Title: Comparison of rhythmic stabilization according to Kabat with the techniques used in practice. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis was to measure and compare the level of muscle activity and the level of cocontraction of Muscle quadratus lumborum sinister, obliquus internus abdominis sinister, rectus abdominis sinister and dexter obliquus externus abdominis, which were exposed to different stabilization techniques - rhythmic stabilization and technique used in practice - technique "shove". Methods: This is an experimental study which is analyzed and then assessing the level of cocontraction of antagonists and the degree of muscle strength in two different ways- the technique of PNF and technique pushing. We use a surface electromyography as an objectification method. The sample consisted of 7 probands. Results: It was discovered that left side lying position not enlarged to the level of activity of all muscles required, therefore the muscles involved in PNF diagonals. Prerequisite increased level of activation during rhythmic stabilization technique according to Kabat was confirmed only in m. quadratus lumborum sinister and m. obliquus externus abdominis dexter and the values statistically insignificant. Participation of the rectus abdominis though its dominant and statistically...

Characterization work: The rhythm of the movement is considered one of the basic assumptions of the optimum design movement technique. It develops musical-physical assumptions, and therefore a rhythmic feeling, which is important in children's categories. These assumptions can influence the appropriate intervention program of music and movement activities. Well mastered rhythm and movement patterns contribute to the successful acquisition of a variety of physical activities and sports performance in the final. Objective: The aim of this work is to elaborate an intervention program focused on music and movement activities. These activities develop and enhance music assumptions with mainly a sense of rhythm, coordination of movement and an ability to handle performance music, as well as movement etudes for children of school age. The intervention program is made up of several sections that include activity without music, as well as with music and activities with sounding tools. Methodology: In my work I used empirical method of research - testing. We worked with experimental (EG) and control (CG) group. Both groups underwent input diagnostic rhythmic abilities. Subsequently, on the basis of diagnosis, age-old practice and literature, I created a musical movement intervention program for the...

Este trabalho propõe uma primeira tradução do conjunto de poemas Twenty-One Love Poems (1974-1976) de Adrienne Rich para o português brasileiro e divide-se em dois eixos: o primeiro centra-se nos estudos feministas da tradução, revisando o projeto de Adrienne Rich e o balanço entre a cooperação da tradutora e a tradução como crítica. Discutem-se, caso a caso, as marcações de gênero na tradução, pensando a falácia da neutralidade e as possibilidades relacionadas ao gênero gramatical, com base nos trabalhos de Olga Castro e Myriam Diaz-Diocaretz. O segundo eixo centra-se nas estratégias de recriação de aspectos retórico-formais tais como o contraste entre características antiestéticas e a ambivalência rítmica gerada pela evocação do blank verse, aspectos implicados no ato de re-visão da tradição dos sonetos de amor ingleses performada pela sequência. Com base nos trabalhos de Alice Templeton, Sheila Black, Alicia Ostriker, dentre outras, busca-se mostrar como a postura ambivalente em relação à tradição poética é constituinte do desafio de Rich em sua busca por uma linguagem feminista que alinharia o estético e o político. Para a abordagem da recriação de traços formais, mobilizam-se trabalhos de Paulo Henriques Britto, Mário Laranjeira e Derek Attridge. O conceito de ambivalência que amarra o trabalho recai, por fim, sobre o uso de dêiticos para demarcar espaços, nomear o corpo e fundar a subjetividade autocrítica da voz poemática. Veicula-se a opacidade dos dêiticos, conforme abordada por Giorgio Agamben, a uma postura ambígua frente ao ato adâmico de nomear. / This work presents and discusses a translation of Adrienne Rich\'s set of poems Twenty-One Love Poems (1974-1976) into Brazilian Portuguese. Based on Alice Templeton\'s criticism, it aims to explore the notion of dialogue as well as the re-vision (Rich\'s concept) of the love sonnets\' tradition performed by this sequence of lesbian poems, perhaps the first one written by a major North American poet. The work consists of two parts: the first one focuses on feminist translation studies and the balance between translator\'s cooperation and criticism. It also discusses gender marks on a case-by-case basis, considering the fallacy of neutrality and some possibilities related to grammatical gender, based on the works of Olga Castro and Myriam Diaz-Diocaretz. The second part outlines strategies of re-creation of rhetorical-formal traits such as the anti-aesthetic features and the rhythmic ambivalence given by the poems\' evocation of the blank verse. Formal traits such as these reiterate the challenge faced by Rich in her search for a feminist language in confrontation with the masculine canon, as she reworks traditional poetic forms from another perspective, looking for the dream of a common language, that would align the poetic and the political aspects. This act of translation deals not only with the recreation of traditional Portuguese verse forms, but with the transposition of the notion of tradition to another context as well. This approach is based on the works of Haroldo de Campos, Paulo Henriques Britto, Mário Laranjeira and Derek Attridge.

