Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-20T12:24:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Cristina Silva Feltrin.pdf: 14589296 bytes, checksum: 0ec7d210e2c7239992ff99553a57fdb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T12:24:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Cristina Silva Feltrin.pdf: 14589296 bytes, checksum: 0ec7d210e2c7239992ff99553a57fdb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-29 / The pig is a very important activity in the economic scenario of the country, but the pig manure, and if not properly treated, they become a powerful environmental polluter. On the other hand, environmental education can be a means of generating ideas and actions to improve the quality of teaching in schools. Thus, the objective of this study was to propose that environmental education is applied in the swine industry of the Farroupilha Federal Institute ? Campus S?o Vicente do Sul (IFF - Campus SVS), and valued, both in practical classes, as in the theoretical . Thus, it was necessary to conduct an environmental analysis of waste management of these facilities, evaluating the students' perception about the environmental impacts. The result was, more than 68% of students are unaware of the harm that poor disposal of pig waste can cause to the environment. In step characterized by meetings and field research, students found that the IFF ? Campus SVS facilities are pigs in adverse conditions, so students do not show, appropriately, the correct way of handling the waste. After the fieldwork, students who participated and those who did not participate in the survey were asked again to verify the degree of learning. The result of this step showed that students who participated in the survey had a higher rate of correct responses, which shows that implementation of the Environmental Education methods are effective when applied effectively. As a result of the lack of increased workload on the topic "Swine and the Environment" in the disciplines of Environmental Management and Swine, the bad influence of facilities on learning, students found it difficult to correctly answer some simple questions of the questionnaires. It was also found that most students said that the facilities needed reforms because, as they themselves said, the facilities were poor and lacked space for practical classes. Thus, the final results have intensified the need for improvements in environmental education and care for the proper management of waste at IFF ? Campus SVS is therefore a necessary pedagogical proposal seeking to increase the amount of content related to the preservation of environment and proper management to pig farming waste. Because agricultural education, teaching practice dedicated to the preservation of the environment should be highlighted. From all the results found in this study, warned that the direction of the IFF - Campus SVS that need to be built new facilities for swine, with adequate infrastructure. As a consequence, in April 2011, the direction of the IFF - Campus SVS calls for a new project facilities for swine. In July 2011 the project was completed. Thus, it is considered that this work has contributed significantly to changes in posture in the face of reality presented, and attracted the attention of managers of the Institute, helping to make possible the implementation of projects for new facilities. / A suinocultura ? uma atividade muito importante no cen?rio econ?mico do pa?s, por?m os dejetos de su?nos, se n?o forem corretamente tratados, tornam-se um poderoso poluidor ambiental. Por outro lado, a educa??o ambiental pode ser um meio de gerar reflex?es e a??es para a melhoria da qualidade de ensino nas escolas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de propor que a Educa??o Ambiental seja aplicada no setor de suinocultura do Instituto Federal Farroupilha Campus S?o Vicente do Sul (IFF ? Campus SVS), sendo valorada, tanto no ?mbito das aulas pr?ticas, como nas te?ricas. Para tanto, foi necess?rio realizar uma an?lise ambiental do manejo dos dejetos nessas instala??es, avaliando-se a percep??o dos alunos a respeito dos impactos ambientais. O resultado foi: mais de 68% dos alunos n?o sabem dos malef?cios que a m? disposi??o dos dejetos su?nos pode causar ao meio ambiente. Na etapa caracterizada pelos encontros e pesquisas de campo, os alunos verificaram que no IFF ? Campus SVS as instala??es de su?nos est?o em condi??es adversas, sendo assim, os alunos n?o evidenciam, de maneira apropriada, o correto modo de manejo dos dejetos. Ap?s a pesquisa de campo, os alunos que participaram e os que n?o participaram da pesquisa foram novamente questionados para a verifica??o do grau de aprendizado. O resultado dessa etapa mostrou que os alunos, que participaram da pesquisa, tiveram maior ?ndice de acertos nas respostas, o que demonstra que a aplica??o das metodologias de Educa??o Ambiental surtem efeito, quando aplicadas efetivamente. Em conseq??ncia da falta de maior carga hor?ria sobre o tema ?Suinocultura e o Meio Ambiente? nas disciplinas de Gest?o Ambiental e Suinocultura, al?m da m? influ?ncia das instala??es sobre o aprendizado, os alunos encontraram dificuldades em responder corretamente algumas perguntas simples dos question?rios. Constatou-se tamb?m que a maioria dos alunos manifestou que as