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Thesis advisor: Lisa A. Goodman / Recent research suggests that half or more of today’s domestic violence (DV) advocates are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) or other forms of abuse, consistent with the survivor-led early stages of the DV movement. Advocates who are themselves survivors (survivor-advocates) are at risk of experiencing vicarious trauma and other negative outcomes in response to their challenging work. Emerging research has also identified the possibility of deriving personal growth and healing from the work of advocacy, which bolster survivor-advocates against the stressors in their work. However, the processes by which survivor-advocates navigate their work and cope with its challenges are poorly understood. To date, only one qualitative study has asked survivor-advocates about their experiences. This study began illustrating some of the ways that survivor-advocates approach and experience their work; however, it is vital that we develop a richer understanding of how survivor-advocates experience their work as both healing and harmful, in order to maintain the sustainability and effectiveness of the services they provide. This study used grounded theory methodology to explore how survivor-advocates apply their survivorship to their work, and how their work influenced their well-being and recovery. The theoretical model that emerged was anchored by a central process called bringing my whole self to work, which participants described as consisting of four interrelated components: 1) constructing a personal narrative about how their identity connects to their work, 2) applying those connections to shape their work in numerous ways, 3) experiencing healing as an outcome of the previous two components and 4) the organizational contexts that shaped the process through validating or invalidating the survivor identity. Successfully engaging in this process helped survivor-advocates feel a greater sense of connection and integrity to their survivor identity and work, as well as possibly enhanced well-being. This process suggests numerous ways for DV organizations to encourage and support survivor-advocates to engage more openly, meaningfully, and effectively in their work and points toward new directions in understanding vicarious trauma. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Pregnancy is a unique developmental period in a woman’s life, characterized by numerous psychological, behavioural, and biological changes. How a biologically female woman experiences her pregnancy is impacted by her previous life experiences, including early experiences of adversity. In particular, maternal history of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) before age 18, has been shown to exert distal effects on mental health and behaviour in pregnancy. The current study explored the associations between ACEs and mental health symptoms in pregnancy via structural equation modelling within a sample of 330 Canadian women. This statistical approach permitted the use of a latent ACE variable comprised of abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction as indicator variables, as well as a latent mental health variable comprised of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and fear of childbirth. A direct effect emerged whereby maternal ACEs predicted mental health symptoms. This permitted subsequent testing of the following mediating pathways: sleep, health-risk behaviours, resilience, and social support. In the mediation analyses, further support emerged for the total indirect effect of maternal ACEs on mental health symptoms in pregnancy, once mediation pathways were added. In reviewing individual indirect pathways, sleep and social support mediated the association between ACEs and mental health symptoms in pregnancy. However, health risk behaviours and resilience did not. In addition, social support mediated the relationship between resilience and mental health symptoms in pregnancy. This study contributes to the existing research on maternal ACEs and their relationship with mental health symptoms during pregnancy. The concurrent testing of several pathways in the structural model served to characterize possible mechanisms through which early adversity relates to current mental health symptoms in pregnancy. Implications of these findings include identification of possible targets for intervention in pregnancy, in order to lessen the burden of ACEs on maternal mental health. / Graduate

Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014. / Architecture / MArch(Prof) / Unrestricted

This dissertation is a qualitative study of how vocal improvisation within music therapy groups may afford the construction of social resilience for in-patient adolescents in oncology wards. The study was conducted at the Pediatric Oncology Unit at the Steve Biko Academic Hospital in Pretoria. The case study involved six daily group music therapy sessions, with four to eight participants. The primary music therapy technique was vocal improvisation to assess how the participants perform themselves as resilient (or not). Excerpts of video recordings were analyzed through Gee’s (2005) suggestion for discourse analysis. Session notes were written as an additional data source to contextualize the excerpts. Through discourse analysis, four primary discourses were identified: participant as patient, participant as adolescent, cultural adolescent, and participant as Hip-hop musician. These enabled the participants to explore their performance of selves in various ways. It was concluded that vocal improvisation in group music therapy enabled the expression of lack of resilience, as it received those feeling less resilient and provided them with safety and containment. It also offered the participants a means of instant coping within the various discourses that were identified. Vocal improvisation in this context also afforded the participants a space to adapt to their challenges as they explored various types of participation by learning from past experiences/ways of being, and adjust accordingly. Finally, the participants could transform through the changing relationships within the group itself, and how these social changes offered a social environment that afforded the resilience of the whole group. / Mini Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Music / MMus (Music Therapy) / Unrestricted

