A partir do desencantamento do mundo natural, no século XVI, ocorrem alterações na relação ambiente e sociedade, possibilitando a poluição e depredação do meio para o acumulo de capital. E desde então, o modelo de desenvolvimento, amplamente difundido nas áreas rurais, vem promovendo a degradação ambiental e fragmentação florestal. Esta, por sua vez, está diretamente relacionada com a tomada de decisão dos moradores das áreas rurais, em suas práticas, sendo esta condicionada ao sistema cultural vigente. A hipótese testada foi de que quanto maior é a relação dos moradores das propriedades rurais com o mercado e a vida urbana, menor é a conservação dos fragmentos florestais e o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação existente entre as práticas dos moradores rurais do município de Jacareí e a presença dos fragmentos. Pretendeu-se também identificar quais práticas seriam compatíveis com os pressupostos de sustentabilidade, em suas diferentes dimensões, numa realidade concreta, de tal modo que tal análise pudesse contribuir como subsídios para propostas de políticas públicas voltadas para esse enfoque. Realizou-se um estudo de caso da área rural de Jacareí onde foram selecionadas 6 propriedades rurais localizadas em 10 estradas principais do município, totalizando uma amostra de 60 unidades. A escolha das propriedades foi aleatória, sendo realizada entrevista semi-estruturada e observação in loco dos fragmentos e quintais florestais. Identificou-se que existem práticas que podem contribuir para a não conservação e ou/preença dos fragmentos florestais, principalmente naquelas propriedades relacionadas com o mercado, com monocultivo e também aquelas de lazer. Observou-se também que existem também diferentes culturas e práticas que contribuem com a conservação dos atributos naturais e dos fragmentos florestais, como os policultivos e os sistemas agroflorestais, alem da agricultura familiar, que estão inseridas em uma perspectiva ambiental da sustentabilidade. Foi possível estabelecer que as estratégias para alcançá-la implicam na ampliação e valorização da agricultura familiar e dos sistemas agroflorestais ali existentes. Estas estratégias constituem-se o ponto de partida para o planejamento de políticas públicas voltadas ao meio rural sendo necessário também considerar os aspectos que privilegiam as outras dimensões da sustentabilidade, além da ecológica. / From the disenchantment of the natural world in the sixteenth century, changes in the environment and society relationship occurred, allowing pollution and depredation of the environment for the accumulation of capital. And since then, the development model, widespread in rural areas, has been promoting environmental degradation and forest fragmentation. This, in turn, is directly related to the decision making of the residents of rural areas in their practice, which is subject to prevailing cultural system. The hypothesis tested was that the greater the ratio of residents of rural properties with the market and urban life, lower conservation of forest fragments and objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between practices of rural residents of the municipality of Jacarei and conservation of fragments. Also, to identify which practices would be consistent with the assumptions of sustainability in its various dimensions, in reality, so that this analysis could contribute as grants for proposals for public policies that focus. We conducted a case study of the rural area where Jacarei 6 were selected farms located in 10 major roads of the city, in a sample of 60 units. The choice of properties was random, semi-structured interviews and on-site observation of forest fragments and backyards being held. It was identified that there are practices that do not promote the conservation of forest fragments, especially those properties related to the market, and also those with monoculture leisure. It was also observed that there are different cultures and practices that promote the conservation of natural attributes and forest fragments, as polycultures and agroforestry systems beyond the family farm, that are inserted into an environmental sustainability perspective. It was possible to establish that the strategies to achieve it imply the expansion and enhancement of family agriculture and agroforestry therein. These strategies constitute the starting point for planning aimed at rural public policy is also necessary to consider the aspects that favor the other dimensions of sustainability, ecological beyond.

