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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Economic Feasibility Photovoltaic/Diesel/Battery Hybrid Power Syatems to replace stand-alone diesel generators in off-grid remote areas of Zambia

Kapambwe, Elias January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
12

Solidificação direcional da superliga MAR-M247 modificada com Nióbio: processamento e caracterizações microestruturais e mecânicas / Directional solidification of niobium modified MAR-M247 superalloy: processing, microstructural and mechanical characterization

Costa, Alex Matos da Silva 27 February 2014 (has links)
A proposta da modificação química da superliga MAR-M247 através da substituição do Ta pelo Nb (em átomos) foi baseada nas seguintes informações: (1) O Nb desempenha funções muita parecidas com as do Ta nas superligas à base de Ni, como endurecedor via solução sólida da fase ? e elemento formador de fases secundárias (?? e carbonetos); (2) O Brasil tem as maiores reservas de Nb do mundo e (3) O Nb já é adicionado em diversas classes de superligas à base de Ni - fundidas convencionalmente e solidificadas direcionalmente e monocristalinas. Neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi de avaliar a viabilidade da substituição do Ta pelo Nb na superliga à base de Ni MAR-M247. As amostras da MAR-M247 e da liga modificada - MAR-M247[Nb] utilizadas na caracterização microestrutural foram obtidas por solidificação direcional no forno a vácuo do tipo forno Bridgman (Lab. de Solidificação/FEM-UNICAMP) nas seguintes condições de processamento: v = 5, 10 e 18 cm/h e G = 80°C/cm. As simulações de cálculo termodinâmico utilizando o programa Thermo-Calc foram realizadas com o objetivo de se avaliar se as temperaturas de transformação mudariam com a substituição do Ta pelo Nb. Para avaliação das propriedades mecânicas em alta temperatura e a estabilidade estrutural da superliga MAR-M247[Nb] foram realizados ensaios de fluência a 750 e 850 °C nas tensões de 840, 780 e 440 MPa. A estabilidade microestrutural da MAR-M247[Nb] foi testada por meio de ensaios de oxidação isotérmica a 1000 °C no intervalo de tempo de 30 minutos a 100 h. A substituição do Ta pelo Nb promoveu mudanças significativas principalmente nas temperaturas de formação do eutético ?/??, solvus - ?? e de fusão incipiente. As microestruturas das ligas após os experimentos de solidificação direcional a v = 5, 10 e 18 cm/h eram constituídas por dendritas da fase gama - ? e precipitados coerentes da fase gama linha - ?? (morfologia cuboidal). Na região interdendrítica da MAR-M247 e MAR-M247[Nb] solidificadas a v = 5 e 10 cm/h foram encontrados os eutéticos ?/?? e ?/Ni5(Hf,Zr). Na v = 18 cm/h a região interdendrítica era constituída apenas do eutético ?/??. A exposição a 1250 °C por 15 e 30 dias promoveu a decomposição total e a re-precipitação de carbonetos do tipo MC. No entanto, devido à contaminação por oxigênio e nitrogênio durante os tratamento térmicos, não foi atingido o equilíbrio termodinâmico em decorrência de mudanças das composições dos carbonetos MC. Nos ensaios de fluência a 750 °C, os tempos de ruptura foram de 49 h para MAR-M247 e de 39,4 h para MAR-M247[Nb] apesar dos elevados valores das tensões terem sido superestimados. A 850 °C o tempo de ruptura da MAR-M247[Nb] (trup = 359 horas) foi reduzido em 32 % em relação ao valor observado para MAR-M247 (trup = 476 horas). Os resultados dos ensaios de oxidação a 1000 °C da superliga MAR-M247[Nb] mostraram que o período transiente foi de 20 h com ganho de massa expressivo. A partir de 50 h o efeito do descolamento das camadas oxidadas durante o resfriamento das amostras foi significativo e promoveu uma variação de massa importante no intervalo de tempo de 50 a 100 h. Ensaios de oxidação em tempos mais longo deverão ser feitos para determinação da estrutura de formação das camadas e seus respectivos constituintes. / The chemistry modification in the Ni-based superalloy MAR-M247 through the replacing all Ta by Nb was based on in these statements: (1) Nb does the same function in Ni-based superalloys as Ta does, solid solution strenghtening and ?? e carbides element formers, (2) Brazil has the major ores of Nb in the world and (3) Nb has been added in all classes of Ni superalloy conventional casting, columnar and single crystal processed by directional solidification. In this study the main focus was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing Ta by Nb in the Ni - based superalloy MAR-M247. The samples of MAR-M247 and the Nb modified MAR-M247[Nb] were produced by directional solidification in a Bridgman vacuum furnace at the Solidification Research Lab/FEM - UNICAMP) in the following processing conditions: v = 5, 10 and 18 cm/h and G = 80 °C/cm. The thermodynamic simulations using Thermo-Calc program were performed to evaluate whether or not the transformation temperatures would change with the replacing of Ta by Nb. For the evaluation of mechanical properties at high temperature were performed creep rupture tests at 750 and 850 °C under the stress values of 840, 780 and 440 MPa. The isotermal oxidation tests at 1000 °C were done during the time interval of 30 min to 100 h. The replacing of Ta by Nb promoted some changes in eutectic-?/??, ??-solvus and incipient melting temperatures. After the directional solidification experiments at the v = 5, 10 and 18 cm/h the microstructural characterization has shown that for all condition the microstructures were composed by dendrites - ? and ?? - cuboidal precipitates in it. In the interdendritic region was observe the ?/?? and ?/Ni5(Hf,Zr) eutectics for v = 5 and 10 cm/h and only the ?/?? eutectics for v = 18 cm/h. The exposure at 1250 °C for the extended times promoted the formation of fine MC carbides but the equilibrium compositions have not been achieved due to the oxygen and nitrogen contamination. In the creep rupture tests at 750 °C the MAR-M247[Nb] have shown more shorter lifetime than the MAR-M247 even with overestimated tensile stress. At 850 °C the lifetime for MAR-M247[Nb] (trup = 359 h) was reduced by 32 % compared to the MAR-M247 (trup = 476 h). It was discussed that the changes in the composition of the ? phase induced Ta by Nb replacing which would led to the weakness of matrix in the MAR-M247[Nb]. The samples were oxidized at 1000 °C showed 20 h to the transient period and significant weight gain in that time. However at the extended period the weight gain had changed significantly and was precluded to predict the structure formation of oxides layer properly.
13

