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Syftet med den kvantitativa enkätstudien, baserad på 135 universitets-studenter, var att försöka identifiera faktorer som kan predicera akademiska prestationer bland universitetsstudenter. Hypotesen var att det finns ett positivt samband mellan studenterna studieprestationer och deras akademiska self-efficacy, akademiska motivation och resilience coping, samt ett negativt samband mellan stress och studieprestationer. För att mäta akademisk self-efficacy användes instrumentet Academic Self-Efficacy and Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning, akademisk motivation mättes med Academic Motivation Scale - University Version. Stress mättes med Cohens Perceived Stress Scale och resilience coping mättes med Brief Resilience Coping Scale. Svaren analyserades i statistikprogrammet Jamovi med en korrelationsanalys, Spearman’s rho, samt en multipel linjär regressionsanalys. Därtill utfördes en hierarkisk regressionsanalys för att uppskatta faktorernas värde. Resultatet visade att det finns ett signifikant positivt samband mellan en hög grad av akademisk self-efficacy och studieprestation. Det fanns även ett negativt samband mellan stress samt amotivation gentemot studieprestation. Sammanfattningsvis konstateras genom interaktionseffekten mellan faktorerna akademisk self-efficacy, stress och amotivation att studenter som redovisar en hög akademisk self-efficacy i kombination med låg eller måttlig stress samt låga nivåer av amotivation predicerar bättre studieprestationer. / The purpose of the quantitative questionnaire study, based on 135 university students, was to try to identify factors that can predict academic performance among university students. The hypothesis was that there is a positive relationship between students' academic performance and their academic self-efficacy, academic motivation and resilience coping, and a negative connection between stress and study performance. To measure academic self-efficacy, the instrument Academic Self-Efficacy and Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning was used, academic motivation was measured with the Academic Motivation Scale - University Version. Stress was measured with the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale and resilience coping was measured with the Brief Resilience Coping Scale. The responses were analyzed in the statistics program Jamovi with a correlation analysis, Spearman's rho, and a multiple linear regression analysis. In addition, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed to estimate the value of the factors. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between a high degree of academic self-efficacy and academic performance. There was also a negative relationship between stress and motivation towards study performance. In summary, the interaction effect between the factors academic self-efficacy, stress and amotivation states that students who report a high academic self-efficacy in combination with low or moderate stress and low levels of amotivation predict better academic performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanderley de Paula Junior.pdf: 489443 bytes, checksum: 7b274c88985592b3a664ee29208f2b5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-30 / This study presents a theorical review and an empirical inquiry on subjects: resilience, coping, stress and subjective well-being. The bibliographical review is presented on chapter 1 after a deep investigation and intense researches on articles and books about the subject above quoted. In chapter 2 and 3 it s presented the articles about the research done with 60 patients in radiotherapy treatment. In the first article the goal was to describe the ways patients faced the treatment and also to have a perception of the subjective well-being according to the discussion of resilience. In the second article the objective was to analyse the relationship among coping, resilience and subjective well-being. The results of this inquiry showed the social support, especially the family, the religion and the individual characteristics, as their main support when it comes to facing the illness and its treatment. In the coping strategies, the patients reported having used more the approach strategies (M = 38,64 and DP = 9,66) rather than the avoiding one (M = 26 and DP = 7,89). About the well-being , the participants reported a better positive affection, better satisfaction with life rather than the negative affection and less insatisfaction with life. To the stress symptoms the highest score was to the phycological ones (M = 16,13 and DP = 11, 13) instead of the physical (M =11,69 and DP = 5, 98). The numbers showed important information when they said that the approach strategies, focused on the problem, may be related to the emotional adjustment and also to the subjective well-being. / O presente trabalho apresenta uma revisão teórica e uma pesquisa empírica sobre os temas: resiliência, coping, estresse e bem-estar subjetivo. A revisão bibliográfica é apresentada no capítulo 1, fruto de investigação e compilação de artigos e livros sobre os assuntos acima citados. Nos capítulos 2 e 3 são apresentados os artigos referentes à pesquisa de campo com 60 pacientes com câncer em radioterapia. O primeiro artigo visa descrever as formas de enfrentamento psicológico e a percepção de bem-estar subjetivo dos participantes da pesquisa respaldados na discussão sobre resiliência. No segundo artigo o objetivo foi analisar a relação existente entre coping, resiliência e bem-estar subjetivo na mesma amostra. Os resultados apontaram a rede de apoio social, principalmente a família, a religião e as características individuais como aspectos fundamentais de apoio no enfrentamento da doença e tratamento. Quanto às estratégias de coping os participantes relataram um uso superior de estratégias de aproximação (M = 38,64 e DP = 9,66), do que de evitação (M = 26,12 e DP = 7,89). Quanto ao bem-estar os participantes informaram mais afeto positivo, maior satisfação com a vida do que afeto negativo e menos insatisfação com a vida. Para os sintomas do estresse a maior pontuação foi para sintomas psicológicos (M = 16,13 e DP = 11,13) em relação aos sintomas físicos (M = 11,69 e DP = 5,98). Os dados forneceram informações importantes ao apontar que as estratégias de aproximação, focadas no problema, podem estar relacionadas ao ajustamento emocional e bem-estar subjetivo.