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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

The impact of gaming on Minnesota tribal nations : the case of the Mille Lacs band of Ojibwe, 1976-2016 / Les conséquences du jeu indien sur les nations tribales du Minnesota : le cas de la tribu Ojibwe de Mille Lacs, 1976-2016

Laurent, Caroline 09 December 2016 (has links)
Ces trente dernières années témoignent de changements significatifs en terre indienne depuis l'arrivée des casinos amérindiens. Le travail présenté ici se concentre sur une tribu du Minnesota, la tribu des Ojibwe de Mille lacs, et étudie son évolution depuis 1991, date de l'ouverture de son premier casino. L'histoire du jeu indien aux États-Unis et la situation d'autres tribus du Minnesota sont aussi présentées afin de donner davantage de profondeur à l'argumentation qui démontre que le jeu indien a eu un impact conséquent non seulement sur les conditions de vie des tribus, mais aussi sur leur souveraineté et leur force. Les choix tribaux incluent le recrutement de lobbyistes et d'avocats efficaces qui promeuvent les droits tribaux à la fois au niveau législatif (au Congrès américain) et au niveau judiciaire maintenant que les tribus peuvent se défendre avec des moyens décuplés. Les taux de chômage et de pauvreté ont baissé sur de nombreuses réserves, et les tribus donnent la priorité à l'éducation, en construisant de nouvelles écoles, à la santé, avec de nouvelles cliniques, et à la préservation culturelle (stages de langue, musées, centres culturels). Malgré la menace d'assimilation que les casinos représentent, ils ont donné aux tribus les moyens d'être plus autonomes dans leurs choix et les ont aidées à redéfinir leur identité contemporaine. En trois décennies, les casinos ont créé une nouvelle image de l'Amérique indienne. / The past thirty years have seen significant changes taking place in Indian Country following the advent of Native American casinos. This work focuses on one Minnesota tribe, the Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe, and studies its evolution since 1991, when its first casino opened. The history of Indian gaming in the United States and the situation of other Minnesota tribes are also presented to give more depth to the argumentation which demonstrates that gaming has had a substantial impact not only on the living conditions of tribal people, but also on Native American sovereignty and strength. Tribal choices include the hiring of efficient lobbyists and lawyers to promote tribal rights bath on the U.S. legislative level (Congress) and on a judiciary one now that tribes can defend themselves through effective means. Unemployment and poverty levels have dropped on many reservations, and tribes give priority to education, through the building of new schools, health, with new clinics, and cultural preservation (language tables, museums, cultural centers). Despite the assimilative threat casinos represent, they have empowered tribes to be more autonomous in their choices and helped them redefine their contemporary identity. In three decades, gaming has created a new representation of Native America.
152

[en] A STUDY ON COMPUTACIONAL RESOURCE RESERVATION AT USER LEVEL / [pt] UM ESTUDO SOBRE RESERVA DE RECURSOS COMPUTACIONAIS NO NÍVEL DO USUÁRIO