Solidificação direcional da superliga MAR-M247 modificada com Nióbio: processamento e caracterizações microestruturais e mecânicas / Directional solidification of niobium modified MAR-M247 superalloy: processing, microstructural and mechanical characterization

Alex Matos da Silva Costa 27 February 2014 (has links)
A proposta da modificação química da superliga MAR-M247 através da substituição do Ta pelo Nb (em átomos) foi baseada nas seguintes informações: (1) O Nb desempenha funções muita parecidas com as do Ta nas superligas à base de Ni, como endurecedor via solução sólida da fase ? e elemento formador de fases secundárias (?? e carbonetos); (2) O Brasil tem as maiores reservas de Nb do mundo e (3) O Nb já é adicionado em diversas classes de superligas à base de Ni - fundidas convencionalmente e solidificadas direcionalmente e monocristalinas. Neste trabalho o objetivo principal foi de avaliar a viabilidade da substituição do Ta pelo Nb na superliga à base de Ni MAR-M247. As amostras da MAR-M247 e da liga modificada - MAR-M247[Nb] utilizadas na caracterização microestrutural foram obtidas por solidificação direcional no forno a vácuo do tipo forno Bridgman (Lab. de Solidificação/FEM-UNICAMP) nas seguintes condições de processamento: v = 5, 10 e 18 cm/h e G = 80°C/cm. As simulações de cálculo termodinâmico utilizando o programa Thermo-Calc foram realizadas com o objetivo de se avaliar se as temperaturas de transformação mudariam com a substituição do Ta pelo Nb. Para avaliação das propriedades mecânicas em alta temperatura e a estabilidade estrutural da superliga MAR-M247[Nb] foram realizados ensaios de fluência a 750 e 850 °C nas tensões de 840, 780 e 440 MPa. A estabilidade microestrutural da MAR-M247[Nb] foi testada por meio de ensaios de oxidação isotérmica a 1000 °C no intervalo de tempo de 30 minutos a 100 h. A substituição do Ta pelo Nb promoveu mudanças significativas principalmente nas temperaturas de formação do eutético ?/??, solvus - ?? e de fusão incipiente. As microestruturas das ligas após os experimentos de solidificação direcional a v = 5, 10 e 18 cm/h eram constituídas por dendritas da fase gama - ? e precipitados coerentes da fase gama linha - ?? (morfologia cuboidal). Na região interdendrítica da MAR-M247 e MAR-M247[Nb] solidificadas a v = 5 e 10 cm/h foram encontrados os eutéticos ?/?? e ?/Ni5(Hf,Zr). Na v = 18 cm/h a região interdendrítica era constituída apenas do eutético ?/??. A exposição a 1250 °C por 15 e 30 dias promoveu a decomposição total e a re-precipitação de carbonetos do tipo MC. No entanto, devido à contaminação por oxigênio e nitrogênio durante os tratamento térmicos, não foi atingido o equilíbrio termodinâmico em decorrência de mudanças das composições dos carbonetos MC. Nos ensaios de fluência a 750 °C, os tempos de ruptura foram de 49 h para MAR-M247 e de 39,4 h para MAR-M247[Nb] apesar dos elevados valores das tensões terem sido superestimados. A 850 °C o tempo de ruptura da MAR-M247[Nb] (trup = 359 horas) foi reduzido em 32 % em relação ao valor observado para MAR-M247 (trup = 476 horas). Os resultados dos ensaios de oxidação a 1000 °C da superliga MAR-M247[Nb] mostraram que o período transiente foi de 20 h com ganho de massa expressivo. A partir de 50 h o efeito do descolamento das camadas oxidadas durante o resfriamento das amostras foi significativo e promoveu uma variação de massa importante no intervalo de tempo de 50 a 100 h. Ensaios de oxidação em tempos mais longo deverão ser feitos para determinação da estrutura de formação das