Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T15:25:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Sergio_Vargas_Junior.pdf: 2395722 bytes, checksum: ea675296329c1671251fe645132fea16 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T16:45:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Sergio_Vargas_Junior.pdf: 2395722 bytes, checksum: ea675296329c1671251fe645132fea16 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T16:45:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Sergio_Vargas_Junior.pdf: 2395722 bytes, checksum: ea675296329c1671251fe645132fea16 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Esta dissertação trata-se de um estudo dos distúrbios entéricos em bezerros diagnosticados na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul em um período de 36 anos. É apresentado um trabalho com a descrição das principais causas de diarreia em bezerros, sendo as causas parasitárias e as bacterianas as mais prevalentes. Foram diagnosticados 94 casos de bezerros com diarreia, destes, 44,7% foram de causas parasitárias e 34,0% de causas bacterianas. A diarreia de causa parasitária foi a mais importante na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul e afetou bezerros de três a 12 meses de idade. É apresentado, também, um estudo que descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e a patologia de um surto de criptosporidiose ocorrido em bezerros na mesma região. De um lote de 400 animais de 30-45 dias de idade, 35 adoeceram e 16 morreram. Os bezerros nasciam fracos e logo após o nascimento apresentavam diarreia amarela, emagrecimento progressivo, desidratação, depressão e morte entre 10 e 15 dias após o início dos sinais clínicos. Na necropsia havia congestão dos vasos sanguíneos intestinais e mesentéricos. Havia distensão intestinal por gás e dilatação de vasos linfáticos. Microscopicamente havia achatamento das vilosidades intestinais, com necrose e atrofia. Aderidas à superfície das células epiteliais das vilosidades, havia estruturas puntiformes basofílicas de 2-5μm de diâmetro compatíveis com Cryptosporidium spp. A microscopia eletrônica revelou a presença de diferentes estágios do agente aderidos às microvilosidades de enterócitos. A criptosporidiose é uma importante causa de diarreia em bezerros não só como um agente oportunista, mas também como um agente primário de diarreia em bezerros. / This dissertation is a study of enteric disorders in calves diagnosed in southern Brazil in 36 years. It is presented a study with the description of the main causes of diarrhea in calves. Parasitic and the bacterial causes are the most prevalent. Ninetyfour cases of calves with diarrhea were diagnosed, of these, 44.7% were of parasitic causes and 34.0% of bacterial causes. Diarrhea of parasitic cause was the most important in southern Brazil and affected calves from three to 12 months of age. Another study is also presented, describing the epidemiological, clinical signs and pathology of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in calves in southern Brazil. Thirty-five out of 400 calves with 30-45 days of age were affected and 16 died. The calves were born weak and just after birth, they had yellow diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, depression, and death between 10 and 15 days after onset of clinical signs. Congestion of the bowel and mesenteric blood vessels were observed at necropsy. Intestinal distension by gas and dilation of lymphatic vessels were also observed. Microscopically, the intestine showed flattening of the villi with necrosis and atrophy. Adhered to the surface of the villus epithelial cells there were round basophilic structures of 2- to 5-μm diameter compatible with Cryptosporidium spp. The electron microscopy revealed the presence of different stages of the agent adhered to the microvilli of enterocytes. Cryptosporidiosis is an important cause of diarrhea in calves not only as an opportunistic agent, but also as a primary agent of diarrhea in calves.