VALERIA QUADROS DOS REIS 23 September 2010 (has links)
[pt] A forma como a Computação é realizada está mudando devido à grande capacidade de processamento, armazenamento e comunicação que equipamentos computacionais apresentam atualmente. Cenários de compartilhamento de recursos, onde um único servidor físico é compartilhado entre diferentes aplicações, muitas vezes hospedadas em diversos domínios virtuais, têm se tornado comuns, mas demandam esforços para que o isolamento de desempenho de cada aplicação seja garantido como se ela fosse a única a ser localmente executada. Baseado nesse fato, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em investigar técnicas para a provisão de reservas de recursos, garantindo, consequentemente, qualidade de serviço (QoS) e isolamento de desempenho às aplicações. A fim de atender ambientes onde o uso de extensões de sistemas operacionais ou o uso de virtualização são indevidos ou inapropriados, a investigação contempla o estudo da viabilidade e efetividade de reservas realizadas no nível do usuário, ou seja, sem que instrumentações no núcleo do sistema operacional sejam necessárias. Para isso, implementamos uma ferramenta capaz de limitar e garantir o uso dos recursos de processamento e disco, utilizando somente primitivas providas pelo Sistema Operacional Linux. Entre outras funcionalidades, essa ferramenta apresenta facilidades para a extensão das políticas de escalonamento, o que atribui a ela flexibilidade na forma como os recursos são compartilhados entre os processos. Com a análise de uso da ferramenta, foi possível identificar as vantagens e limitações das técnicas de gerenciamento utilizadas. Como um estudo de caso da ferramenta implementada, parametrizamos reservas para uma aplicação de três camadas com metas de desempenho e verificamos que, mesmo para aplicações complexas, métodos simples tais como a regressão linear são capazes de predizer o uso de recursos com uma baixa margem de erro. / [en] The way computing is done today is changing as a result of the everincreasing processing, storage, and communication capacities of modern computer hardware. Resource sharing scenarios, in which a physical server is shared for different applications, are becoming much more common. These scenarios require special attention to guarantee that the performance isolation of each application is carried out exactly as if it were being locally executed. Based on this situation, the present work aims at investigating techniques for providing resource reservations and thus guaranteeing quality of service (QoS) and performance isolation for applications. Considering environments in which the use of operating system extensions or the use of virtualization are unreasonable or inappropriate, this work investigates the viability and effectiveness of reservations done at user level, that is, reservations guaranteed with no operating system kernel instrumentation. For this purpose, we have implemented a tool that limits and ensures the proper usage of processing and disk bandwidth resources through the exclusive use of Linux Operating System primitives, which, among other functions, permits easy scheduling policy extensions. This feature enables flexibility in how resources are shared among distinct processes. Through tool usage analysis, we have identified the advantages and limitations of the techniques used. For a case study, aiming to achieve some specific performance goals, we have established parameter reservations for a three-tier application. We were able to verify that, even for complex applications, simple methodologies like linear regressions are capable of predicting resource usage with a low margin of error.
153

Efficient Bandwidth Reservation Strategies for Data Movements on High Performance Networks

Zuo, Liudong 01 August 2015 (has links)
Many next-generation e-science applications require fast and reliable transfer of large volumes of data, now frequently termed as ``big data", with guaranteed performance, which is typically enabled by the bandwidth reservation service in high-performance networks (HPNs). Users normally specify the properties and requirements of their data transfers in the bandwidth reservation requests (BRRs), and want to make bandwidth reservations on the HPNs to satisfy the requirements of their data transfers. The challenges of the bandwidth reservation arise from the requirements desired by both the users and the bandwidth reservation service providers of the HPNs. We focus on two important bandwidth reservation problems formulated from the combinations of the requirements from both users and the bandwidth reservation service providers of the HPNs: (i) Problem of scheduling all BRRs in one batch while achieving their best average data transfer earliest completion time and shortest duration, and (ii) Problem of scheduling two generic types of BRRs concerning data transfer reliability with different objectives and constraints in unreliable HPNs that are subject to node and link failures. We prove the two subproblems of the first problem are NP-complete problems, and fast and efficient heuristic algorithms are proposed. While the two subproblems of the second problem can be optimally solved in polynomial time. The corresponding optimal algorithms and proofs are given. We conduct extensive simulations to compare the performance of the proposed heuristic and optimal algorithms with naive scheduling algorithms and the algorithms currently used in production network in various performance metrics. The performance superiority of the proposed heuristic and optimal algorithms is verified.
154

Le patrimoine immatériel des collectivités territoriales : Protection et réservation / Immaterial property of local authorities : protection and reservation