Denna undersökning kommer huvudsakligen fokusera på två givna delar, en områdesöversikt och en flerfallstudie. Syftet för arbetet är att undersöka hur fem svenska kustnära kommuner; Göteborg, Malmö, Vellinge och Kristianstad samt Stockholm arbetar i sin översiktliga planering med översvämningshanteringen och hur ökad motståndskraft mot havsnivåhöjning införlivas. Vidare ska arbetet behandla vilka konsekvenser som stigande havsnivåer leder till och hur den framtida planeringen ska kunna rusta sig för utmaningarna. Undersökningen avgränsas till enbart kustnära kommuner belägna i södra eller mellersta Sverige för att begränsa det insamlade materialet som behövs för undersökningen. Likaså avgränsas arbetet till att endast undersöka översvämningsrisken som sker till följd av havsnivåhöjningar och inte extrema regnmängder. Undersökningen utgår från en kvalitativ forskning och analysprocess, där målet är att förstå och förklara hur svenska kustnära kommuner hanterar havsnivåhöjning och översvämningsrisken i sin översiktliga planering. Metoden för datainsamling baseras på dokument producerade av kommuner, myndigheter och forskare som utgör offentliga handlingar. Dokumenten analyseras därefter med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med uppgiften att kvantifiera texternas innehåll. Slutligen jämförs och diskuteras de undersökta kommunerna och de satta frågeställningarna besvaras. Samtliga av de utvalda kommunerna har sina egna olika givna omständigheter gällande ekonomiska förutsättningar och den fysiska miljön, som speglar hur kommunens arbete kring översvämningsriskhanteringen ser ut. Det är givet att en förändring av planeringen berörande översvämning behöver utvecklas och anpassas till det förändrade klimatet. Vi kan inte blunda för klimatpåverkan och dess följdkonsekvenser, utan den fysiska planeringen behöver sträva efter en ökad resilience.    Avslutningsvis knyts undersökningen ihop med ett avsnitt berörande slutsatser.