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-06-28T16:42:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Daniel_Alves.pdf: 1567054 bytes, checksum: a0aeb3b5f23ef319a384d9e0cf7c6346 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-06-29T16:37:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Daniel_Alves.pdf: 1567054 bytes, checksum: a0aeb3b5f23ef319a384d9e0cf7c6346 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T16:37:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Daniel_Alves.pdf: 1567054 bytes, checksum: a0aeb3b5f23ef319a384d9e0cf7c6346 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Esta dissertação trata-se de um estudo das enfermidades de felinos diagnosticadas nos municípios da área de influência do Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, em um período de 36 anos. É apresentado um trabalho geral das doenças diagnosticadas em felinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos de 1978 e 2014, neste mesmo trabalho são destacadas algumas enfermidades, pela sua maior ocorrência e potencial zoonótico. Este trabalho demonstrou que as neoplasias representam a maior parte de diagnósticos nesta espécie, totalizando 435 casos, sendo desses os mais prevalentes as neoplasias cutâneas e as neoplasias mamárias, dentre as neoplasias cutâneas, o carcinoma de células escamosas foi o mais prevalente. Entre as doenças fúngicas as que apresentaram maior ocorrência foram esporotricose com 37 casos e dermatofitose com 20 casos, parasitoses gastrointestinais representaram 22 diagnósticos, das doenças virais a raiva com 18 casos e peritonite infecciosa felina 18 casos, e quatro casos de tuberculose. É apresentado, também, um trabalho científico referente à Tuberculose felina, sendo uma importante doença que acomete os animais e o homem, abordando a possível origem da infecção. O diagnóstico foi confirmado através da coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), apresentando tambémimunomarcação positiva para micobactéria pela técnica de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) e em dois casos o diagnóstico foi confirmado pela amplificação da sequência genética específica para Mycobacterium tuberculosis pela técnica de Reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). / The diseases of cats diagnosed in the municipalities of the area of influence of the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, which based on a 36 years period. It is presented a general paper of the diseases diagnosed in cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul region between 1978 and 2014, this same work are highlighted some diseases, because of their increased occurrence and zoonotic potential. This paper demonstrated that neoplasms represent the majority of diagnoses in this species, totaling 435 cases, and of these the most prevalent of skin cancer and breast cancer, among skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma was the most prevalent. Among the fungal diseases in higher numbers were sporotrichosis with 37 cases and 20 cases with dermatofitosis, gastrointestinal parasitic diseases accounted for 22 diagnoses of viral diseases rabies with 18 cases and feline infectious peritonitis 18 cases and four cases of tuberculosis. It appears, also, a scientific work related to the feline Tuberculosis(TB), is an important disease that affects animals and man, addressing the possible source of infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN), also presenting a positive immunostaining for mycobacteria by the technique of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in two cases the diagnosis was confirmed by amplification of the specific gene sequence for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

With the abundance of literature focusing on parental influence in sport, it is important to identify family dynamics that extend beyond parents to include siblings. In this study, sibling influence was explored though interviews with previously identified elite youth female athletes (N=4) and their sibling (N=4) of the same sex who participated in the same sport. The purpose was to discover how siblings influence sport participation and how parents influence sibling relationships, retrospectively. Three categories emerged from the data: positive experiences participating in the same sport, negative experiences participating in the same sport, and perception of the parental role. The participants’ descriptions coincide with observational learning and both deidentification and divergence processes. The data adds to the probable sibling and parent experiences proposed in the Developmental Model of Sport Participation and provides insight for athletes, parents, and coaches on how to manage sibling relations in sport. / October 2015