camadas e seus respectivos constituintes. / The chemistry modification in the Ni-based superalloy MAR-M247 through the replacing all Ta by Nb was based on in these statements: (1) Nb does the same function in Ni-based superalloys as Ta does, solid solution strenghtening and ?? e carbides element formers, (2) Brazil has the major ores of Nb in the world and (3) Nb has been added in all classes of Ni superalloy conventional casting, columnar and single crystal processed by directional solidification. In this study the main focus was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing Ta by Nb in the Ni - based superalloy MAR-M247. The samples of MAR-M247 and the Nb modified MAR-M247[Nb] were produced by directional solidification in a Bridgman vacuum furnace at the Solidification Research Lab/FEM - UNICAMP) in the following processing conditions: v = 5, 10 and 18 cm/h and G = 80 °C/cm. The thermodynamic simulations using Thermo-Calc program were performed to evaluate whether or not the transformation temperatures would change with the replacing of Ta by Nb. For the evaluation of mechanical properties at high temperature were performed creep rupture tests at 750 and 850 °C under the stress values of 840, 780 and 440 MPa. The isotermal oxidation tests at 1000 °C were done during the time interval of 30 min to 100 h. The replacing of Ta by Nb promoted some changes in eutectic-?/??, ??-solvus and incipient melting temperatures. After the directional solidification experiments at the v = 5, 10 and 18 cm/h the microstructural characterization has shown that for all condition the microstructures were composed by dendrites - ? and ?? - cuboidal precipitates in it. In the interdendritic region was observe the ?/?? and ?/Ni5(Hf,Zr) eutectics for v = 5 and 10 cm/h and only the ?/?? eutectics for v = 18 cm/h. The exposure at 1250 °C for the extended times promoted the formation of fine MC carbides but the equilibrium compositions have not been achieved due to the oxygen and nitrogen contamination. In the creep rupture tests at 750 °C the MAR-M247[Nb] have shown more shorter lifetime than the MAR-M247 even with overestimated tensile stress. At 850 °C the lifetime for MAR-M247[Nb] (trup = 359 h) was reduced by 32 % compared to the MAR-M247 (trup = 476 h). It was discussed that the changes in the composition of the ? phase induced Ta by Nb replacing which would led to the weakness of matrix in the MAR-M247[Nb]. The samples were oxidized at 1000 °C showed 20 h to the transient period and significant weight gain in that time. However at the extended period the weight gain had changed significantly and was precluded to predict the structure formation of oxides layer properly.
14

Návrh výsuvné manipulační platformy mobilního robotu / Design of an extensible platform for mobile robot

Šumšal, Zdeněk January 2017 (has links)
This thesis is about the design of the telescopic platform. which should be fasten on robot called Breach. Purpose of this platform is to carry another equipment like sensors, cameras or manipulator. The platform has to provide chiefly the high demands on load capacity. Another part of the thesis is design of mechanism placed on this telescopic platform, or just on the robot Breach. This mechanism has to load up small subject on the top part of the platform and then unload it on chosen place. Only thing defined for this subjekt is maximal weight of 2 kilograms, but other parameters aren´t specified. Construction is therefore focused on maximal versatility of this mechanism.
15

