私及作業速度快,所以確實在專業財富管理領域中”專業”才是最能勝出之武器。 綜合以上研究,保險公司需要充分了解不同通路特性推出適合的商品,使得投資型保險的客群更廣;保險公司也需與通路一起加強人員投資理財相關專業知識及行銷技能,提高客戶滿意度。 / The First year premium(FYP)in bancassurance channel market share is only 1.5% in 1998. It is NTD 203 billion and the market share is 37.5%. Bancassurance grows fast in the few year and make a Taiwan. Especially unit linked insurance grows fast in bancassurance channel. There are many kinds of unit linked insurance and what kinds of customers prefer to buy them? The purpose of the study is to provide some ideas and solutions based on customers’ profile and satisfaction from analysis of real sales data. We hope that it’s helpful for unit linked insurance marketing. According to the profile of customers who bought unit linked insurance in branches, there are difference among average premium, gender and living area, and there are significant intersection each other. The conclusion is: 1. Gender of the insured:The proportion of female is larger and it’s 62.5%. 2. Average premium is 1,027 thousand, male’s(1,091 thousand) is larger than female’s(99.3 thousand). 3. The age of the insured is mostly between 40 and 60 years old. Their total premium is about 54.94% of total premium. The average premium of the insured more than 50 years old is significantly larger than the average, and the reason is tax. 4. Living area:The average premium in Taipei is the highest and it’s lowest in Kaoshung. 5. There are significant intersection each other among gender, age and living area. (p-value0.037<0.050) From customer satisfaction survey in buying unit linked insurance, we use statistics method to find out the significant related items with satisfaction in all items in questionnaire. 1. specific service:In the A bank we surveyed, customers whose average AUM is larger than 500 thousand(called Wealth management customers) have one-to-one financial advisory service. When customers come in a branch, some of them know to contact with their financial advisor, but others do not know. It cost more time in their financial service. 2. clear explanation about products:Customers think that profession is very important now, especially it’s related to their growth of asset. It’s very important if their financial advisors can explain related information about the products. 3. customer data privacy:In the A bank we surveyed, wealth management customers just can be sold product by their specific financial advisor. Other financial advisors or other sales channel can not get their information. 4. speed in operation process:the speed in operation process is the key item to check profession. Saving time in process is the item related to satisfaction. In the other hand, we find out that the average scores of “well done in the bank’s promise” and “friendly” are the highest, but there are no significant related with satisfaction . It means that friendly service can not prove customer satisfaction in purchasing. Customers care about one-to one service, profession, personal privacy and speed in operation. So, “profession” is the key issue is wealth management field. Insurance companies should understand different characteristics for different channel. They can launch suitable products for them to get widely customers in unit linked insurance. They also need to strengthen investment related professional knowledge and sales skill to enhance customer satisfaction with their distributors.
3

投資型保險不當行銷民事救濟之研究-以保險人責任為中心-

陳人豪, Jen-Hao Chen Unknown Date (has links)
我國引進投資型保險後,可能產生何種消費糾紛?要保人如何於訴訟上主張權利?實乃亟待研究之問題。 本文蒐集日本、中國、美國之投資型保險不當行銷案例,並研究日本、美國要保人於訴訟上之救濟方式。發現不論是日本之「變額保險事件」、中國之「平安保險退保事件」、美國之代表性案例「保德信不當行銷案」,均是因業務員於行銷時就投資型保險之性質、功能不實說明或片面說明所引起。於日本,要保人主要依據侵權行為理論主張權利,法院並課予保險人說明義務,要求保險人於行銷時必須就投資型保險為一明確說明,日後並因消費者契約法與金融商品販售法,而得對保險人直接主張撤銷權與損害賠償請求權。於美國,則因投資型保險於美國定位為有價證券,要保人主要係依證券詐欺理論向保險人請求損害賠償。 若相同之案件發生於我國,要保人於法律上有何救濟基礎?與日本類似地,本文認為要保人唯有依侵權行為法(民法第一八四條第二項)方能對保戶有較完善保護。此外我國現行民事法律尚有三項缺失: □ 業務員過失不實說明,要保人卻無法撤銷契約 □ 若係經保險代理人之業務員投保,要保人即無法向保險人請求損害賠償 □ 無法基於業務員之口頭說明請求保險人履行契約 本文認為應修訂民法第二四五條之一、於保險法上增訂保險人之說明義務條文、引進適合性原則,以解決投資型保險不當行銷所引發之問題。
4