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Diseases of chinchilla were studied through the review of necropsy reports of 202 postmortem examination carried out in this species from January 1997 to December 2011. One hundred and eighty nine of these necropsies (93.5%) had a conclusive diagnosis and in 13 (6.5%) a conclusive diagnosis was not reached due either absence of lesions or advanced autolysis. One hundred and sixty two (80%) of the necropsied chinchilla were females and 37 (18%) were males and the sex was not recorded in four cases (2%). Ages of necropsied chinchillas varied from one day to 12-years-old. The encountered diseases were grouped in the following categories: inflammatory diseases, diseases caused by intoxications, diseases caused by physical agents, metabolic diseases, parasitism, degenerative diseases, circulatory disturbances, developmental disorders and other disorders . Inflammatory diseases were the most prevalent (52 cases [25.7%]) and included gastritis (10 cases), necrotizing enteritis (6 cases), septicemia (5 cases), listeriosis (5 cases), bacterial bronchopneumonia (4 cases), pyometra (4 cases), diarrhea associated with Proteus sp. (3 cases), subcutaneous and lymph node abscesses (2 cases), endometritis (2 cases), otitis (2 cases), pyelonephritis (2 cases), abscesses in hepatic the round ligament (1 cases), fibrinous pneumonia (1 case), interstitial pneumonia (1 case), hepatitis and cholecystitis associated with Salmonella sp. (1 case), pulmonary histiocytosis (1 case), lymphohistiocytic miositis (1 case), and dermatophytosis by Trichopyton mentagrophytes (1 case). The second most prevalent group of diseases was that caused by intoxications (22,3% of the cases) including 45 cases of intoxication by salinomycin. Diseases caused by physical agents (21 cases [10.4%]) included trauma cases caused by other animals (8 cases), self mutilation secondary to intramuscular injection (8 7 cases), rectal prolapsed (3 cases) and dystocia (2 cases). Metabolic diseases were represented by 16 cases (7.9%) of hepatic lipidosis. Parasitic diseases were represented by 8 cases (4%) flea (4 cases) lice (4 cases) infestations and one case o giardiasis. Five cases (2.5%). Degenerative diseases (5 cases or 2,5%) included two cases of chronic renal failure, one case of scattered hepatocellular necrosis and one case of muscle necrosis of unknown origin. Circulatory disturbances included two cases (0.99%) of congestive heart failure. Neoplasms were represented by two cases (0.99%) of gastric adenocarcinoma. Developmental disorders included one (0,5%) case of atresia ani associated with polycystic kidneys and absence of reproductive tract and large intestine. Thirty eight cases (18.8%) did not fit in any of the above categories and were placed as other disorders . In this category dental disease was the most commonly (8 cases or 9%) diagnosed disorder, followed by 14 cases of hyperthermia, tow cases of anemia, two cases of fat metaplasia of adrenal cortex and two cases of mucometra. / As doenças de chinchilas foram estudadas através da avaliação de laudos de necropsia entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2011. Em 202 chinchilas necropsiadas, 189 (93,5%) tiveram o diagnóstico determinado, e 13 (6,5%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivo, por ausência de lesões ou autólise acentuada. Dentre as 202 chinchilas computadas, 162 eram fêmeas (80%), 37 eram machos (18%), e em quatro chinchilas (2%) o sexo não foi anotado. As chinchilas tinham entre um dia a 12 anos de idade. As doenças foram agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: doenças inflamatórias, doenças causadas por intoxicações, doenças causadas por agentes físicos, doenças metabólicas, doenças parasitárias, doenças degenerativas, distúrbios circulatórios, neoplasmas, distúrbios do desenvolvimento e outros distúrbios . As doenças inflamatórias foram as mais prevalentes (52 casos [25,7%]) e foram representadas por casos de gastrite (10 casos), enterite necrosante (6 casos), septicemia (5 casos), listeriose (5 casos), broncopneumonia bacteriana (4 casos), piometra (4 casos), diarreia com isolamento de Proteus sp. (3 casos), abscessos subcutâneos e em linfonodos (2 casos), endometrite (2 casos), otite (2 casos), pielonefrite (2 casos), abscesso do ligamento redondo do fígado (1 caso), pneumonia fibrinosa (1 caso), pneumonia intersticial (1 caso), hepatite e colecistite com isolamento de Salmonella sp. (1 caso), histiocitose pulmonar (1 caso), miosite linfo-histiocítica (1 caso) e um caso de dermatofitose (Trichopyton mentagrophytes). O segundo grupo de doenças mais prevalentes foram as intoxicações (22,3%), representado por 45 casos de intoxicação por salinomicina. As doenças causadas por agentes físicos (21 casos [10,4%]) incluíam casos de traumas causados por outros animais (8 casos), automutilação 5 após injeção intramuscular (8 casos), prolapso de reto (3 casos) e parto distócico (2 casos). A