This study explores the relationship between planning policy and quality of life and, in doing so, contributes to long running debates occurring within the planning literature, and between planning practitioners and planning theorists, about the nature of this relationship. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between planning policy's approach to combining residential and non-residential uses, an understudied area of policy, and the quality of life of tenants' and residents' association (TARA) members, an understudied population which frequently participates in the planning system. Within the study, quality of life is understood in terms of preference-satisfaction theory which equates the 'good' life with the satisfaction of preferences. Subsequently, where policy's aspirations for the built environment overlap with the environmental preferences of TARA members, it is assumed that policy might, when reflected in the built environment, support members' quality of life. To investigate such instances of overlap, the study first explored policy's approach to combining residential and non-residential uses through a qualitative content analysis of written policy, interviews with local authority planning officers and an analysis of planning applications and their associated decision notices. Then, to investigate the environmental preferences of TARA members, focus groups were held with a diverse sample of TARAs. These focus groups suggested ways of amending policy so that it might better satisfy members' preferences and, perhaps then, better support their quality of life. A conceptual framework was developed to begin to explore the deliverability of these amendments with data for this exercise collected from self-proclaimed representative bodies for the planning profession and housebuilding industry. In pursuing these interests, insights into a number of additional issues emerged, including, the relationship between policy as 'content' and policy as 'process', the interests, activities and spatial distribution of TARAs, the planning system's potential to support the quality of life of TARA members, and planners' and housebuilders' attitudes towards land use mix and the State's planning apparatus. Taken in its totality though, the study‘s major contribution perhaps lies in suggesting answers to the vexed question of what should be civil society's role in the planning system. In terms of land use mix, the study found that planning policy and TARA members shared a largely similar conceptualisation of the 'good' residential environment with both favouring predominantly residential areas, featuring pockets of green space, 'everyday' services, and the exclusion of most traffic generating, obtrusive and noisy uses. They also shared a similar conceptualisation of the 'good' town or city centre with both favouring land use mix, a concentration of activities and the presence of residential occupiers. Consequently, in these instances, policy perhaps seems suited to supporting the quality of life of TARA members. However, in other instances, members' preferences and policy‘s requirements were seen to diverge. Furthermore, the task of revising policy to avoid these points of divergence seems challenging. The study updates and expands knowledge on an understudied area of policy and a relatively understudied population. It presents insights into policy's approach to land use mix, and attitudes towards this approach, at a time when the planning system is experiencing considerable change with regional planning due to be abolished, neighbourhood planning introduced and a new form of national planning policy launched. The study comments on the implications for the research findings of these various developments. It also identifies environmental designs and characteristics that might be of interest to policy-makers if an objective is to address the concerns of a frequently vocal participant in the planning system (i.e. TARAs).

A certain community within the southern region of Texas has consistently been linked to escalating poverty, high crime rates, low educational achievement, and poor physical and mental health. For the purpose of this research, this community will be referred to as Community X. Although some researchers have found that sense of community and supportive social networks are associated with healthy mental and physical functioning, others have suggested that in a debilitated community social networks can facilitate psychological distress and a strong sense of community is difficult to develop. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the combination of 3 Social Network Index (SNI) scores and 4 Sense of Community Index 2 (SCI-2) scores that affect Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) scores. For the 106 Community X resident participants, as the SNI number of embedded networks increased, K10 scores tended to increase, indicating higher levels of psychological distress (consistent with the negative effect research). In a cluster analysis, two clusters emerged in which one cluster (n = 67) had positive z-score means on all SNI indices and all SCI-2 subscales, while the other cluster (n = 39) had all negative z-score means. The cluster with all positive scores had lower K10 psychological distress scores (consistent with the positive effect research), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mixed results indicated that comparative research is needed to control for communities of varying ecological distress to better relate psychological distress to sense of community and the valence of social networks to facilitate positive social change health policies and interventions that are ecological-distress sensitive.

Residents who fall in SNF either sustain significant decline to quality of life or die from their injuries. The average fall costs about $34,000 per incident. On average, 19.8% of residents fall at least once per month. The purpose of this project was to assess, identify, and advance nursing practice to decrease falls by evaluating current facility standard of practice, fall policy, procedures, and protocol. The objective was to create actions that would close the communication gap between clinicians and residents. This project encourages clinicians to intertwine resident feedback and strategies into the plan of care to help reduce fall risk. A focus group was conducted with 11 residents with previous fall experience. Through structured discussion, several important gaps in communication related to residents' plan of care were identified. Examples identified include, 10 of 11 residents indicated they were never asked to participate in their plan of care, 10 of 11 residents indicated staff did not listen to them, and 11 of 11 stated they did not know they could change the plan of care that staff had put in place. Further feedback from the focus group demonstrated residents desire to be involved in their care however, they were largely excluded from this process in the past. This project contributes to positive social change by identifying ways to close the communication gaps and reduce risk for falls by intertwining clinician and resident fall practices. A highly recommended fall committee was established at the project facility to encourage staff buy in, advancement of nursing practice and resident involvement in reducing falls.

