Mobil förskola är ett fenomen som har börjat ta plats och växer snabbt som ett komplement till den ordinarie pedagogiska förskoleverksamheten. Den har uppkommit som ett resultat av att samhället förändras och det ställer andra och nya krav på förskolan och skolan att möta barn och elever i ett lärande. Det finns många åsikter om vad som är bra eller mindre bra för barns lärande och utveckling men det saknas en övergripande forskning om mobil förskola som stöd för nya antaganden, tankar och idéer. För att förstå lärandet har jag valt att lyfta fram teoretiska funderingar ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som har kopplats ihop med forskning både från förskola och från skola. Resultatet visar att pedagogerna ser den mobila förskolan som ett verktyg som underlättar för dem att genomföra sitt uppdrag om lärande och utveckling. Barns språkutveckling, att barn förstår olika sammanhang och att de utvecklar sin grovmotorik är särskilda kunskaper som pedagogerna menar utvecklas genom mobil förskola. / Mobile Preschool is a phenomenon that has begun to take place and is growing rapidly as a supplement to the ordinary preschool pedagogy. It has risen as a result of the changes in society which requires preschools and schools to meet children´s and student´s needs in learning. There are many opinions about what is good or less good for children's learning and development, but there is a lack of all-embracing research about Mobile Preschool that supports new assumptions, thoughts, and ideas. To understand the actual learning, I have chosen to highlight the theoretical musings from a socio-cultural perspective that has been paired with research about both preschools and schools. The results show that teachers see the Mobile Preschool as a tool that makes it easier for them to carry out their mission to make sure the children learn and develop. Children's language development, their understanding of different contexts and the development of their gross motor skills are things that educators say are specifically developed through Mobile Preschool.

Le système circadien muti-oscillant est constitué de l'horloge suprachiasmatique (SCN), l'horloge principale dans l'hypothalamus antérieur, et de nombreuses horloges périphériques. L'horloge SCN synchronise les horloges périphériques situées dans chaque organe. L'horloge SCN est une horloge circadienne auto-entretenue qui maintient les rythmes quotidiens comportementaux, physiologiques et neuroendocriniens. Les donneurs de temps (zeitgebers), tels que lumière et nourriture, sont des synchroniseurs puissants, respectivement pour le SCN et les horloges périphériques. La thèse visait à mieux comprendre les interactions entre les horloges circadiennes et le comportement alimentaire chez les espèces nocturnes. Nous avons montré dans la première et la seconde partie que l'alimentation ultradienne affecte les horloges centrales et périphériques chez la souris et le rat. Dans la première étude, nous avons conclu que l'alimentation ultradienne chez la souris a un impact majeur sur la sortie de l'horloge SCN et sur l'horloge périphérique dans le foie, tandis que dans la seconde étude, l'alimentation ultradienne chez le rat n'a eu pas d'impact sur l'horloge SCN, mais il a modifié les horloges périphériques et le métabolisme des lipides. Dans la troisième partie, nous avons montré des effets différentiels du régime alimentaire et de la restriction alimentaire temporelle sur les horloges périphériques du tissu adipeux brun et du muscle squelettique. Dans la quatrième partie, nous avons démontré un rôle du gène d'horloge Rev-erbα dans le comportement alimentaire et le métabolisme énergétique en comparant des souris porteuses d’une délétion de Rev-erbα, soit globale, soit limitée au système nerveux central. L’ensemble de ces études révèle l'interdépendance des horloges circadiennes et du comportement alimentaire, ainsi que leurs effets sur le métabolisme énergétique. / The muti-oscillatory circadian system consists of the suprachiasmatic clock (SCN) the master clock, located above the optic chiasm of the anterior hypothalamus, and many peripheral clocks. The SCN clock synchronizes the other peripheral oscillators located in each organ. The SCN clock is a self-sustaining circadian oscillator maintaining the daily behavioural, physiological, and neuroendocrine rhythms. The zeitgebers such as light and food are potent synchronizers for the SCN and other peripheral clocks. The thesis was aimed to understand different aspects of the interactions between circadian clocks and feeding behaviour in nocturnal species. We showed in the first and second parts that the ultradian feeding affects the central and peripheral clocks in mice and rats. In the first part, we concluded that the ultradian feeding in mice has major impacts on the SCN clock output and the peripheral clock in the liver, while in the second part ultradian feeding in rats does not have impact on the SCN clock but it affects peripheral clocks and lipid metabolism. In the third part, we showed the differential effects of diet and time restricted feeding in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle peripheral clocks. In the fourth part, we showed the role of clock gene Rev-erbα on feeding behaviour and energy metabolism by comparing between global and brain specific knock-out mice. The present studies reveal the interdependency of the circadian clocks and feeding behaviour, and their effects on whole-body metabolism.