categoria de doenças metabólicas foi representada por 16 casos (7,9%) de lipidose hepática. As doenças parasitárias (8 casos [4%]) consistiram em infestação por pulga (4 casos), piolho (3 casos) e giardíase (1 caso). Doenças degenerativas (5 casos [2,5%]) incluíam insuficiência renal crônica (2 casos), necrose aleatória de hepatócitos (1 caso) e necrose muscular de origem desconhecida (1 caso). Os distúrbios circulatórios incluíram dois casos (0,99%) de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Neoplasmas foram representados por dois casos (0,99%) de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Um caso de atresia ani, associado a ausência do trato reprodutor, intestino grosso e rins policísticos representou a categoria de distúrbios do desenvolvimento (0,5%). Algumas doenças não se enquadraram nas categorias acima e foram enquadradas em outros distúrbios (38 casos [18,8%]). Nesta categoria, doenças dentárias foi o distúrbio mais comum, diagnosticado em 9% (18 de 202) de todas as chinchilas examinadas. Seguido por casos de hipertermia (14 casos), dois casos de anemia, dois casos de metaplasia de células adiposas do córtex da adrenal, e dois casos de mucometra.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of fractures and traumatic appendicular luxations in dogs treated between January 2004 and December 2013 at the Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. In a population of 1200 dogs with suspected traumatic orthopedic diseases in the locomotor system, 955 (79.58%) had appendicular fractures and 245 (20.42%) had appendicular luxations. Of the 955 dog with fractures, 23.56% had fractures of the femur (n = 225), 23.36% pelvic fractures (n = 223), 21.99% tibial and fibula fractures (n = 210), 17.58% radius and ulna fractures (n = 168), 7.54% humerus fractures (n = 72) and 5.97% distal fractures to the tarsus and carpus (n = 57), with the most frequent cause by car accidents (72.21%). The most affected dogs with fractures were male (52.46%), young (41.99%), mixed breed (51.41%) and small size (42.7%). Of the 245 dogs (20.42%) with traumatic luxations, 57.14% were composed by hip luxations (n = 140), patellar luxation 15.1% (n = 37), 9.8% elbow luxations (n = 24), 5.71% sacroiliac luxations (n = 14), 4.49% shoulder luxations (n = 11) and 7.76% of dogs had other luxations (n = 19), with the most frequent cause by car trauma (66.12%). The most affected dogs with traumatic luxations were males (50.2%), mature adults (36.73%), mixed breed (43.67%) and small size (50.48%). In conclusion, in the population of dogs evaluated, the most prevalent appendicular fractures were femoral fractures, pelvic fractures, fractures of the tibia and the fibula and radius and ulna fractures; and the most prevalent traumatic appendicular luxations were hip luxations, patellar luxations and elbow luxations. / O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e determinar a prevalência das fraturas e luxações apendiculares traumáticas em cães atendidos entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2013 no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. De um total de 1.200 cães com suspeita de doença ortopédica de origem traumática no sistema locomotor, 955 (79,58%) apresentaram fraturas apendiculares e 245 (20,42%) luxações apendiculares. Dos 955 cães com fraturas, 23,56% foram fraturas do fêmur (n=225), 23,36% fraturas da pelve (n=223), 21,99% fraturas da tíbia e da fíbula (n=210), 17,58% fraturas do rádio e da ulna (n=168), 7,54% fraturas do úmero (n=72) e 5,97% fraturas distais ao tarso e ao carpo (n=57), decorrentes principalmente de acidentes automobilísticos (72,21%). Os cães mais afetados por fraturas foram machos (52,46%), filhotes (41,99%), sem raça definida (51,41%) e de pequeno porte (42,7%). Dos 245 cães (20,42%) com luxações traumáticas, 57,14% foram constituídas de luxações coxofemorais (n=140), 15,1% luxações de patela (n=37), 9,8% luxações do cotovelo (n=24), 5,71% luxações sacroilíacas (n=14), 4,49% luxações escapuloumerais (n=11) e 7,76% dos cães apresentaram outras luxações (n=19), decorrentes principalmente de acidentes automobilísticos (66,12%). Os cães mais afetados por luxações foram machos (50,2%), adultos maduros (36,73%), sem raça definida (43,67%), de pequeno porte (50,48%). Com base nos resultados encontrados, na população de cães avaliada, conclui-se que: as fraturas apendiculares mais prevalentes foram: fraturas do fêmur, fraturas da pelve, fraturas da tíbia e da fíbula e fraturas do rádio e da ulna; e as luxações apendiculares traumáticas mais prevalentes foram: luxações