A pesquisa tem como objeto de investigação a percepção climática, inserido o conceito de clima caracterizado como o ritmo de atuação dos tipos de tempo, e o conforto térmico. Os estudos mais conhecidos em conforto térmico quantificam os efeitos físicos e fisiológicos da ambiência atmosférica nas pessoas, baseados em índices, deixando lacunas no conhecimento tanto da dinâmica do clima, na qual se inserem as variáveis ambientais, como na subjetividade do fenômeno para o entendimento dessa realidade. Considerando essa problemática, a presente pesquisa questiona a insuficiência dos referidos índices por um viés exclusivamente positivista para o entendimento da percepção climática e do conforto térmico, especialmente em climas quentes como o de Palmas, Tocantins. No intuito de conhecer as essências do clima e do conforto térmico enquanto fenômenos vividos, a tese tem como objetivo contribuir com o entendimento de tais temas de forma interdisciplinar, enfocando de modo complementar seus aspectos objetivos e subjetivos. Para isso, a metodologia adotada compreendeu quatro etapas: (1) a análise rítmica anual em dois anos-padrão selecionados, um de padrão confortável e um de padrão desconfortável, 1997 e 2013, respectivamente, em conjunção com o Discomfort Index (DIT), proposto por Thom (1959); (2) a análise rítmica episódica, abarcando três episódios entre os anos 2015 e 2016, em conjunção com os índices de conforto PET e UTCI, aplicada em área externa na cidade; (3) a avaliação quali-quantitativa de dados pessoais dos moradores sobre sua percepção térmica, coletados por meio de questionários durante estes mesmos episódios; (4) e a análise dos dados subjetivos utilizando aplicação empírica do método fenomenológico, com as orientações operacionais de Giorgi (2012a). A tese procurou fornecer algumas contribuições metodológicas principais: um enfoque interdisciplinar da análise rítmica do clima (e do microclima medido in loco) com os índices de conforto térmico; uma abordagem interrelacional entre as análises climáticas e a percepção das pessoas sobre o clima e o conforto térmico, envolvendo seus aspectos objetivos e subjetivos; e o uso inédito de uma abordagem fenomenológica nos campos da climatologia e do conforto térmico. A dinâmica climática em Palmas demonstrou que a cidade apresenta altas temperaturas em todo o ano, com dois períodos distintos, chuvoso e seco, apresentando maior desconforto térmico na transição do período seco para o período chuvoso. Além disso, verificou-se que a cidade vem apresentando ampliação do desconforto térmico ao longo do período analisado (1995–2014). A avaliação quali-quantitativa apontou que as variáveis ligadas à experiência térmica, aos aspectos físico-fisiológicos e à experiência afetiva influenciaram na maioria das vezes parcialmente na percepção do conforto térmico das pessoas. A estrutura essencial revelada na análise fenomenológica demonstrou que o clima é somente mais um elemento em um vasto conjunto de aspectos naturais, sociais, econômicos, culturais etc., que interferem no bem-estar e na qualidade de vida dos sujeitos, e no seu conforto térmico, o que reforça a necessidade de uma abordagem menos parcial da realidade complexa da percepção climática. / The research has as its aim to investigate the climate perception, introduced the concept of climate characterized as the rhythm of the performance of the types of weather and thermal comfort. The better known studies on thermal comfort quantify the physical and physiological effects of the atmospheric ambience on people, based on indices, leaving gaps on the knowledge both in the climate dynamics, in which the environmental variables are inserted and in the phenomenon subjectivity for the understanding of this reality. Considering that issue, the present research enquires the insufficiency of the referred indices via an exclusively positivist bias for the comprehension of the climate perception and the thermal comfort, especially in warm climates like the one of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. With the purpose of learning about the essences of the climate and thermal comfort as lived phenomena, the thesis aims to contribute with the mastery of those themes in an interdisciplinary way, focusing their objective and subjective aspects in a complementary manner. To accomplish that, the method used complied four phases: (1) the annual rhythmic analysis in two selected standard-years, one of comfortable standard and one of uncomfortable standard, 1997 and 2013, respectively, in conjunction with the Discomfort Index (DIT), proposed by Thom (1959); (2) the episodic rhythmic analysis, involving three episodes within the years 2015 and 2016, in conjunction with the PET and UTCI comfort indices, applied in outer area of the city; (3) the quali-quantitative evaluation of personal data of the residents about