Valerian, Benjamin 04 July 2017 (has links)
Le patrimoine immatériel des collectivités territoriales pose des questions particulières, qui ne sauraient se réduire à celles qui se posent pour le patrimoine immatériel de l’Etat. Il oblige à s’interroger sur la redéfinition de certains concepts centraux du droit administratif des biens, que la doctrine croyait acquis et que tout le monde pensait connaître. Par exemple, la notion d’actif immatériel révèle très clairement les limites matérielles de la propriété publique. Mais plus encore, l’approche immatérielle révèle aussi les limites de la notion de patrimoine public elle-même. Ce patrimoine, n’est plus simplement composé de ce que possèdent les collectivités territoriales, mais aussi de ce qui les constitue. Dès lors, il accueille en son sein des thèmes liés au nom des collectivités, ou encore, à la protection de leurs savoir-faire. Très vite se pose à leur sujet la question des mécanismes de réservation : la propriété publique suffit-elle à cette réservation ? Avec des problématiques liées au patrimoine linguistique ou culturel, le sujet invite à se placer sur un terrain encore inconnu en droit public qui va bien au-delà du seul aspect patrimonial. S’il semble encore trop tôt pour parler en la matière d’approche extrapatrimoniale, force est de constater qu’une réflexion sur des mécanismes de réservation en dehors de la propriété publique s’impose. Par conséquent, avec l’évolution du droit de propriété publique vers l’immatériel et la question sous-jacente d’un « droit public de la propriété intellectuelle », de même qu’avec la question d’un droit des personnes publiques, sommes-nous en train d’assister à la construction discrète et encore hésitante d’un droit de l’immatériel public ? / The immaterial property of local authorities is specific and cannot be reduce to the immaterial property of the State. Some notions of public property law of goods must be define again, whereas the doctrine thought about it, that everything is acquired, and everybody thought to know. For instance, the notion of immaterial good reveals limitations of public property law. Furthermore, immaterial approach reveals also the limitations of the notion of property itself. This property is not simply made anymore that local authorities have, but also, which identify them. Immaterial property understands immaterial goods like local authorities’ name or their know-how. Therefore, the question of the reservation of these “goods” must be asked: property law is it adapted? With the “linguistic or cultural property”, the subject reveals unknown difficulties in public law, beyond of only question of property. If it seems to be too early to talk about an approach apart from property, it is clear that a reflection about the process of reservation without property is necessary. In consequence, with the evolution of public property law to an immaterial approach, and the underlying question of a “public intellectual property law”, in the same way, the question of a law about public authorities, are we attending to a prudent and reserved construction of public immaterial property law?
155

Measurement of the usability of web-based hotel reservation systems

Shasha, Ziphozakhe Theophilus January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Business Information Systems))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The aim of this research project was to determine what the degree of usability is of a sample of online reservation systems of Cape Town hotels. The literature has indicated that the main aim of website usability is to make the engagement process with a website a more efficient and enjoyable experience. Researchers noted that well designed, high-quality websites, with grammatically accurate content, create a trustworthy online presence. User-friendly sites also attract far more traffic. Previous research has also shown that a loss of potential sales is possible due to users being unable to find what they want, if poor website design has been implemented. Loss of potential income through repeat visits is also a possibility, due to a negative user experience. The research instrument that was employed in this research is usability testing. It is a technique used to evaluate product development that incorporates user feedback in an attempt to create instruments and products that meet user needs, and to decrease costs. The research focused on Internet-based hotel reservation systems. Only the usability was measured. Both standard approaches were used in this research project, in a combined quantitative and qualitative research design. In conclusion, the purpose of this research was to determine the degree of usability of specified Cape Town hotel online reservation systems. The outcomes of this study indicated interesting patterns in that reservation systems met user requirements more often than expected. However, the figures of acceptability obtained were still below the generally accepted norms for usability. The amount of time spent to complete a booking also decreased, as users worked on more than one reservation system.
156