coxofemorais, luxações de patela e luxações do cotovelo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_melissa_spader.pdf: 390313 bytes, checksum: 8c928d89ed78665d687072b8b29f7e4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-20 / In order to study the feline mammary tumors and to seek methods that allow a more objective and reliable, we performed a retrospective analysis of neoplasms in cats from biopsies and autopsies sent to the Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (LRD) of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) in the period 1979 to 2007. From this review there was an epidemiological study based on data from 55 breast neoplasms diagnosed in this period. The tumors were classified according to the histological description for feline mammary tumors. Were used for this criteria presented by Misdorp (2002) supported by WHO/AFIP. For the descriptive histological classification were the following: Three simple adenomas, seven amendments fibroadenomatous and forty-five malignant tumors. Already the histological grading was established according to the system of Elston & Ellis (1991). The graduation was held in feline mammary carcinomas which totaled 45 samples recovered. Being 26 classified I eat degree II , followed for 13 of degree I & for last 6 of degree III. The targets of the present I study have been comparing the efficiency of two methods of classification histological about to these tumors : the histology descriptive and the gradation histological, and again verify factors prognosis of carcinomas feline by technique of quantification of AgNORs breast tumors in cat. Most of these were classified as grade II, followed by grade I and grade III finally. The objective was to further investigate the relationship of these two methods of classification with the AgNOR indices. There was an average of 5.34 AgNOR/nucleus (range 2.06 to 7.88). The counting of AgNOR was evaluated considering the histological grading system. Comparisons were made between the values of AgNOR/nucleus by non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis for independent samples. It is concluded that the two classification systems are complementary, but the histological grading provides more detailed information on the possible biological behavior of these neoplasms, and that the mean AgNOR/nucleus tends to increase in tumors that show histological features of malignancy. / Com o objetivo de estudar os tumores mamários felinos e de buscar métodos que permitam uma classificação mais objetiva e fidedigna, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos neoplasmas em felinos, provenientes de biópsias e necropsias enviadas ao Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico (LRD) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), no período de 1979 a 2007. A partir desta revisão realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico baseada nos dados de 55 neoplasmas mamários diagnosticados nesse período. Os tumores foram classificados de acordo com a descrição histológica para tumores mamários felinos. Para isso utilizaram-se critérios apresentado por Misdorp (2002) apoiado pela OMS/AFIP. Pela classificação histológica descritiva proposta foram encontradas as seguintes alterações: Três adenomas simples, sete alterações fibroadenomatosas e quarenta e cinco tumores malignos. Já a graduação histológica foi estabelecida de acordo com o sistema de Elston & Ellis (1991). A graduação foi realizada nos carcinomas mamários felinos que totalizaram 45 amostras recuperadas. Sendo 26 classificados como grau II, seguido por 13 de grau I e por último 6 de grau III. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram comparar a eficiência de dois métodos de classificação histológica para estes tumores: a histologia descritiva e a graduação histológica, e ainda verificar fatores prognósticos de carcinomas felinos pela técnica de quantificação de AgNORs em tumores mamários felinos. Observando-se uma média de 5,34 AgNORs/núcleo (amplitude de 2,06 a 7,88). As contagem de AgNORs foram avaliadas considerando o sistema de graduação histológica. Foram realizadas comparações entre os valores de AgNOR/núcleo através do teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis para amostras independentes. Conclui-se que os dois sistemas de classificação se complementam, mas a graduação histológica fornece uma informação mais detalhada sobre o possível comportamento biológico destas neoplasias, e que a média de AgNORs/núcleo tende a elevar-se em tumores que apresentem características histológicas de malignidade.