their thermal perception, collected through questionnaires during those same episodes; (4) and the analysis of the subjective data utilizing empiric application of the phenomenological method, with the operational orientations of Giorgi (2012a). The thesis sought to provide some main methodological contributions: an interdisciplinary approach of the climate rhythmic analysis (and the microclimate measured in loco) with the thermal comfort indices; a inter-relational approach between the climate analyses and the people’s perception on the climate and thermal comfort, comprising their objective and subjective aspects; and the unprecedented use of a phenomenological focus on the climatology and thermal comfort. The climate dynamics in Palmas demonstrated that the city renders high temperatures throughout the year, with two distinct periods, rainy and dry, presenting greater thermal discomfort in the transition from the dry season to the rainy one. Furthermore, it was verified that the city has been presenting an expansion of the thermal comfort along the analyzed period (1995–2014). The quali-quantitative assessment pointed out that the variables linked to the thermal experience, to the physical-physiological aspects and to the affective experience most of the time influenced partially on the people’s thermal comfort perception. The essential structure unveiled in the phenomenological analysis showed that the climate is only one more element in a vast assembly of natural, social, economic and cultural aspects, which interfere on the well-being and the quality of life of the subjects and on their thermal comfort, what enhances the need of a less partial approach of the complex reality of the climate perception.

Este trabalho propõe uma primeira tradução do conjunto de poemas Twenty-One Love Poems (1974-1976) de Adrienne Rich para o português brasileiro e divide-se em dois eixos: o primeiro centra-se nos estudos feministas da tradução, revisando o projeto de Adrienne Rich e o balanço entre a cooperação da tradutora e a tradução como crítica. Discutem-se, caso a caso, as marcações de gênero na tradução, pensando a falácia da neutralidade e as possibilidades relacionadas ao gênero gramatical, com base nos trabalhos de Olga Castro e Myriam Diaz-Diocaretz. O segundo eixo centra-se nas estratégias de recriação de aspectos retórico-formais tais como o contraste entre características antiestéticas e a ambivalência rítmica gerada pela evocação do blank verse, aspectos implicados no ato de re-visão da tradição dos sonetos de amor ingleses performada pela sequência. Com base nos trabalhos de Alice Templeton, Sheila Black, Alicia Ostriker, dentre outras, busca-se mostrar como a postura ambivalente em relação à tradição poética é constituinte do desafio de Rich em sua busca por uma linguagem feminista que alinharia o estético e o político. Para a abordagem da recriação de traços formais, mobilizam-se trabalhos de Paulo Henriques Britto, Mário Laranjeira e Derek Attridge. O conceito de ambivalência que amarra o trabalho recai, por fim, sobre o uso de dêiticos para demarcar espaços, nomear o corpo e fundar a subjetividade autocrítica da voz poemática. Veicula-se a opacidade dos dêiticos, conforme abordada por Giorgio Agamben, a uma postura ambígua frente ao ato adâmico de nomear. / This work presents and discusses a translation of Adrienne Rich\'s set of poems Twenty-One Love Poems (1974-1976) into Brazilian Portuguese. Based on Alice Templeton\'s criticism, it aims to explore the notion of dialogue as well as the re-vision (Rich\'s concept) of the love sonnets\' tradition performed by this sequence of lesbian poems, perhaps the first one written by a major North American poet. The work consists of two parts: the first one focuses on feminist translation studies and the balance between translator\'s cooperation and criticism. It also discusses gender marks on a case-by-case basis, considering the fallacy of neutrality and some possibilities related to grammatical gender, based on the works of Olga Castro and Myriam Diaz-Diocaretz. The second part outlines strategies of re-creation of rhetorical-formal traits such as the anti-aesthetic features and the rhythmic ambivalence given by the poems\' evocation of the blank verse. Formal traits such as these reiterate the challenge faced by Rich in her search for a feminist language in confrontation with the masculine canon, as she reworks traditional poetic forms from another perspective, looking for the dream of a common language, that would align the poetic and the political aspects. This act of translation deals not only with the recreation of traditional Portuguese verse forms, but with the transposition of the notion of tradition to another context as well. This approach is based on the works of Haroldo de Campos, Paulo Henriques Britto, Mário Laranjeira and Derek Attridge.