變額壽險與變額年金對消費者退休規劃之優劣比較

李豪, Lee,Hao Unknown Date (has links)
台灣人口結構老化的趨勢,老人漸漸變成另一種社會不受重視的邊緣人。近年來,由於科技神速發展,職場人員替換週期愈來愈短,許多仍健壯的授薪階級,在智慧與經驗方面雖臻成熟,卻不得不被迫從職場上退下來。最近兩三年來,全球資本主義整體化的併購行為以及中國大陸整體市場崛起連帶引響台灣產業經濟蕭條,更是快速增加了淘汰職場的人數,對於大部分需要依賴勞保及公司退休金制度的勞工階層而言,退休金嚴重不足的情況,更是令人焦慮沮喪。 主管機關為因應社會變遷趨勢,於2000年陸續起開放利率變動型年金與變額年金保險商品於市場銷售,為老年化人口之財務規劃打開另一扇門,年金商品以及投資型保險之觀念架構,為國內消費者提供了多元化保險商品的選擇,化解保險公司利差損的營運壓力,提供創新營運的契機,同時也為壽險從業人員開闢了專業的「全方位金融理財顧問」生涯規劃。 由於投資型保險商品具備保戶可自行執行帳戶價值投資策略之特性,對消費者而言帳戶價值相對於傳統壽險有更大的想像空間,年金型商品由初期著重於銀行定存利率連結概念之利率變動型年金發展至變額年金,兩類商品不約而同的取代了傳統壽險及儲蓄險,對於壽險公司長期經營而言也具有消弭了利差損的風險之營運價值,使得短短的6年之間(2000年-2006年) 傳統壽險,意外險,醫療險之首年度保費佔有率逐年降至40%(中華民國人壽保險公會保費速報 2006.07)。 而不論是投資型保險或年金型保險,在市場之行銷活動均強調資產累積與退休規劃,而在台灣市場兩類主力銷售商品亦存在重疊特質,如變動不保證利率之帳戶價值,帳戶價值提領之彈性,長期運用的理財工具,可單筆大額資金購買亦可分期繳納等特質,使得商品設計多樣化,行政費用收取方式各有不同,行銷訴求則是推陳出新,對消費者而言更不易辨析商品之費用、價格、功能之間所存在價值差異,本研究希望對變額壽險與變額年金兩種商品從消費者需求、商品特性價格與費用等三方面分析此兩種商品在退休規劃之優劣比較。
5

投資型保險稅制問題之研究

林裕凱, Lin, Yu Kai Unknown Date (has links)
本研究擬先釐清投資型保險商品之本質及其運作方式,次就我國現行法規及制度探討相關之賦稅議題,並參酌其他國家(美國、英國、日本)對於投資型保險之課稅規定,藉以歸納未來修法時可行之方案。並以問卷調查,瞭解受訪者(包括專家學者、稅務人員及保險從業人員)對現行制度及未來改革方向之看法與意見,俾能於符合國際潮流並兼顧租稅基本原則之前提下,對我國投資型保險商品相關之課稅問題提出合宜具體之建議。 經問卷結果發現,受訪者對投資型保險之第一印象以「分離帳戶之獲利程度」最為普遍,各項租稅優惠項目亦影響受訪者對其之購買意願;現行制度下,濫用租稅優惠之現象亦普遍存在,並與租稅公平性有所違背;本研究建議現階段以投資型保險分離帳戶之資產為賦稅改革方向。設立門檻法則,作為投資型人壽保險之保單能否適用租稅優惠之標準。 / First, this study is clarifies the nature and functioning of investment-linked insurance, Secondly, discussing the controversy under present regulations. And the income tax norm of the United States, the U.K. and Japan will be introduced in this study in order to derive the solution plans. Finally, in order to let the conclusion be based on the international trends and the principles of tax and offer the concrete proposals of tax reform. The study uses questionnaires to collect the opinions from experts, tax collector and insurance personnel. The results show that the first impression of investment-linked insurance for examinees is “the gains in separate account” in generality, and their purchase intention depends on the tax benefits of insurance. However, the present regulations violate the equity principle, the phenomenon of abusing of tax benefits of insurance is still common. Therefore, the study suggests that the assets in separate account should be taxed. Setting“The Corridor Rule” as the standard to evaluate whether the investment-linked life insurance contract can apply to tax benefits or not.
6