instala??es precisavam de reformas, pois, como eles mesmos afirmaram, as instala??es estavam prec?rias e faltava espa?o para as aulas pr?ticas. Assim sendo, os resultados finais intensificaram a necessidade de melhorias na Educa??o Ambiental e na preocupa??o com o manejo adequado dos dejetos no IFF - Campus SVS. Portanto ? necess?ria uma proposta pedag?gica buscando aumentar a quantidade de conte?dos relacionados ? preserva??o do meio ambiente e ao manejo adequado para os dejetos da suinocultura. Por ser ensino agr?cola, a pr?tica de ensino voltada para a preserva??o do meio ambiente deveria ser evidenciada. A partir de todos os resultados encontrados nessa pesquisa, advertiu-se ? dire??o do IFF ? Campus SVS da necessidade que fossem constru?das novas instala??es de suinocultura, com infraestrutura adequada. Como conseq??ncia disto, em Abril de 2011, a dire??o do IFF - Campus SVS solicitou a elabora??o de um novo projeto de instala??es para suinocultura. Em Julho de 2011 o projeto foi conclu?do. Assim, considera-se que este trabalho contribuiu expressivamente para as mudan?as de postura, diante da realidade apresentada, e despertou a aten??o dos gestores do Instituto, colaborando para a viabiliza??o da execu??o dos projetos de novas instala??es.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-21T15:12:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Camila Pinheiro Nobre.pdf: 2714138 bytes, checksum: bc436d879ddfded703d4d5fea9f9943c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T15:12:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Camila Pinheiro Nobre.pdf: 2714138 bytes, checksum: bc436d879ddfded703d4d5fea9f9943c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The aim of this study was to observe the germination, production of glomalin and monitor development of species of mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the germplasm bank of Embrapa in root organ culture (ROC) of basil and bryophytes in vitro, analyzing their interaction with the hosts and the influence of the culture medium enriched with humic acids on fungal growth and bryophyte Lunularia cruciata. For this, some AMF species were selected and had their glomerospores extracted and subjected to surface disinfection process, placed in water-agar medium and temperature-controlled chamber to germinate. A germination test was conducted for 15 days, and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test applied to 5% probability. Species with germinated glomerospores (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihots, Scutellospora heterogama and Glomus proliferum) were placed in ROC of purple basil where they had their growth observed until 100 days after inoculation. Also as part of the characterization of AMF species it was quantified the level of glomalin in the samples of multiplication and the results were subjected to analysis of variance and Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. In the second chapter it was investigated the effect of mycorrhizal association in ROC of purple basil, and in the third chapter the influence of different concentrations of humic acid and association with growth of Lunularia cruciata (area and length). The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% probability. Scutellospora heterogama was the species with higher germination rates of glomerosporos, followed by Gigaspora margarita. The species of Glomus sporulated after formation of symbiosis. The amount of glomalin produced by different AMF was distinct, especially in total glomalin fraction. Different AMF species did not show difference in efficiency to promote development of Ocimum basilicum transformed roots. The growth of basil transformed roots in the MSR was extended from 15 days after inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The usage of humic acids in the culture medium in concentrations of 20 and 80 mg CL-1 enhanced growth of bryophyte L. cruciata, and its association with mycorrhizal fungi, as well as promoted the highest number of spores of Gl. proliferum. The association L. cruciata and AMF was characterized as mutualistic, since both had advantages in growth and sporulation. Gigaspora margarita and Glomus proliferum increased growth of Lunularia cruciata. / O objetivo do trabalho foi observar a germina??o e produ??o de glomalina e acompanhar desenvolvimento de esp?cies de fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMA) do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa em ra?zes geneticamente modificadas de manjeric?o e em bri?fitas in vitro. Ainda, avaliar sua intera??o com os hospedeiros e a influ?ncia de meio de cultura enriquecido com ?cidos h?micos no crescimento do fungo e da bri?fita Lunularia cruciata. Para isso algumas esp?cies de FMAs foram selecionadas e tiveram seus glomerosporos extra?dos e submetidos ao processo de desinfesta??o superficial, colocados em meio Agar?gua e c?mara com temperatura controlada para germinar. Realizou-se teste de germina??o por 15 dias e os resultados foram submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia e aplicado teste de Tukey ? 