Le service minimum et les services essentiels : étude française confrontée au droit québécois

Fontaine, Laurence Léa 11 1900 (has links)
"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (L.L.D)" / II n'existe plus de grève dans les services publics sans que soit evoqué, voire réclamé ou exigé le service minimum. Le droit français n'offre qu'une législation très parcellaire et floue en la matière. Malgré de nombreuses propositions de loi, le législateur fait preuve d'inertie. Cette attitude s'explique notamment par la grande difficulté technique de la tâche imposant de concilier les deux principes de valeur constitutionnelle que sont le droit de grève et la continuité des services publics. Cette étude tend a mettre en exergue les interrogations relatives au service minimum et s'efforce de déceler la solution qui serait la mieux adaptée dans le système juridique français. Afin de donner plus de relief à la recherche, le choix a été fait de l'aborder en s'inspirant du droit étranger. Le modèle choisi est originaire du Canada, et plus exactement du Québec. II bénéficie d'un recul d'une vingtaine d'années et offre de ce fait, une expérience riche d'enseignements. La création d'un service minimum applicable aux services publics exige une analyse tant de la notion que de sa mise en ceuvre. Concrètement, iI s'agit d'identifier les fondements du service minimum, de délimiter son champ d'application mais aussi de le définir en termes qualitatif et quantitatif, d'envisager sa mise en ceuvre par la voie négociée avec des acteurs spécifiques et de présenter les moyens permettant d'assurer son effectivité. / Every public sector strike brings up the question of a need for a skeleton service. In this area French law is extremely fragmentary and vague. In spite of numerous attempts to introduce legislation no law has been voted. The main reason has been the considerable technical difficulty in reconciling the two basic constitutional principles ofthe right to strike and the continuity of public services. This study brings into focus the problems and questions arising from the idea of a skeleton service and attempts to identify the most practical solution in the context of French law. To give clearer defmition to the study, the Quebec legislation in this field was used as a model. It has been in force for twenty years and this offers many practical lessons. Setting up a skeleton service in the public sector has to be based on an accurate definition of the notion itself as well as its concrete application. Its underlying principles and field of application have to be defined. Qualitative and quantitative aspects, bargain procedures and partners, necessary resources, all have to be identified.
16

Le service minimum et les services essentiels : étude française confrontée au droit québécois

Fontaine, Laurence Léa 11 1900 (has links)
II n'existe plus de grève dans les services publics sans que soit evoqué, voire réclamé ou exigé le service minimum. Le droit français n'offre qu'une législation très parcellaire et floue en la matière. Malgré de nombreuses propositions de loi, le législateur fait preuve d'inertie. Cette attitude s'explique notamment par la grande difficulté technique de la tâche imposant de concilier les deux principes de valeur constitutionnelle que sont le droit de grève et la continuité des services publics. Cette étude tend a mettre en exergue les interrogations relatives au service minimum et s'efforce de déceler la solution qui serait la mieux adaptée dans le système juridique français. Afin de donner plus de relief à la recherche, le choix a été fait de l'aborder en s'inspirant du droit étranger. Le modèle choisi est originaire du Canada, et plus exactement du Québec. II bénéficie d'un recul d'une vingtaine d'années et offre de ce fait, une expérience riche d'enseignements. La création d'un service minimum applicable aux services publics exige une analyse tant de la notion que de sa mise en ceuvre. Concrètement, iI s'agit d'identifier les fondements du service minimum, de délimiter son champ d'application mais aussi de le définir en termes qualitatif et quantitatif, d'envisager sa mise en ceuvre par la voie négociée avec des acteurs spécifiques et de présenter les moyens permettant d'assurer son effectivité. / Every public sector strike brings up the question of a need for a skeleton service. In this area French law is extremely fragmentary and vague. In spite of numerous attempts to introduce legislation no law has been voted. The main reason has been the considerable technical difficulty in reconciling the two basic constitutional principles ofthe right to strike and the continuity of public services. This study brings into focus the problems and questions arising from the idea of a skeleton service and attempts to identify the most practical solution in the context of French law. To give clearer defmition to the study, the Quebec legislation in this field was used as a model. It has been in force for twenty years and this offers many practical lessons. Setting up a skeleton service in the public sector has to be based on an accurate definition of the notion itself as well as its concrete application. Its underlying principles and field of application have to be defined. Qualitative and quantitative aspects, bargain procedures and partners, necessary resources, all have to be identified. / "Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (L.L.D)"

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