Traditional analysis of aquifer tests uses the observed hydrograph at one well caused by pumping at another well for estimating transmissivity and storage coefficient of an aquifer. The analysis relies on Theis' or Jacob's approximate solution, which assumes aquifer homogeneity. Aquifers are inherently heterogeneous at different scales. If the observation well taps into a low permeability zone while the pumping well is located in a high permeable zone, the resulting situation contradicts the homogeneity assumption embedded in the traditional analysis. As a result, a practical but important question we ask: What do we derive from the traditional analysis? Using numerical experiments in synthetic aquifers, we answer this question. Results of the experiments indicate that the effective transmissivity, Teff , and storage coefficient, Seff , values vary with time, as well as the principal directions of the transmissivity, but both values approach their geometric means of the aquifer at large times. Analysis of the estimated transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S ) using well hydrographs from a single observation well shows that at early times, both the estimated T and S values vary with time. At late times, both estimates approach local averages near the observation well. The T value approaches but does not equal Teff , representing an average value over a broad area in the vicinity of the observation well while the S value converges to the value dominated by the storage coefficient near the observation wells (i.e., its average area is much smaller than that of the t value).

nÃo hà / IntroduÃÃo: Rev Responsive Element (RRE) à uma molÃcula RNA responsÃvel pelo transporte do mRNA viral do HIV-1 do nÃcleo para o citoplasma da cÃlula CD4, atravÃs da via RRE-Rev, essencial para a replicaÃÃo viral. As mutaÃÃes de resistÃncia a Enfuvirtida sÃo primariamente localizadas no perÃmetro de 10 aminoÃcidos do HR1, regiÃo correspondente no RRE. Caracterizar o RRE poderà fornecer uma nova abordagem terapÃutica para a terapia do HIV. Objetivos: Sequenciar e caracterizar o RRE da gp41 para avaliar sua variabilidade e correlaÃÃo com parÃmetros laboratoriais em sequÃncias de pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 que receberam terapia antirretroviral ou virgens. Em estudo in vitro avaliar a mutaÃÃo 36D na presenÃa de Enfuvirtida. Metodologia: 62 amostras de pacientes com HIV-1 do Cearà foram coletadas e 35 sequÃncias de RRE foram obtidas e distribuÃdas em trÃs grupos para fins de anÃlise comparativa: N (virgens de terapia), T (uso de antirretroviral sem inibidor de fusÃo) e F (uso de antirretroviral associados a Enfuvirtida). SequÃncias obtidas foram alinhadas com o banco de dados de Los Alamos para HIV usando HIV BLAST Search. Estudo in vitro utilizou dois vÃrus de laboratÃrio pNLA-3 (36D e 36G) observando citopatogenicidade e proliferaÃÃo na presenÃa de doses crescentes de Enfuvirtida. Resultados: A anÃlise filogenÃtica demonstrou alta prevalÃncia do HIV-1 subtipo B (97,2%). Observou-se aumento da resposta imunolÃgica no grupo T (71,5%) comparado ao F (2,98%). MutaÃÃes mais comuns e polimorfismos do Grupo N foram Q32L (41,6%), N42S (8,3%), R46K (33,3%), L54M (41,6%); no grupo T: Q32R (8,3%), R46K (25%), L54M (33,3%); e no grupo F: Q32L (18,2%), G36D (9,1%), V38A (9,1%), N42S (27,3%), N42T (9,1%), R46K (27,3%), L54M (45,4%), K77R (54,5%). TrÃs amostras demonstraram mutaÃÃes de resistÃncia significativas para os inibidores de fusÃo. AnÃlise dos sÃtios primÃrios de ligaÃÃo do RRE observou presenÃa de mutaÃÃo 28A em 27,2% e 8,3% nos grupos F e N