5% de probabilidade. Esp?cies com glomerosporos germinados (Gigaspora margarita, Glomus manihots, Scutellospora heterogama e Glomus proliferum) foram colocadas em ra?zes modificadas de manjeric?o roxo onde tiveram seu crescimento observado at? 100 dias ap?s a inocula??o. Ainda como parte da caracteriza??o de esp?cies de FMAs foi realizado a quantifica??o dos teores de glomalina nas amostras de multiplica??o sendo os resultados submetidos a an?lise de vari?ncia e aplicado teste de Scott-Knott ? 5% de probabilidade. No segundo cap?tulo foi verificado o efeito da associa??o FMAs em ra?zes modificadas de manjeric?o roxo e no terceiro cap?tulo a influ?ncia da associa??o ?cido h?mico em diferentes concentra??es, bri?fita Lunularia cruciata (?rea e comprimento) e FMAs. Os resultados foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Scutellospora heterogama foi a esp?cie com maiores taxas de germina??o de glomerosporos, seguida da Gigaspora margarita. As esp?cies de Glomus esporularam logo ap?s a forma??o da simbiose. A quantidade de glomalina produzida pelos diferentes FMAs foi distinta, em especial na fra??o glomalina total. As diferentes esp?cies de FMAs n?o apresentaram distin??o na efici?ncia de promover o desenvolvimento das ra?zes transformadas de Ocimum basilicum. O crescimento de ra?zes transformadas de manjeric?o em meio MSR foi ampliado a partir dos 15 dias ap?s a inocula??o de fungos micorr?zicos. O uso de ?cidos h?micos no meio de cultura em concentra??es de 20 e 80 mg C.L-1 incrementou o crescimento da bri?fita Lunularia cruciata e sua associa??o com fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares, assim como promoveram a maior esporula??o de Gl. proliferum. A associa??o Lunularia cruciata e FMAs foi caracterizada como mutualista j? que ambos apresentaram benef?cios em crescimento e esporula??o. Gigaspora margarita e Glomus proliferum promoveram maior crescimento de Lunularia cruciata.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-09-28T14:27:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Cristina Rocha Roier.pdf: 982721 bytes, checksum: 24c0654d64de8a5b21a0eea5376f828c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T14:27:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Erica Cristina Rocha Roier.pdf: 982721 bytes, checksum: 24c0654d64de8a5b21a0eea5376f828c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against Neorickettsia risticii in horses in the microregion of Itagua? RJ, show possible associated factors and identify the agent by molecular techniques. The study was conducted in the districts of Serop?dica, Itagua? and Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro. The 350 blood samples were obtained by convenience from horse properties belonging to the region. Serologic testing was performed by Immunofluorescence Assay (IFAI) for N. risticii, being considered positive samples titer 1:50. To evaluate risk factors associated with the presence of antibodies to N. risticii an epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the owners or guardians of animals, which aimed especially farm characteristics and management of animals. Hematological and clinical evaluation was performed for all animals. Molecular analysis by a Real Time PCR was performed from leukocyte cover. The prevalence of antibodies anti-N.risticii in horses of the region of Itagua? was 26.3% (92/350). The frequencies of IgG anti-N.rristicii were 52.2% (48/92) for titers of 1:50, zero for titers of 1:100, 13% (12/92) for titles of 1:200, 28.3% (26/92) for evidence of 1:400 and 6.5% (6 / 92) for titles of 1:800. The age and quality level of the properties were associated (p <0.05) with horses seropositivity for N. risticii. DNA from N. risticii was not detectable in samples of this study. Also no significant changes in the clinical evaluation of animals was found in relation to seropositivity for the agent. Despite showing association (p <0.05) between the seropositivity of the animals and changes in white blood cell of negative animals, these changes were not outside reference limits for the species evaluated. The existence of horses seropositive for N. risticii indicates the presence of this agent in the microregion of Itagua?. / O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a preval?ncia de anticorpos contra Neorickettsia risticii em equinos na microrregi?o de Itagua?-RJ, demonstrar os poss?veis fatores associados e identificar o agente atrav?s de t?cnicas moleculares. O estudo foi conduzido nos munic?pios de Serop?dica, Itagua? e Mangaratiba, estado do Rio de Janeiro. As 350 amostras de sangue foram obtidas por conveni?ncia, das propriedades de cria??o de equinos pertencentes ? regi?o. O teste sorol?gico foi realizado atrav?s da Rea??o de Imunofluoresc?ncia Indireta (RIFI) para N. risticii, sendo consideradas positivas amostras com t?tulo 1:50. Para avalia??o dos fatores de risco associados ? presen?a de anticorpos de N. risticii, aplicou-se um question?rio epidemiol?gico com os propriet?rios e/ou respons?veis dos animais, destacando caracter?sticas da propriedade e manejo dos animais. Realizou-se hemograma e avalia??o cl?nica de todos os animais. As an?lises moleculares atrav?s da t?cnica de Real Time PCR foram realizadas a partir de capa leucocit?ria. A preval?ncia de anticorpos anti-N. risticii em equinos da microrregi?o de Itagua? foi de 26,3% (92/350) pela RIFI. As frequ?ncias de anticorpos IgG anti-N. risticii foram 52,2% (48/92) para titula??es de 1:50, zero para titula??es de 1:100, 13% (12/92) para t?tulos de 1:200, 28,3% (26/92) para t?tulos de 1:400 e 6,5% (6/92) para t?tulos de 1:800. A idade e o n?vel de qualidade das propriedades apresentaram associa??o (p<0,05) com a soropositividade dos equinos para N. risticii. N?o foi detectado o DNA de N. risticii nas amostras do presente estudo. Tamb?m n?o foram evidenciadas altera??es significativas na avalia??o clinica dos animais, em rela??o ? soropositividade para o agente. Apesar de haver associa??o (p<0,05) entre a soropositividade dos animais e altera??es no leucograma dos animais negativos, estas altera??es n?o estiveram fora dos limites de refer?ncia para a esp?cie animal avaliada. A exist?ncia de equinos soropositivos para N. risticii indica a circula??o desse agente na microrregi?o de Itagua?