The purpose of t his study was to determine the opinions and perceptions of the residents of Logan , Utah, concerning the role and responsibilities of the Bear River District Health Department , and whether those opinions and perceptions differed among low, middle and high income families; among residents having a high school degree or less, a bachelor's degree or less, or a graduate degree o r less; and among men and women. A survey instrument was administered to a stratified random sample of 150 residents. The data collected indicated that: (1) the majority of the resident s of Logan , Utah, we re not aware of the functions and services of t he Bear River District Health Department. This level of awareness was inversely proportional to income level, (2) the majority of residents of Logan, Utah, felt that the Bear River District Health Department was fulfilling it 's role and responsibilities to the community, and (3) the majority of residents of Logan, Utah, do not utilize the services of the Bear River District Health Department to meet their health needs, but rely on some other agency or professional to meet those needs . This tendency was directly proportional to income level, with low income residents relying on the health department for services to a greater degree than high income residents.

Medical trainees (medical students and resident physicians) are at high risk of sharps injury (needlestick injury). High rates of sharps injury in this population and the risk incurred by exposure to bloodborne pathogens poses a threat both to medical trainees who are at risk for bloodborne pathogen exposure and to training institutions for legal and financial reasons. This study examines the prevalence of sharps injuries in medical trainees at the University of South Florida and compares that to data on sharps injuries in US medical trainees. Data from the present study was compared to previously collected USF medical trainee sharps injury data. Results from this study demonstrated that residents had higher rates of sharps injury than medical students. A prior USF study of similar data from academic years 2002-2008 had similar findings. This study demonstrated a peak in sharps injury rate in first year residents, similar to the prior USF study. Resident rates remained highest in Surgery and lowest for Psychiatry and Pediatrics. This information can be used to focus hazard analysis and risk reduction efforts at USF Health. This data can also be combined with the known efficacy of simulated training experience should encourage increased use of USF’s center for advanced medical simulation (CAMLS) to increased procedural experience in medical students and junior residents and decrease their exposure to bloodborne pathogens by increasing knowledge and procedural safety.

Notre récit débute avec la mort de Georges-Louis de Berghes et l'avènement de Jean-Théodore de Bavière, un Wittelsbach, au trône de Saint-Lambert. Le règne de ce prince-évêque occupe une place particulièrement importante dans l'histoire de la principauté de Liège au 18e siècle. Neutre dans les conflits européens de la guerre de Succession d'Autriche et de la guerre de Sept Ans, Liège aura pourtant à souffrir cruellement des maux et des calamités engendrés par ces deux conflagrations, les belligérants ne respectant ni le droit des princes ni la paix du peuple. Victime par deux fois d'affrontements sanglants Rocourt et Laeffelt le pays devra subir à plusieurs reprises, à côté de la vindicte de la soldatesque, le lourd fardeau des quartiers d'hiver avec son cortège de malheurs et de misères. Ainsi, il sera livré, de 1746 à 1748, aux Impériaux qui se comportèrent comme en territoire ennemi. Au lendemain du renversement des alliances, la principauté deviendra une base de ravitaillement pour les armées fleurdelisées avant d'être totalement satellisée par la France. La fin des hostilités entre Marie-Thérèse et Louis XV va permettre aux Liégeois de bénéficier d'un répit certes précaire mais combien précieux car, pour les grandes puissances la paix n'est jamais qu'un bref intermède avant de nouvelles conquêtes. Pourtant, cette quiétude retrouvée ne signifie pas pour autant la fin des luttes d'influence. Durant cet entracte, diplomates et courtisans vont se livrer une bataille sans merci pour s'efforcer d'attirer le cardinal de Bavière, un être faible et débonnaire, dans l'orbite de Versailles ou de Vienne. Factions et cabales se donnent également libre cours pour s'emparer des rênes du gouvernement, face à un souverain, si l'on excepte un fugace instant d'indépendance, plus qu'indifférent. La Cour donne le ton. Là, s'exerce l'emprise éphémère des favoris ; là, se révèle l'ascendant exercé par l'étranger, tous cherchant à investir les allées du pouvoir. Néanmoins, cet abandon vis-à-vis des grandes puissances ne signifie par pour autant la disparition de toute vie publique. L'agitation, le bouillonnement et l'effervescence qui agitent la capitale dans les années 1750, attestent de cette volonté de liberté. Une poignée de « patriotes », de « citoyens » va en effet s'efforcer de libérer le pays de l'oppression étrangère et de lui rendre son lustre d'antan. Mais en vain, tant est grande l'apathie du prince et incommensurable l'égoïsme des privilégiés. En définitive, Jean-Théodore de Bavière laissera finalement l'image d'une principauté dominée par les haines des coteries, figée par l'égocentrisme des plus nantis, étouffée par le protectionnisme des Pays-Bas et totalement vassalisée par la France. Bref, un bilan propre à dégoûter à tout jamais les Liégeois des Wittelsbach !