respectivamente, e 27S em 8,3% no grupo T. Houve pressÃo seletiva da regiÃo HR1 do HIV-1 de pacientes usando antirretroviral, independente da exposiÃÃo à Enfuvirtida. NÃo houve diferenÃa estatÃstica significativa nas curvas de p24 do vÃrus 36D comparado com 36G, independente de concentraÃÃes de T20 (p>0.05). Observou-se menor formaÃÃo de sincÃcio, com diminuiÃÃo da capacidade fusogÃnica, sem impacto na infectividade. ConclusÃo: O estudo definiu as mutaÃÃes e polimorfismos mais prevalentes no CearÃ, sugerindo alta preservaÃÃo nas regiÃes de sÃtio primÃrio de ligaÃÃo do Rev-RRE. Evidenciou baixo perfil de resistÃncia a Enfuvirtida em regimes com falha utilizando esta medicaÃÃo. Detectou-se pressÃo seletiva no HR1 do HIV-1 de pacientes em uso de Antirretroviral, independente de exposiÃÃo à Enfuvirtida. Evidenciado in vitro menor formaÃÃo sincicial no vÃrus 36D, com diminuiÃÃo na atividade fusogÃnica, mantendo infectividade. / Introduction: Rev Responsive Element (RRE) is a RNA molecule responsible to mRNA from HIV-1 virus nuclear transportation to cytoplasm through RRE-Rev pathway, essential to virus replication. Enfuvirtide resistance mutations are primary located in a perimeter of 10 amino acids of HR1, a corresponded region of RRE. Characterize RRE should provide a new approach for HIV therapy. Objectives: Sequence and characterize RRE from gp41 to evaluate variability and correlate with laboratory parameters in sequences from HIV-1-infected patients, which were receiving regimens including Enfuvirtide, naÃve or rescue therapy. Also evaluated mutation G to D at codon 36 in the presence of fusion inhibitor (enfuvirtide). Methods: Sixty-two samples from HIV patients in Ceara/Brazil were collected and Thirty-five RRE sequences and clinical follow-up were analyzed, distributed into three groups: N (naÃve therapy), T (treated patients with rescue regimens) and F (rescue regimens containing Enfuvirtide). Sequences obtained were aligned with Los Alamos HIV sequence database by using the HIV BLAST Search. Culture Study was performed using two different pNLA-3 (36D and 36G) with increasing amounts of enfuvirtide. Results: A phylogenetic analyses demonstrated higher prevalence of HIV-1 subtypes B (97.2%). An increased immunology response was observed in CD4 count higher on group T (71.5%) compared with F (2.98%). Group N most common mutations and polymorphisms were Q32L (41.6%), N42S (8.3%), R46K (33.3%), L54M (41.6%); group T: Q32R (8.3%), R46K (25%), L54M (33.3%); and group F: Q32L (18.2%), G36D (9.1%), V38A (9.1%), N42S (27.3%), N42T (9.1%), R46K (27.3%), L54M (45.4%), K77R (54.5%). Three samples demonstrated significant resistance mutations to fusion inhibitors. Analysis of RRE nucleotide primary sites observed mutation 28A in 27.2% and 8.3% on groups F and N respectively, and 27S in 8.3% on group T. There was selective pressure on HR1 region from HIV-1 patients using antiretroviral, independent of enfuvirtide exposure. There was no statistical difference between p24 curves of virus 36D compared with 36G, independent of T20 concentrations (p>0.05). It was observed less syncytial formation in 36D virus, with diminished fusogenic activity besides keeping infectivity. Conclusions: This study defined most prevalent RRE polymorphisms in Ceara/Brazil and suggests highly preserved regions primary sites to Rev connection. Observed a low resistance profile to enfuvirtide in failing regimens with this drug. Selective pressure on HR1 region in failed regimens with out fusion inhibitors was detected. A less syncytial formation in 36D virus with diminished fusogenic activity was detected.

Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus that is closely related to visna virus and more distantly related to the human lentivirus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). The CAEV genome contains several small open reading frames (ORFs) that encode viral regulatory proteins. One of these non-structural proteins, Rev-C, is required for cytoplasmic transport of viral un/incompletely spliced mRNAs and efficient viral replication. In HIV-1 and visna virus, Rev is responsible for the temporal shift from non-structural protein synthesis to synthesis of structural proteins that is observed during the viral infectious cycle. Since it encodes a Rev protein, CAEV would be predicted to exhibit a similar temporal shift in gene expression during its replicative cycle. Immunoprecipitation analysis of 35S-pulse labeled, CAEV-infected goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells indicates that Rev-C is more abundant than is Gag at 12 h post-infection (PI); at later times PI Gag predominates. Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) experiments using nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA from CAEV-infected GSM cells indicates that the viral unspliced gag mRNA accumulates significantly in the cytoplasm only after Rev is detected. These data indicate that a temporal shift from viral non-structural to structural gene expression occurs in CAEV infected GSM cells.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of McMaster Divinity College in partial fulfilment ofthe requirements for the degree of Doctor of Practical Theology / Board members and pastors in Canadian Protestant churches need a stronger theological foundation for the practice of evaluating what “success” means for the local church. The Canadian church exists in a post-Christendom context where significant shifts have taken place relative to its perceived value and prominence in Canadian culture, which has sparked new interest in examining ministry fruitfulness. Within this context, the skill of conducting a theologically sound organizational evaluation will become a critical practice. This practical theology project follows the methodology of Richard Osmer, giving prominence to practice-led research as an over-arching paradigm. Empirical research, biblical interpretation, and theological reflection are key features ofthis project, which the researcher approached from the perspective of a consultant to church board leaders. Primary research was conducted among pastors and board members of Canadian Protestant churches to provide a research-informed understanding of evaluation criteria, processes, and tools currently used; theological principles, biblical passages, and spiritual practices that guide the evaluation process; and barriers or obstacles experienced. The messages to the seven churches in Rev 2-3 were used as an evaluation paradigm, which was tested, refined, and validated in research with five case study churches. Within these messages, Christ set out criteria for evaluation as well as an evaluation process methodology. Christ exhorted the seven churches to maintain a faithful witness, practice love, and produce fruitful service. Christ also warned them about the dangers of assimilating with culture as well as the importance of being attentive and diligent about false teachers and influencers within their churches. The evaluation methodology modelled in the literary form ofthe messages provides a Christcentric pathway for ministry evaluation. Christ’s evaluation methodology includes an acknowledgement ofChrist’s sovereignty, a context specific evaluation, an authoritative and aligned evaluation, a balanced approach of commendation and exhortation, a call to action, the practice of discernment, and a focus on the long-term mission of God. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på pedagogernas tankar och upplevelser av pedagogisk dokumentation, vilka hinder och svårigheter de stöter på och vad har förändrats i arbetet med dokumentation sedan läroplanen för förskolan reviderades år 2010.I undersökningen deltog fem pedagoger, varav fyra förskollärare och en barnskötare. Kvalitativa intervjuer användes som forskningsmetod. Empirin analyserades genom den sociokulturella teorin och Vygotskijs tankar om barns lärande och utveckling och även Lenz Taguchis tolkning av det konstruktionistiska perspektivet och pedagogiken inspirerad av Reggio Emilia. Resultatet visar att de flesta pedagoger har en positiv syn på dokumentation och ser dess fördelar. Majoriteten av pedagoger anser att tiden är största hindret i arbetet med dokumentation vilket ibland leder till frustration. Alla pedagoger anser att det är svårt att vara närvarande och dokumenterande pedagog samtidigt. De flesta ser en tydlig förändring i arbetet med dokumentation efter att läroplanen för förskolan reviderades år 2010.

Lipoxygenases convert polyunsaturated fatty acids into biologically active metabolites such as inflammatory mediators—prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The inhibition of lipoxygenases is increasingly employed in the treatment of cancer. We evaluated the anticancer potential of two novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, named CarbZDNaph and CarbZDChin, which are analogues of the commercially available inhibitor Rev-5901. The in vitro segment of this study was conducted on a mouse colorectal carcinoma cell line—CT26CL25. For an in vivo model, we induced tumors in BALB/c mice by the implantation of CT26CL25 cells, and we treated the animals with potential inhibitors. A 48 h treatment resulted in diminished cell viability. Calculated IC50 values (halfmaximal inhibitory concentrations) were 25 µM, 15 µM and 30 µM for CarbZDNaph, CarbZDChin and Rev-5901, respectively. The detailed analysis of mechanism revealed an induction of caspasedependent apoptosis and autophagy. In the presence of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, we observed an increased mortality of cells, implying a cytoprotective role of autophagy. Our in vivo experiment reports tumor growth attenuation in animals treated with CarbZDChin. Compounds CarbZDNaph and Rev-5901 lacked an in vivo efficacy. The results presented in this study display a strong effect of compound CarbZDChin on malignant cell growth. Having in mind the important role of inflammation in cancer development, these results have a significant impact and are worthy of further evaluation.

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