Esta tese de doutorado divide-se em duas partes: a primeira trata de uma Teoria dos Conjuntos Rítmicos, e a segunda traz o Portfolio de Composições desenvolvidas no período do doutorado. A Teoria dos Conjuntos Ritmicos apresenta um sistema de organização rítmica paralelo ao sistema de organização de alturas, tendo como ponto de partida a Teoria dos Conjuntos Musicais (TCM), tal como organizada por FORTE (1973), além de uma adaptação do time-point-system (BABBITT, 1962). A partir da sistematização da TCM, e também de noções da Teoria dos Conjuntos Diatônicos (TCD), essa abordagem sintética permite estabelecer uma conexão entre aspectos básicos da harmonia e da cifragem de acordes com a organização rítmica. A um só tempo, em um catálogo completo, são relacionadas as famílias de conjuntos de alturas e cifras cordais, com suas respectivas contrapartes rítmicas. A motivação musical para esta investigação acerca dos ritmos surgiu pelo interesse nos ritmos dançantes e repetitivos, denominados timelines (TOUSSAINT, 2013), comumente utilizados na chamada música popular As timelines dançantes refletem propriedades similares às dos conjuntos diatônicos e, por essa razão, esta tese apresenta algumas propriedades dos conjuntos diatônicos de alturas, traçando um paralelo com suas contrapartes rítmicas. Essas relações também aparecem no portfolio de composições, caracterizando alguns procedimentos utilizados. O portfolio de composições, que inclui uma composição para orquestra sinfônica, é tematizado a partir da dualidade transparência/opacidade, abordando algumas diferenças essenciais, do ponto de vista da audibilidade, entre os resultados oriundos de técnicas variadas de composição. Este estudo sobre Teoria dos Conjuntos Rítmicos ajudará na abordagem analítica da minha produção composicional na música popular, trazendo uma maneira sistemática de entender e extrapolar alguns aspectos já utilizados na minha prática como compositor e improvisador. / This doctoral dissertation is divided into two parts: the first deals a rhythmic set theory, and the second contains the portfolio of compositions developed during this period of studies. This dissertation presents a system of rhythmic organization parallel to the musical set theory pitch class organization FORTE (1973), as well as an adaptation of the time-point-system (BABBITT, 1962). From the standpoint of the traditional set theory, and also from the diatonic set theory, this unified approach allows to estabilish a connecting tissue of basic aspects: from the harmony and chords symbols to the rhythmic organization. At one time, in a complete catalog, the families of pitch class sets and chord symbols are related to their respective rhythmic counterparts. The musical motivation for this research came from my interest in the swinging and groovy repetitive rhythms called timelines (TOUSSAINT, 2013), commonly used in popular music. These dancing timelines have properties similar to those of the diatonic sets, and for this reason, this dissertation presents some properties of the diatonic pitch class sets, drawing a parallel with their rhythmic counterparts. These relationships also appear in the portfolio of compositions, characterizing some procedures used. The portfolio of compositions, which includes a composition for symphony orchestra, is presented form the standpoint of a duality between transparency and opacity. This duality address the essential differences in the audibility of the results from various composition techniques. This study of Rhythmic Set Theory will serve as an analytical approach of my compositional output in popular music, with a systematic way to understant and to extrapolate some aspects already used in my practice as composer and improviser.

Physical education classrooms often have low levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity levels. This is a problem since many young elementary students are not building a foundation of fundamental movement skills necessary to be lifelong participants in physical activities. This study investigated how elementary physical education teachers used auditory modalities in their classrooms. The research question explored the emergence of rhythmic competency in fundamental movement skills to increase overall moderate to vigorous activity levels. This concurrent, mixed-methods, multiple case study used a constructivist paradigm using the schema and dynamic system theories as the underlying motor system theoretical framework. Two research sites were selected: a suburban Maryland public school system and a private liberal arts college located in the same county. The participants included 21 elementary physical education teachers and 6 physical education or exercise science majors from nationally recognized programs. Data were collected from a focus group, interviews, classroom observations, and a 10-item response Likert style survey designed for elementary physical education teachers to recognize current trends in the field of auditory modalities and rhythmic competency. The data were analyzed to identify auditory modality instructional methods for the emergence of rhythmic competencies. The results consisted of a list of best practices for use such as musical rhythms, verbal cues, and sound cues by physical education teachers and specialists. This research promotes positive social change by providing information for successfully planning interventions in the discipline of motor skill and rhythmic development that can lead to overall increased more-vigorous physical activity.