Using ethnomethodology and influenced by ethnography, the purpose of this research has been to explore the meanings that elder residents in and around Hafford, SK and Val Marie, SK derive from their relationship with and confer upon their cultural landscapes. Hence, for a month and a half, I lived in Hafford and then Val Marie in order to speak with elder residents (age 60 or over) who have lived and worked in or around these areas for at least twenty years.<p>The meanings of elder residents hinge on their memories of growing up and making a living when younger. Their meanings also resonate with the ideas and perspectives that these individuals have formed regarding the changes in their cultural landscape. Changes include those to agriculture; service provision; and the formation of the Grasslands National Park for which Val Marie is the gateway community and Redberry Lake Biosphere Reserve in which Hafford is located. <p>The broad themes of connections, separation, and continuity that I distilled in the narratives of elder residents have guided the identification of the meanings. To this end, the cultural landscape concept has provided an ideal framework. Including the different and diverse meanings of elder residents is integral to our conception of the cultural landscape as a whole, a characteristic that assists in guiding change and development in these communities. <p>In particular, elder residents contribute to an ethical landscape infused with meanings engendered by sentiments of connections, separation, and continuity and ones that hearken to their ethics. Such meanings can have a substantive impact on the decisions influencing these areas. Furthermore, as part of intangible cultural heritage, elder residents offer the meanings they have forged as well as their ethics, the ongoing result of having lived and worked in their cultural landscape. <p>This research has helped to bring relief to the meanings of elder residents in Hafford and Val Marie. Such meanings are necessary in the overall identity of the cultural landscape. The meanings that elder residents derive from their cultural landscape are a valuable asset for communities seeking to maintain their social and economic viability and sustainability.

This research investigates Japanese society's gaze towards those former colonized subjects, who now reside in Japan as foreign residents. More specifically, it explores the representations, in two leading Japanese newspapers and a popular internet discussion board, of a Filipino family facing deportation in 2009. Using Foucault's archaeology of knowledge as the main analytical framework, it examines emergent and silenced discourses in each media. While the newspapers generally reported in favour of the family, they often unintentionally constructed the child as innocent, and the parents as illegal. The internet discussion board tended to depict the family as criminals. By silencing the colonial history between the Philippines and Japan, both media outlets have failed to address the continuing neo-colonial relationships between the two nations. In conclusion, the various implications of this research on the strategies advocating citizenship rights of irregular residents are examined, by applying anti-oppressive education frameworks to the research findings.

Urban forests provide vital services to communities and are crucial for our mental, physical and emotional well-being. Recent research has shown that many variables at a neighbourhood-level are linked to variations in urban forest quantity, however, relationships at the property-level have not been considered. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships at property-level in four socioeconomically varied neighbourhoods in the City of Mississauga (Ontario, Canada). Percent canopy cover and tree density was calculated using information from a survey, GIS datasets and remote sensing. Regression was used to determine which property-level characteristics are related to variations in the two tree cover variables. The results show that variables dealing with residents attitudes towards trees and space constraints are commonly linked to tree cover variations. The study found differences in relationships between the two tree measures at property-level and it provides greater insight into human-urban forest relationship at the micro-scale.