Responsabilidade tributária de grupo econômico

Medeiros, Rafael de Souza January 2017 (has links)
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo demonstrar a inexistência de responsabilidade tributária de grupo econômico no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tanto, na primeira de três partes, expõe os conceitos normativos fundamentais a partir dos quais será desenvolvido o estudo. A segunda parte do trabalho divide-se em duas seções, a primeira destinada a estabelecer o que se deve entender por grupo econômico e a segunda voltada à análise da responsabilidade tributária e da sua compatibilidade com o grupo. A terceira parte direciona-se à crítica do emprego impreciso do conceito de grupo de sociedades e dos seus efeitos em situações nas quais a existência de grupo não é relevante ou sequer tratam de responsabilidade tributária. Para sustentar a conclusão proposta, o trabalho apresenta como principais argumentos a incompatibilidade com o sistema tributário nacional da garantia – no sentido de atribuição do risco da solvência do crédito tributário em prejuízo do patrimônio do particular – como finalidade das regras de responsabilidade tributária; a reserva de lei complementar a que está submetida a disciplina da sujeição passiva tributária e que veda a responsabilização por meio de lei ordinária; a necessidade do emprego da técnica do argumento e contrario na interpretação da responsabilidade de terceiros em razão da taxatividade dos enunciados previstos no CTN (hipóteses de antecedente fechado), da excepcionalidade da responsabilidade tributária e da proibição à analogia; e a inaptidão das hipóteses de solidariedade para a atribuição de responsabilidade tributária, seja por interesse comum, seja por previsão legal. Busca ainda evidenciar que a formação de grupo econômico pelo exercício do controle societário sobre uma pluralidade de sociedades não pode ser utilizada como elemento comprobatório de confusão patrimonial ou de desvio de finalidade para fins de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, pois é indiferente em relação a esses vícios. / This paper aims to demonstrate the absence of tax liability of business groups in the Brazilian legal system. To do so, the first of three parts presents the fundamental regulatory concepts from which the study will be developed. The second part of the paper is divided into two sections, the first one intended to establish what should be understood as a business group and the second one is focused on analysis of tax liability and its compatibility with the group. The third part is focused on criticism of inaccurate use of the concept of group of companies and its effects in situations where the existence of a group is not relevant or not even relates to tax liability. To support the proposed conclusion, the paper presents as its main arguments the incompatibility of the guarantee with the national tax system – in the sense of risk allocation of the solvency of tax credit at the expense of the equity of private persons – as the purpose of tax liability rules; the reservation of complementary law, which the tax liability is subject to, and which bars such due through ordinary law; the need for the use of the technique of argumentum e contrario in the interpretation of third-party liability due to the specificity of those rules laid down in the Brazilian Tax Code (rules of closed antecedent), the exceptionality of tax liability and the ban on analogy; and the inadequacy of the assumptions of joint and several liability for the allocation of tax liability, either by common interest, or by legal provision. It seeks further to show that the formation of a business group by the exercise of corporate control over a plurality of companies cannot be used as evidentiary element of commingling of equity or misapplication of purpose for piercing of the corporate veil, given that it is indifferent to those flaws.
157

Etno-história Guarani e a construção do espaço a partir da arquitetura: um estudo de caso na Aldeia Tekoha Añetete. / Etnohistory Guarani and construction of space from the architecture: a case study in the Village Tekoha Añetete.

Kühl, Gracieli Erna Schubert 25 February 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO GRACIELI E SCHUBERT.PDF: 7773083 bytes, checksum: 6bccafec6a99778f82e72f2ada4249d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / This dissertation is characterized as a case study in Guarani Indian village named the Tekoha Añetete reservation, Village in the municipality of Diamante d'oeste\/PR. Aims to register main cultural aspects of group through reports on the construction of the living space and the architecture itself. The problem of this activity is devoted to the traditional architecture of the Guarani as opposed to architecture developed by external agents inside the village, among them the Cohapar (housing Company of Paraná) and Itaipu Binacional. Among these buildings are residences and prays. The discussion is divided into three chapters. Initially presents concepts related to the problem, among them: culture, identity, territory. In a second moment is made a dense description of the village in order to characterize it as an object of study. In the third chapter are addressed the architectural works present in the village, including the traditional architecture of the Guarani, the architecture introduced by the Cohapar and the works made by Itaipu, besides brief analysis on merger of these works made by external agents to the sociocultural dynamics of the group from the anthropological gaze of Rubem Thomaz de Almeida. / Esta dissertação caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso na aldeia indígena Guarani denominada Aldeia Tekoha Añetete, situada no município de Diamante d Oeste/PR. Tem por objetivo principal registrar aspectos culturais do grupo através de relatos sobre a construção do espaço habitado e da arquitetura em si. A problemática dessa atividade está voltada à arquitetura tradicional dos Guarani em oposição à arquitetura desenvolvida por agentes externos no interior da aldeia, entre eles a Cohapar (Companhia de Habitação do Paraná) e a Itaipu Binacional. Entre essas construções encontram-se residências e casa de reza. A discussão está dividida em três capítulos. Inicialmente apresentam-se conceitos relacionados à problemática, entre eles: cultura, identidade, território. Em um segundo momento é feita uma descrição densa da aldeia visando caracterizá-la enquanto objeto de estudo. No terceiro capítulo são abordadas as obras arquitetônicas presentes na aldeia, entre elas a arquitetura tradicional dos Guarani, a arquitetura introduzida pela Cohapar e as obras feitas pela Itaipu, além de breve análise sobre os mecanismos de incorporação dessas obras feitas por agentes externos para com a dinâmica sociocultural do grupo a partir do olhar antropológico de Rubem Thomaz de Almeida.
158