In der Literatur finden sich viele Angaben zur Wirkung des Testosterons, zur Symptomatik eines Testosteron-Defizits, zu den Auswirkungen eines zu hohen Spiegels durch Doping und auch internationale Guidelines zur Diagnose und Therapie des Testosteron-Defizits. Zu dessen Ursachen ist vieles bekannt, vor allem zum angeborenen Mangel, weniger zum erworbenen Mangel. Es besteht eine Liste von Ätiologien, aber ohne Angaben zu deren Häufigkeit. Dies ist der Ausgangspunkt der Arbeit. In einer allgemein-internistischen Praxis werden Daten von einer Patientenpopulation von 108 Männern mit Testosteron-Defizit erhoben. Neben den Laborwerten und der Symptomatik werden Untersuchungsbefunde vor Therapiebeginn erfasst. Diese Angaben werden systematisch ergänzt durch eine Anamnese von Krankheiten, die in den Guidelines als Ätiologien des erworbenen Testosteron-Defizits stehen. Daraus können Prävalenzen dieser Krankheiten in der Patientenpopulation errechnet werden. Prävalenzen für die Gesamtbevölkerung sind in der Literatur zu finden. Diese werden statistisch miteinander verglichen. Für die Befunde Hodenvolumen kleiner als15 ml, Hodenhochstand, Infertilität und verminderte Zeugungsfähigkeit und St n. Vasektomie kann in der Patientenpopulation eine höhere Prävalenz nachgewiesen werden. Zwischen Hodenvolumen (gemessen mit Orchidometern nach Prader) und Testosteron-Spiegel besteht eine Korrelation, die mit einer linearen Regression dargestellt werden kann. Eine entsprechende Korrelation zwischen dem Intervall zwischen Vasektomie und Diagnose des Testosteron-Defizits und dem Testosteron-Spiegel ist nicht signifikant. Diese Daten werden anhand der Literatur diskutiert, speziell auch im Hinblick auf Inflammation in den Testes als mögliche gemeinsame Pathogenese. Als Schlussfolgerungen werden Empfehlungen für die Präventivuntersuchung des Mannes bei Hausärzten und Urologen, für Abklärungen beim Fertilitätsspezialisten und die Forschung dargelegt. / There are many indications in the literature about the effects of testosterone, on the symptoms of a testosterone deficit, on the effects of excessive levels of doping, and also international guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the testosterone deficit. There are many known causes of this, especially the congenital deficiency, less of the acquired deficiency. There is a list of etiologies, but no information about their frequency. This is the starting point of the work. In a general-internal practice, data are collected from a patient population of 108 men with testosterone deficit. In addition to the laboratory values ​​ and the symptoms, examination findings are recorded before the start of therapy. These data are systematically supplemented by an anamnesis of diseases that are included in the guidelines as etiologies of the acquired testosterone deficit. Prevalence of these diseases in the patient population can be calculated from this. Prevalence for the whole population can be found in the literature. These are compared statistically with each other. A higher prevalence can be detected in the patient population for the findings of testicular volume of less than 15 ml, meldescensus testis, infertility and reduced fertility and status after vasectomy. There is a correlation between testicular volume (as measured by Orchidometers according to Prader) and testosterone level, which can be represented by a linear regression. A corresponding correlation between the interval between vasectomy and diagnosis of the testosterone deficiency and the testosterone level is not significant. These data are discussed with reference to the literature, especially with regard to inflammation in the testes as possible common pathogenesis. Conclusions include recommendations for preventive examinations of the man in general practitioners and urologists, for examinations in fertility specialists and research.

No description available.

No description available.