PhDRDV / Institute for Rural Development / In South Africa, various government and private sector-led initiatives have been directed towards promoting youth involvement in small retail businesses. This was designed to counter the high unemployment and poverty rates among youth. However, high failure rates of the initiatives consistently frustrate these noble efforts. Even though this is the case, neither attributes of youth-run small retail business resilience nor the factors that predispose them to the high failure rates are well-known. This situation demands taking urgent action to foster resilience in the youth-run small retail business sector. Thus, the current study focused on identifying the major threats and strengths to business and determining a set of objective criteria and indices for use in measuring resilience. Potential resilience strategies were also sought. The study was conducted in Vhembe District of Limpopo Province in South Africa. An explorative mixed research approach was employed. Participants were selected using both snowball and cluster sampling procedures. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and questionnaires. Qualitative data were analysed using Atlas ti version 8 software techniques such as network diagrams and code primary document tables. For each objective, in-depth results were obtained, further interrogated in a survey and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (IBM SPSS; version 25) in the subsequent phase. The main statistical techniques utilised were Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Significance was determined at P< 0.5. Results from PCA test reviewed three major threats to small retail business resilience that included poor infrastructure (28.54 %), financial infrastructure (20.97 %) and competition (14.94 %). The three factor structure accounted for a total variance of 64.46 %. Poor infrastructure and financial inadequacy threats did not vary with distance from the urban area (P > 0.05) while competition significantly varied with distance from the urban area (P< 0.05). With regard to strengths, PCA analysis produced a four factor structure that explained a total variance of 54.59 %. The four major strengths included marketing ability (16.97 %), good customer care (14.42 %), business knowledge (12.08 %) and commitment (11.13 %). A six dimension criteria for measuring small retail business resilience was established using PCA. The six dimensions encompassed security measures (18.01 %), outsourcing abilities (13. 70 %), marketing strategies (10.07), risk management (8.54 %), financial management (8.43 %) and innovation (7.89 %). The six factor structure explained a total variance of 66.67 %. These resilience pillars were related to threat detection, prevention and adaptation business mechanisms. Four resilience dimensions (security measures, marketing abilities, risk management and innovation) were similar across distance variations from the urban area (P> 0.05). However, significant differences between urban and rural areas were observed in two variables, that is, joining business alliances (P=0.012) linked to outsourcing abilities and keeping money away from the business premise (P=0.034) associated with financial management. Resilience indices were further developed utilising the six building blocks of the criteria. The indices for measuring small retail business resilience were expressed in the formula: R1= ƒ (SM1, OA1, MS1, RM1, FM1, I1, S1) + e where SM=Security Measures; OA= Outsourcing Abilities; MS= Marketing Strategies; OM=Risk Management; FM= Financial Management; I= Innovation; S= Subjective resilience dimensions and 1= particular time; e= error. The assumption underpinning these indices was that, small retail business resilience is not observable and thus it can be measured through assessing each dimension separately at a particular time. The outcomes reflected that, measuring youth-owned small retail businesses resilience encompasses a clear understanding of area specific threats and the subsequent customised performance measures. Resilience dimensions may change with time due to socio-economic changes, government policies and local conditions. As such, it is crucial to constantly assess youth small retail businesses in order to determine their current status and changes in resilience components. Current strategies and potential interventions for promoting small business resilience were also reviewed. Small retailers were currently utilising strategies such as business collaboration, specialisation and stock diversification. To, address the weaknesses associated with presently utilised strategies, potential interventions that encompassed financial support, provision of cheap stands, need for financial assistance and provision of business training and infrastructure upgrades were proposed. The present study provided a criteria and resilience indices that can be used by policy implementers, development agencies and funders to determine resilience drivers, monitor changes in resilience attributes over time and identify necessary interventions in the small retail sector. This assists decision makers to make pre-informed decisions before providing support to youth small retailers. The use of participatory research methods in the present study helped to ground the work in the youth small retail sector and thus, contributing to community engagement practices. The use of mixed study approaches has been consistently recommended in studies related to resilience measurement methods. As a result, the mixed research methods utilised in the present study provides directions for future replication in studies aimed at developing approaches for measuring resilience in the small business sector. Lastly, the simplicity of the criteria and indices make it easier for small retail business owners and other practitioners to use in future. / NRF

Bakgrund Vård- och omsorgspersonal är den yrkesgrupp som står för den högsta sjukfrånvaron på arbetsmarknaden. Psykisk ohälsa är den största orsaken till sjukfrånvaro. Sjukfrånvaron skiljer sig dock mellan män och kvinnor samt mellan yrken och verksamheter. Syfte Syftet med studien var att studera vad som kännetecknar arbetsgrupper inom kommunal vård- och omsorg med låg sjukfrånvaro. Metod Denna studie var baserad på en kvalitativ enkätstundersökning i en kommun där arbetsgrupper inom vård- och omsorg hade en sjukfrånvaro lägre än 6,8%. Enkätsvaren analyserades med innehållsanalys för att hitta kategorier. 35 personer utav 75 svarade på den öppna enkäten och svarsfrekvensen var 47%. Resultat Resultatet visade sex kategorier av friskfaktorer som kännetecknar arbetsgrupper med låg sjukfrånvaro. Resultatet visade också att arbetsgrupperna upplevde få svårigheter och motgångar samt använder handledning och kompetensutveckling för att hantera dem. Slutsats Slutsatsen från denna studie är att ytterligare forskning är nödvändig i arbetsgrupper med låg sjukfrånvaro för att finna faktorer, strategier och hållbara arbetssätt för att minska den höga sjukfrånvaron inom vård- och omsorgsyrken framöver. / <p>Betyg i Ladok 2020-12-15.</p>