O valor de reserva nas renegociações: evidências empíricas do comportamento oportunista / Reservation value in renegotiations: empiric evidences of opportunistic behavior

José Roberto Moraes Antiqueira 06 October 2005 (has links)
As negociações apresentam uma zona de possível acordo sempre que o valor de reserva do comprador excede o valor de reserva do vendedor. Howard Raiffa permitiu uma formalização para analisar as negociações, ao representá-las por meio dessa zona de acordo. Neste estudo, propõe-se que esse modelo seja utilizado para análise das renegociações. Para tanto, foram incorporados alguns elementos da Economia dos Custos de Transação já que, entre a negociação e a renegociação, ocorre a deterioração do valor de reserva detido pelo agente que promoveu investimentos em ativos específicos à transação. Os elementos incorporados dessa teoria foram: racionalidade limitada, especificidade de ativos e comportamento oportunista. Em razão da racionalidade limitada, os acordos e contratos são incompletos, porque a previsão de todas as contingências é impossível ou, na melhor das hipóteses, demasiado dispendiosa. Com isso, muitas vezes as partes necessitam promover revisões contratuais, o que demanda o estabelecimento de renegociações. Porém, entre a negociação e a renegociação, sempre que uma das partes investir em ativos específicos à transação, o seu valor de reserva se torna menos favorável, reduzindo o seu poder relativo de negociação. Nessas condições, a contraparte pode agir oportunisticamente, expropriando quase-rendas que antes eram auferidas pelo agente responsável pelos investimentos específicos. Apesar de a Economia dos Custos de Transação adotar o comportamento oportunista como pressuposto comportamental, não afirma que todos os indivíduos agem oportunisticamente o tempo todo. A freqüência das transações e a reputação apresentam-se como restrições a esse comportamento. Além disso, alguns estudiosos entendem que os agentes podem não empregar o comportamento oportunista nas renegociações, já que muitas pessoas procurariam recompensar os indivíduos que no passado lhe fizeram alguma ação favorável. Para examinar que comportamento a contraparte emprega nessa situação, foi realizada uma pesquisa experimental com alunos da Universidade de São Paulo. Os participantes, agrupados em pares, deveriam negociar um determinado bem. A pesquisa envolveu dois estágios: negociação de preços para o primeiro ano, em que as partes tinham seus valores de reserva originais, pois os investimentos específicos ainda não haviam sido realizados; e negociação de preços para o segundo ano. Neste último estágio, denominado de renegociação, o valor de reserva de uma das partes havia se deteriorado, em razão dos investimentos específicos. A comparação entre os resultados da negociação e da renegociação permitiu constatar que alguns agentes empregaram o comportamento oportunista. Em 62,7% dos casos, houve alguma redução de preços entre a negociação e a renegociação. Em alguns casos, a pilhagem na renegociação foi tão intensa que o agente expropriado obteve um valor menor do que aquele proporcionado pelo valor de reserva original. A pesquisa revelou que o comportamento oportunista foi mais freqüente e ocorreu com maior intensidade com alunos que já se conheciam. Por fim, o comportamento oportunista não apresentou associações significativas com idade e sexo dos participantes, com o ano de ingresso na faculdade ou com a postura competitiva na primeira etapa das negociações. / A possible agreement zone appears in negotiations whenever the buyer's reservation value exceeds that of the seller. Howard Raiffa brought a fairly structured manner to the analysis of negotiations by representing them through this agreement zone. Our intention is for this model to be used in the analysis of renegotiations. To that end, some elements of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) have been incorporated inasmuch as deterioration occurs, between the negotiation and the renegotiation, in the reservation value detained by the agent that made investments in transaction specific assets. The elements incorporated from the TCE were the following: limited rationality, asset specificity and opportunistic behavior. Limited rationality leads to incomplete agreements and contracts because forecasting all contingencies is impossible or, in the best of hypotheses, too expensive. For that reason, the parties often need to carry out contractual revisions, which require setting up renegotiations. Nevertheless, whenever one of the parties invests in transaction-specific assets between the negotiation and the renegotiation, its reservation value becomes less favorable thus reducing its relative negotiation power. Under those conditions, a counterpart can have an opportunistic behavior, thus expropriating the quasi rents that were before received by the agent responsible for the specific investments. Although TCE adopts opportunistic behavior as the behavior premise, it does not state that all individuals act opportunistically all of the time. Both the frequency of the transactions and the reputation limit this kind of behavior. Besides, some scholars understand that agents might not act opportunistically in negotiations, insofar as many people would seek to reward individuals who took a favorable action toward them. In order to examine which behavior becomes active in the counterpart in this situation, an experimental research was accomplished with students from the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Paired participants were instructed to negotiate a specific asset. The research involved two stages: price negotiation for the first year, in which the parties had their original reservation values, since specific investments had not yet been made; and price negotiation for the second year. In this last stage, called renegotiation, the reservation value of one of the parties had deteriorated due to specific investments. The compared outcomes of the negotiation and renegotiation allowed verifying that some agents did act opportunistically. In 62.7% of the cases there was a price reduction between the negotiation and the renegotiation. In some cases, hold-up in the renegotiation was so intense that the expropriated agent obtained a lower value than that of the original reservation value. The research revealed that opportunistic behavior was more frequent and more intense among students who already knew each other. Final conclusion was that the opportunistic behavior was not significantly associated with participants' age or gender, the year of college entrance or competitive stand in the first round of negotiations.
159