This thesis is about selection processes and processes of measuring and judging athletes in competitions in top-level sport. The purpose was to increase the knowledge of these processes and to analyse them from a validity perspective in order to contribute to the discussion of whether the “right” athletes are selected to participate in teams, competitions and games and whether the “right” athletes win. The rule and judging systems were investigated in the judged sports acroski and rhythmic gymnastics. Information was gathered through individual interviews with two judges, two coaches, and four elite athletes from each of the sports, and in addition to this the respective sport’s rule systems, judging manuals, meeting protocols and historical documents were studied. Selections to top-level sport teams were investigated by individual interviews with 14 top-level coaches (selectors) from the national league in soccer and a national team and from national teams in alpine skiing. The results from the judging study showed that both studied sports had undergone major changes in their rule and judging regulations, changes that had a considerable impact on the sports and the judgements. The level of definition of the rules and regulations was raised to increase the opportunities for clear and reliable judgements, but this became problematic for the overall validity of the judgements. The reason for this was that the new rules and regulations did not clearly correspond to the original idea of the sport, since the specified and detailed regulations lead to less originality and freedom in the performances. In the selection study, the results pointed to great differences in how precisely defined the selection criteria were among the teams. The selectors stated that well-defined selection criteria or grounds could be helpful in many ways, but they also emphasised how important it was for them that some parts of the selections were based on their subjective valuations of the athletes. Quite a few coaches from both sports argued that they would choose an athlete with good behaviour and favourable personality over an athlete with better sports skills, if they had an opportunity to do that depending on the selection system that was used. Overall, this research displays how validity issues connected to the selection and judging criteria and these processes might affect the outcome of the processes. It is notable that high reliability is in the main focus of the measuring and judging processes, while considerably vaguer and more subjective assessments are considered important in the selection process. The thesis points to the importance of discussing and understanding the consequences of rules, rule changes, selection and judging criteria as well as how these processes are performed, if the desired outcomes and consequences of the selection and judging processes are to be reached.

ABSTRACT Imaginative storytelling offered as an invitation to learning dovetails with the notion of Romance in cyclical, organic learning. It is upon the theme of rhythmic storytelling and its relationship to Alfred North Whitehead’s cycle of Romance/Freedom of “The Wood between the Worlds” that I concentrate in this thesis. The thesis proceeds in four chapters to facilitate such understanding. Chapter One reawakens the childlike wonder of the stories my father related to me when I was young; my personal academic trajectory traces out the Whiteheadian pattern of the overlapping tri-cycle of Romance/Freedom, Precision/Self-Discipline, and Generalization/Freedom. Chapter Two introduces the enchanted Narnian “Wood between the Worlds” envisioned by Clive Staples Lewis with reference to the literary and sensory forests I have known. Chapter Three presents the Voices of the Children from my Grade Two class over a period of one year, based upon my memories and personal anecdotal notes of their stories as well as their creative use of storytelling. I also explore Antonio Machón’s consideration of children’s drawings as storytelling. In conclusion, Chapter Four describes my journeys with First Nations pilot programs Math Warriors (Saskatoon Catholic School Board) and Indigenous Knowledge in Science (Saskatoon Public School Board), leading me to better appreciate Indigenous educational philosophy. In the process I consider insights shared by Verna Kirkness (Cree), Jo-ann Archibald (Stó:lö and Coast Salish), and others. Finally, I interpret “The Wood between the Worlds” from a Whiteheadian perspective, reflecting upon contrasts and commonalities Whitehead may share with Aboriginal thought.