投資型保險「保險人」或「所投資標的發行公司」違反法律上義務請求損害賠償問題研究 / Study on regulation of variable life insurance

陳易聰, Chen, Yi Tsung Unknown Date (has links)
我國自2001年開放投資型保險之銷售以來,已經過10年的時間,期間文獻上對於投資型保險之探討甚多,惟多集中於監理法則之分析,少有論著對於投資型保險中要保人、保險人以及所連結的投資標的發行公司間之法律關係加以定性,並進一步分析此三者間之權利義務關係。無可否認的,投資型保險本質上亦為民事契約,因此在契約法上也有甚多可研究之處,是否應完全倚靠監理法來規制此種保險之銷售、運作,值得深思!若在契約法上能為投資型保險建立一套完整的遊戲規則,參與此一「賽局」的諸方均能依此規則而行,並在其違背規則時由他方予以懲罰,則無待政府公權力之介入,此有助於解決我國行政機關組織過度膨脹、權力過大的不當情況,且能助益於一個效率、自由的社會的建立。筆者在本論文中主要是藉由分析目前市面上之投資型保單條款,試圖為此一保險中各方關係加以定性,並從中探討各方權利義務關係,雖嫌疏漏,但望提供一個研究的可能性!
7

台灣投信的異業合作成長策略 / Taiwan Investment Trust's growth strategy

紀乃介 Unknown Date (has links)
證券投資信託事業於台灣已發展30多年,產業發展已逐漸步入成熟階段。從參與的公司家數來看,國內投信有37家,境外基金業者有79家,總計已核准的基金數高達1,651支基金,已進入百家爭鳴的狀態。從台灣整體基金規模的成長趨勢來看,也有成長動能降低的現象,其中國內投信整體規模的成長力道更低於境外基金公司,面對境外基金公司在銷售通路(銀行、券商等)的強勢行銷,國內投信公司在面臨基金規模不易成長的障礙上,勢必要開發新市場、新產品或者新的異業合作模式。 投資型保險商品的投資帳戶累積高達新台幣1.45兆元的部位,每年有穩定的續期保費投入,商品的特性之一是保戶要自行承擔投資帳戶的損益,不論從投資帳戶資金規模、保戶的投資需求及業務員產品售後需提供長期服務等等,國內投信業者可將此部份當成基金規模成長的新市場。 個案投信公司分析保險業務員在銷售投資型保險商品所面對的挑戰,分析自己公司與產業競爭者的優劣勢,提出保險業務員銷售投資型商品的解決方案,以達到新的異業合作模式、新產品及新市場的開發,使個案投信的規模成長有新的動能。
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解約率因素下附保證給付投資型保險的風險價差 / Risk bearing spreads of GMMB with lapse rates dependent on economic factors