Introdução dos óleos vegetais na matriz energética da reserva extrativista do médio Juruá e a valorização da biodiversidade : estudo de caso com óleo de andiroba / Introduction of vegetable oils into the energetic matrix of the middle Juruá extractive reserve and the biodiversity valorization : a case study whit andiroba oil

Correia, José de Castro 11 January 2002 (has links)
Orientador: Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T23:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Correia_JosedeCastro_D.pdf: 30507439 bytes, checksum: cbc0520f9c5d1ad8d9edfc60b70de14d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: O presente trabalho de tese de doutorado objetiva, essencialmente: determinar a viabilidade econômica da geração de energia elétrica em comunidades isoladas da Reserva Extrativista do Médio Juruá, no Município de Carauarí/AM, com emprego de óleos vegetais extraídos de oleaginosas nativas da região, utilizando o óleo de andiroba como estudo de caso; e apresentar a disponibilidade desta energia como meio para melhorar as condições de vida dos moradores destas comunidades...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: This present doctoral thesis essentially aims at determining the economical viability of electric energy generation in isolated communities of the Rio-Jurua Extractivist Reservation, in the municipal district of CarauarV AM, with the use of vegetal oils extracted from native oleaginous species of the area, using the andiroba oil as case study and present the availability of such energy as way to improve the life conditions of these communities...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic document / Doutorado / Engenharia Mecanica / Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
160

A INSTITUIÇÃO DA RESERVA LEGAL NA PROPRIEDADE RURAL E O CONFLITO ENTRE OS PRINCÍPIOS DA PROPRIEDADE PRIVADA E A FUNÇÃO SOCIOMABIENTAL. / THE INSTITUTION THE LEGAL RESERVE IN RURAL PROPERTY AND CONFLICT BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLES OF PRIVATE PROPERTY AND FUNCTION SOCIOMABIENTAL.