<p>Space habitats will involve a complex and tightly coupled combination of hardware, software, and humans, while operating in challenging environments that pose many risks, both known and unknown. It will not be possible to design habitats that are immune to failure, nor will it be possible to foresee all possible failures. Rather than aiming for designs where “failure is not an option”, habitats must be resilient to disruptions. We propose a control-theoretic approach to resilient design for space habitats based on the concept of safety controls from system safety engineering. We model disruptions using a state and trigger model, where the space habitat is in one of three distinct states at each time instance: nominal, hazardous, or accident. The habitat transitions from a nominal state to hazardous states via disruptions, and further to hazardous and accident states via triggers. We develop an approach for identifying safety controls that considers these disruptions, hazardous states, and identifies control principles and their possible control flaws. We use safety controls as ways of preventing a system from entering or remaining in a hazardous or accident state. We develop a safety control option space for the habitat, from which designers can select the set of safety controls that best meet resilience, performance, and other system goals. We show how our approach for identifying safety controls drives our control-theoretic approach for resilient design, and how that fits into the larger system safety engineering process. To identify and assess hazards, we use a database and create a network format that stores the relationships between different disruptions and hazardous states for an example space habitat. We use this database in combination with traditional hazard assessment techniques to prioritize control of possible disruptions and hazardous states. To mitigate hazards, we develop a safety control option space that contains safety controls that either prevent transition to hazardous states or return the habitat to a nominal state. We use generic safety controls, or the principle of control, to generate new safety controls as our set of disruptions and hazardous states grows, and store these in the database. Lastly, we evaluate our mitigation techniques using our control effectiveness metric, a metric intended to assess how well a safety control addresses the hazardous state or disruption that it is designed for. Our control-theoretic approach is one way in which we can complete the system safety engineering process for a space habitat system and can provide design guidance for the development of resilient space habitats.</p>

El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la relación entre la adaptación cultural y la resiliencia en los migrantes venezolanos en Perú. La muestra estuvo conformada por 300 migrantes venezolanos (183 hombres y 117 mujeres), con una estadía mínima de 3 meses en Perú y una edad de 18 a 55. La muestra se dividió en cinco grupos según el grado de instrucción: primaria (n=12), secundaria (n=86), superior básica (técnica) (n=64), superior universitaria (n=122), y maestría y/o doctorado (n=16). Se administró la escala de Adaptación Cultural – IAC (Castro-Solano, 2011), y la escala de Resiliencia (Wagnild & Young, 1993) adaptada por (Castilla, Coronel, Bonilla, Mendoza & Barboza, 2016). Los resultados revelan que existe una mínima relación entre competencia con autonomía (r=.27) y apertura (r=.26); mientras que aceptación con autonomía (r=.10), y apertura (r=.13) una pequeña relación, siendo todas estadísticamente significativas (p< 0,001). Concluyendo que existe una relación mínima entre variables. / The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between cultural adaptation and resilience in Venezuelan migrants in Peru. The sample was made up of 300 Venezuelan migrants (183 men and 117 women), with a minimum stay of 3 months in Peru, with an age between 18 to 55 years old. The sample was divided into five groups according to the education degree: primary (n=12), secondary (n=86), basic superior (technique) (n=64), university superior (n=122), and master's degree and/or doctorate (n=16). The Cultural Adaptation scale - IAC (Castro-Solano, 2011), and the Resilience scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993) adapted by (Castilla, Coronel, Bonilla, Mendoza & Barboza, 2016) were administered. The results reveal that there is a minimal relationship between competition with autonomy (r=.27) and openness (r=.26); while acceptance with autonomy (r=.10), and openness (r=.13) a small relationship, all being statistically significant (p<0.001). Concluding that there is a minimum relationship between variables. / Tesis