潘冠宇 Unknown Date (has links)
近年來因市場波動劇烈, 保險公司紛紛推出的「附保證投資型保單」, 給 予保戶在投資上的保證。然而, 附最低給付保證條件卻使得保險公司必須面 對更大的核保與財務風險。所以計算出附有最低保證條件商品的保費就顯 得格外地重要。 傳統附保證保單在訂價時,都是假設固定己知的脫退率,因為他們認為 脫退率的變化不會是影響保單價值的主因。但在Mary hardy 所著的《Investment Guarantees》一書中page 96 特別提到脫退風險: Withdrawals are more problematic. Withdrawals are, to some extent, related to the investment experience, and the withdrawal risk is, therefore, not fully diversifiable. 因此, 本文希望透過建立受經濟因子影響的解約率模型,來得到附保證保險 的風險價差。 本文考慮附保證滿期給付投資型商品(GMMB),並且使用 Heston (1993) 提出的財務市場模型以及參考Mercurio (1996,2001) 評價投資型保險之風 險承擔價差方法, 使用效用函數來描述保險契約雙方之風險趨避程度。同 時根據Kolkiewicz & Tan (2006) 假設受經濟因子的危險比率模型(hazard rate model), 來反映出資產的平均波動程度會影響保戶的脫退率。最後以 情境方式分別模擬5、10及15年到期的附保證最低滿期投資型保險之風險 價差。本研究推導之模型主要得出下列結果: (1) 保單期間愈長, 價差愈大。 (2) 價外賣權的價差高於價內。(3) 風險規避程度越高買賣價差越大。(4) 脫 退率受經濟影響愈深, 保單的買賣價差愈大。(5) 當保險公司所保證的價格 愈高時, 價差的影響愈大。 / With the fluctuation in the financial market in 2008, insurance company provided the consumers with equity-linked life insurances embedded guarantees. On the other hand, there are more risk in the financial literacy and underwriting performance of the insurance company. It is especially important to calculate the premium of the contract embedded investment guarantee properly . Traditional method of pricing the contract embedded investment guarantee was assumed that lapse rate was known, because product providers believed lapse rate was not a major factor to price the contract. However, Mary hardy’s ”Investment Guarantees” page 96 specifically mentions about the lapse rate risk: Withdrawls are more problematic. Withdrawals are, to some extent ,related to the investment experience, and the withdrawal risk is, therefore, not fully diversifiable. So this article will found the model of lapse rate dependent on economic factors and further get the fair value of one kind of a contract embedded guarantee: GMMB. We will build a financial model introduced by Heston (1993) and use the methodology provided by Mercurio (1996,2001) to price the risk bearing gap of a contract embedded guarantee with utility function to depict the risk averse level between investors . And we have lapse rates affected from the fluctuation of the implying asset which is the hazard rate model used by Kolkiewicz & Tan (2006). Finally, we will simulate a set of scenarios to present the Risk bearing spreads of equity-linked life insurance embedded guarantees whose term are 5、10 and 15 years. The following are the consequences I got: (1) The longer the duration, the larger the spread. (2) The spread out of money is larger than that in the money. (3) The higher the risk aversion, the larger the buy-ask spread. (4) The deeper the influence of economy on the lapse rate, the larger the buy-ask spread. (5) The higher guarantee price insurer offer, the deeper the spread affect.
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論投資型保險之監理 / Study on Regulation of Investment Linked Insurance

陳雅正 Unknown Date (has links)
為保險業跨業經營預先佈局、增加保單持有人之投資選擇權及因應市場利率之低糜,我國擬於近日推出投資型保險,然而投資型保險基於其特有之性質,其監理自應與一般傳統型保險有所不同。本文先就投資型保險作一定義,並論述其性質及特色,次敘述其歷史發展沿革,再予以介紹其主要之種類。而關於投資型保險監理部分,一般來說,保險監理可分為財務監理及業務監理二部分,本文即依循此二面向分別作一探討。就財務監理部分而言,分就分離帳戶之規範、資金運用規範、責任準備金提存之規範、解約金之規範及稅賦規範五個議題作分析探討,再行提出建議。另一方面,就業務監理部分而言,則分就經營資格規範、資訊揭露規範、商品規範及銷售規範四個議題作分析探討,再行提出建議;最後總結全文以提出結論並針對我國投資型保險之監理提出建議。 / For facilitating of cross-business operation of the insurance industry, increasing policyholders’ choices in financial services, and shifting attach of interest risk, investment linked insurance products will introduced into the Taiwan insurance market soon. Based on it’s special features, the regulation of investment linked insurance should be different from the regulation of traditional life insurance. This paper defines the scope of investment linked insurance and discourses it’s nature and special features in the first place, and then describes it’s historical evolution and main types. In terms of insurance regulation, it is generally divided into two broad categories: i.e. financial regulation and market conduct regulation. This paper studies on the issues of regulation of investment linked insurance in such an approach. With regard to financial regulation of investment linked insurance, five aspects of regulation of investment linked insurance are examined: separate accounts, investments, liability reserves, surrender cash value and tax. With regard to market conduct regulation, this paper includes four aspects: operational qualification, information discourse, products and marketing. Finally the author submits his conclusion and recommendations to the regulatory authority to enhance the framework of regulation of investment linked insurance in Taiwan.
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附有最低保證給付投資型保險之評價與分析