Hoenisch, Emanuele 30 October 2015 (has links)
The new Forest Code brings expressed the imposition of the maintenance - or even rebuilding - the original vegetation cover, with a view to compliance with the provisions for the purpose of legal reserve, created in order to preserve biodiversity and how efetivador through the social function of property. Such imposition is a translation of the article 225 of the Federal Constitution, which adds that it is all right to a Healthy and balanced environment. The Legal Reserve mind limitation of rural private property, which led to negative impacts, since it is treated as idle area, resulting in financial losses to the owners. Still, it is challenging the constitutionality of this imposing legal reserve, having to justify such questioning the fact attributed to landowners the duty to preserve nature, where the constitutional law provides that it is the duty of the government and of the entire community, not fitting to a small group represented by landowners. Given this limitation of the property by the Legal Reserve, the question arises: is there a conflict between the constitutional principles of private property and environmental function? In the center of this discussion, highlights the issue concerning the objectives of the institute, namely, the need for preservation / restoration of these areas with "forests" or "native vegetation" in order to preserve biodiversity, which is essential for maintenance a balanced environment, the right of present and future generations, as constitutional law. The methodology follows the hypothetical-deductive method, which appears consistent with the proposed work, for the desired conclusion is reached from the assumptions presented, starting from the constitutional provisions and analyzing directly to infra-constitutional legislation. The communication from different areas of knowledge such as law and sustainability are applied to resolve issues. It is observed that in the discussion of the establishment of the Legal Reserve as a generator of conflict between constitutional principles, it is necessary to evaluate the ecological setting (environmental issues) in order to enable the construction of strategies to prevent and combat the causes that led to this administrative limitation of the property. The proposal, therefore, is to analyze the Institute of Legal Reserve in the perspective of socio-biodiversity. It is therefore crucial that the discussion is in a multidimensional way, passing by various systems such as economic, legal, political, social and cultural, which intertwine with environmental issues. Thus, considering that the issue be seamlessly (interdisciplinary), in facing up to challenges, with the filing of appropriate (and effective) solutions, and the urgent protection of the environment. / O novo Código Florestal traz expressa a imposição da manutenção ou mesmo recomposição da cobertura vegetal original, com vistas ao cumprimento do disposto para fins de Reserva Legal, criada com o fim de preservar a biodiversidade e como meio efetivador da função social da propriedade. Tal imposição é uma tradução do artigo 225 da Constituição Federal, o qual aduz que é direito de todos um meio ambiente sadio e equilibrado. A Reserva Legal importa em limitação da propriedade privada rural, o que ocasionou impactos negativos, uma vez que é tratada como área ociosa, resultando em prejuízos financeiros aos proprietários. Ainda, foi questionada a constitucionalidade dessa imposição de Reserva Legal, tendo como justificativa tal questionamento o fato de atribuir aos proprietários de terra o dever de preservar a natureza, onde o mandamento constitucional prevê que é dever do poder público e de toda coletividade, não cabendo a um pequeno grupo representado pelos proprietários rurais. Diante dessa limitação da propriedade pela Reserva Legal, surge o questionamento: existe um conflito entre os princípios constitucionais da propriedade privada e da função socioambiental? No centro de toda essa discussão, evidencia-se a questão atinente aos objetivos do instituto, qual seja, a necessidade de preservação/recomposição de referidas áreas com florestas ou vegetação nativa , a fim de preservar a biodiversidade, essencial para manutenção de um meio ambiente equilibrado, direito da presente e futuras gerações, conforme mandamento constitucional. A metodologia obedece ao método hipotético-dedutivo, que se mostra coerente com a proposta do trabalho, pois a conclusão pretendida será alcançada a partir das premissas apresentadas, partindo-se das previsões constitucionais e analisando diretamente a legislação infraconstitucional. A comunicação de diversas áreas do saber como direito e sustentabilidade são aplicadas para a resolução de questões. Observa-se que, na discussão sobre a instituição da Reserva Legal como geradora de conflito entre princípios constitucionais, é necessário avaliar o cenário ecológico (problemática ambiental), a fim de possibilitar a construção de estratégias de prevenção e combate das causas que levaram a essa limitação administrativa da propriedade. A proposta, portanto, é analisar o instituto da Reserva Legal na perspectiva da sociobiodiversidade. Assim, é fundamental que a discussão seja de forma multidimensional, perpassando por diversos sistemas, tais como econômico, jurídico, político, social e cultural, os quais se entrelaçam com a questão ambiental. Assim, pondera-se que a discussão seja de forma integrada (interdisciplinar), com o enfrentamento dos desafios, com a propositura de soluções adequadas (e eficazes), e com a urgente proteção do meio ambiente.

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