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heritable and highly debilitating condition with antidepressants, first-line treatment, demonstrating low to modest response rates. No current biological mechanism substantially explains MDD but both neurostructural and neurochemical pathways have been suggested. Further explication of these may aid in identifying subgroups of MDD that are better defined by their aetiology. Specifically, genetic stratification provides an array of tools to do this, including the intermediate phenotype approach which was applied in this thesis. This thesis explores genetic overlap with regional brain volume and MDD and the genetic and non-genetic components of antidepressant response. The first study utilised the most recent published data from ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-analysis) Consortium's genome-wide association study (GWAS) of regional brain volume to examine shared genetic architecture between seven subcortical brain volumes and intracranial volume (ICV) and MDD. This was explored using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC), polygenic risk scoring (PRS) techniques, Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis and BUHMBOX (Breaking Up Heterogeneous Mixture Based On Cross-locus correlations). Results indicated that hippocampal volume was positively genetically correlated with MDD (rg= 0.46, P= 0.02), although this did not survive multiple comparison testing. Additionally, there was evidence for genetic subgrouping in Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) MDD cases (P=0.00281), however, this was not replicated in two other independent samples. This study does not support a shared architecture for regional brain volumes and MDD, however, provided some evidence that hippocampal volume and MDD may share genetic architecture in a subgroup of individuals, albeit the genetic correlation did not survive multiple testing correction and genetic subgroup heterogeneity was not replicated. To explore antidepressant treatment resistance, the second study utilised prescription data in (GS:SFHS) to define a measure of (a) treatment resistance (TR) and (b) stages of resistance (SR) by inferring antidepressant switching as non-response. GWAS were conducted separately for TR in GS:SFHS and the GENDEP (Genome-based Therapeutic Drugs for Depression) study and then meta-analysed (meta-analysis n=4,213, cases=358). For SR, a GWAS on GS:SFHS only was performed (n=3,452). Additionally, gene-set enrichment, polygenic risk scoring (PRS) and genetic correlation analysis were conducted. No significant locus, gene or gene-set was associated with TR or SR, however power analysis indicated that this analysis was underpowered. Pedigree-based correlations identified genetic overlap with psychological distress, schizotypy and mood disorder traits. Finally, the role of neuroticism, psychological resilience and coping styles in antidepressant resistance was investigated. Univariate, moderation and mediation models were applied using logistic regression and structural equation modelling techniques. In univariate models, neuroticism and emotion-orientated coping demonstrated significant negative association with antidepressant resistance, whereas resilience, task-orientated and avoidance-orientated coping demonstrated significant positive association. No moderation of the association between neuroticism and TR was detected and no mediating effect of coping styles was found. However, resilience was found to partially mediate the association between neuroticism and TR. Whilst the first study does not indicate a genetic overlap between regional brain volumes and MDD, it demonstrates the utility of the intermediate approach in complex disease. Antidepressant resistance was associated with neuroticism both genetically and phenotypically, indicating its role as an intermediate phenotype. Nonetheless, larger sample sizes are needed to adequately address the components of antidepressant resistance. Further work in antidepressant non-response may help to identify biological mechanisms responsible in MDD pathology and help stratify individuals into more tractable groups.

Die wissenschaftliche Studie handelt von den Bewältigungsmöglichen der ökonomischen Krise vormals überschuldeter Privathaushalte mit unterschiedlichem Bildungsniveau unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen des Scheiterns auf die Lebenssituation. Durch die Rekonstruktion der einzelnen Stadien und durchlebten Gefühlsebenen von der Überschuldung bis zur Antragstellung der Privatinsolvenz, während der Wohlverhaltensperiode bis nach der Restschuldbefreiung konnten mittels einer Inhaltsanalyse qualitative Ergebnisse darüber erzielt werden, ob die Identität der zwölf Befragten durch das finanzielle Scheitern dauerhaft beschädigt wurde.:1. Einleitung 2. Die Soziologie und das Scheitern 3. Die überschuldeten Privathaushalte in Deutschland 4. Das Leben der überschuldeten Haushalte vor dem Insolvenzverfahren 5. Die Einleitung des Verbraucherinsolvenzverfahrens und die Wohlverhaltensperiode 6. Das Leben nach der Restschuldbefreiung: Die zweite Chance? 7. Ergebnisdarstellung 8. Schlussbetrachtung und Ausblick: Die Rolle der Schuldnerberatungsstellen 9. Literatur