Objectifs : Le bruxisme survenant au cours du sommeil est un trouble du mouvement caractérisé par du grincement de dents et l’activité rythmique des muscles masticateurs (ARMM). Le bruxisme/ARMM est souvent associé à des mouvements du corps et des à éveils corticaux. Une séquence d’activation précède le ARMM/bruxisme. Ces événements incluent une augmentation des variables suivants : l’activité sympathique (-4 minutes), les activités encéphalographique (-4 second), le fréquence cardiaque, l’amplitude de la respiration (-1 second) et l’activité des muscle suprahyoïdiens (-0.8 second). La présente étude a examiné l’association entre le bruxisme et les changements de la pression artérielle. Méthodes: Dix sujets avec le bruxisme (5 hommes, 5 femmes, âge moyen = 26 ± 1,8) ont complétés 3 nuits de polysomnographie qui comprenait l'enregistrement non invasive de la pression artérielle. La première nuit a servi de dépistage et d’habituation au laboratoire. L'analyse a été réalisée sur les deuxièmes et troisièmes nuits enregistrements. Seuls les épisodes de bruxisme isolés survenant au cours du stade 2 du sommeil ont été utilisés pour l’analyse, pour un total de 65 épisodes. Les mesures des pressions systolique et diastolique ont été prises 20 battements avant et 23 battements après l'apparition de chaque épisode bruxisme lors du sommeil. Les épisodes de bruxisme ont été classés comme suit: 1) bruxisme avec éveil cortical; 2) bruxisme avec mouvement du corps (MC), 3) bruxisme avec éveil cortical et MC. Une quatrième catégorie, bruxisme seul, a également été analysée, mais utilisée comme donnée préliminaire puisque la catégorie se composait de seulement 4 épisodes de bruxisme. Résultats: Les deux pressions systolique et diastolique ont augmenté avec les épisodes de bruxisme. Cette augmentation a été statistiquement significative pour la pression systolique et diastolique pour les épisodes de bruxisme avec éveil cortical et/ou MC (p ≤ 0,05). L’augmentation moyenne de la pression (systolique / diastolique ± SE) a été : 28,4 ± 2,4/13,2 ± 1,5 mm Hg pour le bruxisme avec éveil cortical; 30,7 ± 1,6/19.4 ± 2.3 mm Hg pour bruxisme avec MC; 26.4 ± 2,8 / 14,6 ± 2.0mm Hg pour bruxisme avec éveil cortical et MC; 22,9 ± 5,2/12,4 ± 3,3mm Hg pour les épisodes de bruxisme seuls. Conclusion: Le bruxisme du sommeil est associé à des hausses de la pression artérielle pendant le sommeil. Cette hausse est supérieure dans les épisodes de bruxisme associés à un éveil cortical et / ou MC, qui sont souvent associés avec les événements bruxisme. Ces résultats sont en accord avec nos observations antérieures, où le bruxisme est précédé par une augmentation de l'activité sympathique et de la tachycardie sinusale. / Objectives: Sleep Bruxism (SB) is a movement disorder identified by tooth grinding and rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA). It is often associated with body movements and sleep arousals. Increases in autonomic sympathetic activities that characterize sleep arousal precede SB. These events include an augmentation of the following variables: sympathetic cardiac activity (-4 minutes), electroencephalography frequencies (-4 seconds), heart rate and respiratory amplitude (-1 seconds), and suprahyoid muscle activity (-0.8 seconds). This study examined whether these sympathetic activities are associated with significant changes in arterial blood pressure (BP). Methods: Ten subjects with SB (5 male; 5 female; mean age ± standard error = 26 ± 1.8) underwent 3 nights of full polysomnography that included non-invasive beat to beat BP recording. The first night served as a screening and habituation night. Analysis was performed on second and third night recordings. Overall analysis was based on single SB episodes occurring in stage 2 sleep only, for a total of 65 episodes. Systolic and diastolic BP measurements were taken from a window of 20 beats before and 23 beats after onset of each SB episode. SB episodes were categorized as: 1) SB + cortical arousal; 2) SB + body movement (BM); 3) SB + cortical arousal + BM. A fourth category, SB alone, was also analysed but used as preliminary data since the category consisted of only 4 episodes. Results: Both systolic and diastolic BP increased with SB episodes. This increase was significant for both systolic and diastolic BP for SB events with cortical arousal and/or BM (p≤0.05). The average BP surges (systolic/diastolic ± SE) were: 28.4 ± 2.4/13.2 ± 1.5mm Hg for SB + cortical arousal; 30.7 ± 1.6/19.4 ± 2.3mm Hg for SB + BM; 26.5 ± 2.8/14.6 ± 2.0mm Hg for SB + cortical arousal + BM; 22.9 ± 5.2/12.4 ± 3.3mm Hg for SB episodes occurring alone. Conclusion: Sleep bruxism is associated with blood pressure fluctuations during sleep. This BP surge is greater in SB episodes associated with cortical arousal and/or BM, which often co-occur with SB events. These results are congruent with our previous observations, where SB is preceded by a rise in sympathetic activity and sinus tachycardia.