曾柏方, Tseng, Po-fang Unknown Date (has links)
有鑑於附有最低保證給付投資型保險期末現金流量與選擇權如出一轍,是以應用平賭訂價理論(The Martingale Pricing Method)嵌入HJM利率模型,對隨機利率下附有最低保證給付投資型保險進行評價。並對繳費方式與利率型態兩議題所構成四種類型附有最低保證給付投資型保險作實地數據模擬與評價,以及敏感度分析。 研究結果可以歸納為四點結論。 (1) 單就附有最低保證給付投資型保險簡化版(忽略期中死亡理賠與期滿生存機率)而言: 可視為是最低保證給付折現與以之為履約價的買權組合。因此,當影響因子僅與買權有相關性時,附有最低保證給付投資型保險與理論買權的敏感度分析結果,如出一轍。連動標的期初價格與波動度變動於附有最低保證給付投資型保險影響便是實證。 (2) 延續上點論述衍生: 當影響因子同時對買權與附有最低保證給付折現具有相關性時,由於買權佔整個保險價值比重過低,是以主要影響力皆來自附有最低保證給付的變動。附有最低保證給付與固定利率折現因子變動對於保險價值影響,即反應此結果。 (3) 分別就繳費方式不同下,投保年齡與投保期限變動對於附有最低保證給付投資保險的影響而言: 躉繳型繳費方式下,由第二點結論可得,投保期限越長保費越低,是以當投保年齡越大,期中死亡率提高,且期間短的保費較高的情況下,投保年齡變動對於附有最低保證給付投資型保險影響為正向;分期繳型繳費方式下,由於條款設定不同,無法與躉繳型一概而論,反映在投保期間越長保單價值與保費皆增加,但若是比較其增加的幅度(二階條件小於零)逐漸減少,倒是與躉繳型投資保險投保期間與保費關係意思相同,只是呈現方式不同。分期繳型投資型保險保單價值與投保年齡關係,從投保期限與保費關係以及高年齡層死亡率較高,可以得知,隨著投保年齡的增加,分期繳型投資保險中因為死亡理賠的現金流量產生機會提高,而此部分期間短保單價值較低,是以投保年齡與保單價值呈現反比關係,但是保單價值平準化後的保費,源於平準因子每期存活率因投保年齡增加而減少,造成投保年齡越高,保費也越高。 (4) 就性別而言: 躉繳型附有最低保證給付投資保險,由於女性相較於男性死亡率較低,容易取得期間較長的期滿保證金,而此部分價值較低,是以女生保費較男生便宜;分期繳型附有最低保證給付投資保險,則是相反的表現,由於此部分價值較高,是以女性的保險價值高於男性,同時因女性平準因子中的存活率也比男性高,是以每期所要繳交的保費也比男性低廉。 (5) 就利率型態而言: 隨機利率下躉繳型投資型保險與固定利率下躉繳型投資保險相較,便宜許多,主要是因為利率型態為隨機,且期初利率期間結構打破水平狀態的假設,真實反應正常期初利率期間結構(Normal Interest Rate Term Structure),是以評價出的保費較固定利率型態下的保費低廉,甚至於分期繳型附有最低保證給付投資保險,在隨機利率下,隨著投保期限增加,保費反而下降。

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