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T15:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Arcangelo Loss.pdf: 3517882 bytes, checksum: 70d6fb3cef54e289b9abe89818c070c1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T15:54:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Arcangelo Loss.pdf: 3517882 bytes, checksum: 70d6fb3cef54e289b9abe89818c070c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-10 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do RJ, FAPERJ, Brasil / The Integrated Agriculture and Cattle-raising System (IACRS) is an excellent option for Cerrado soils, since the association with grasses (Brachiaria) intensify biomass production, especially in the year dry season. The No-till System (NTS) interspersed with brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) and in consortium with maize (IACRS), when compared to the IACRS without brachiaria provides the best balance between distribution of C in the more labile and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic matter (SOM), and increases C and N stock, and soil aggregation. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of IACRS system on soil fertility, in chemical and physical fractions of SOM, in the distribution of oxidized carbon fractions, in soil aggregation, and C and N stocks in different land use systems in Cerrado, Goias State. Two areas with crop rotation were evaluated in Montividiu municipality, Goias State, identified as: IARCS (Brachiaria + corn/bean/cotton/soybean) and NTS (sunflower/millet/soy/corn). A natural area of Cerrado was taken as natural soil reference. Soil was sampled at 0.0-5.0; 5.0-10.0; 10.0-20.0 and 20.0-40.0 depths, and also up to 100.0 cm, in a randomized design. In Chapter I it was evaluated bulk density (BD), mineralogy properties, and soil fertility. Due to the animal range used in the IACRS, it was not observed increase in BD in comparison to the area without cattle (NTS). The values of SiO2/Al2O3 (ki) soil ratio indicate dominance of gibbsite in the Cerrado natural area, and kaolinite in the cultivated areas. The IACRS, associated with crop and pasture fertilization, resulted in higher soil fertility and nutrient stocks, compared with the NTS. In Chapter II physical and chemical indicators of SOM were evaluated. The total organic carbon (TOC), stocks of C in the humic acid fraction (C-HAF) and oxidizable carbon, and the physical indicators, particulate organic carbon (POC), light organic matter (LOM) and free light fraction (FLF), allowed inferring that IACRS increased these SOM fractions when compared with the NTS. The IACRS also provided a balanced distribution of C labile forms (F1) and recalcitrant (F4) in the soil, a higher degree of SOM humification, and better stratification of POC than the NTS area. In chapter III it was evaluated the soil aggregation, distribution of C and N, natural abundance of 13C and 15N in aggregates and C-CO2 (mineralization carbon) from soil aggregates incubation. IACRS increased: soil aggregation indexes (0-5 and 5-10 cm), TOC and N (0-5 cm), formation of water stable aggregates (5-10 cm), and also had higher accumulation of C-CO2 than NTS. In Chapter IV the distribution of TOC, N total, natural abundance of 13C and 15N were assessed, and quantified the TOC and nitrogen values. The usage of Urochloa ruziziensis associated with IACRS, increased the TOC levels (0-30 cm) and N (0-20 cm), when compared with NTS. It was possible to conclude that IACRS was more efficient to storage TOC than the natural Cerrado area in the 10.0-20.0 and 20.0-30.0 cm layers, and for the sum of the layers 0.0-40.0, and 0.0-60.0 cm. The use of legumes in the crop systems resulted in higher values of 15N compared to Cerrado area. The replacement of the original Cerrado vegetation by agriculture resulted in changes in 13C, as proven after 17 years of cultivation, by incorporation of carbon from grasses in areas of NTS and IACRS. / O sistema de Integra??o Lavoura-Pecu?ria (ILP) ? uma excelente op??o de uso para solos do Bioma Cerrado, pois a associa??o com esp?cies po?ceas (braqui?ria) intensifica a produ??o de palhada, principalmente no per?odo seco do ano. O Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) intercalado com braqui?ria (Urochloa ruziziensis) e consorciado ao milho safrinha (ILP), comparado ao SPD sem braqui?ria, pode conduzir a equil?brio entre a distribui??o do C das fra??es da mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS) mais l?beis e recalcitrantes e aumentar estoques de C e N e a agrega??o do solo. O objetivo geral do estudo foi avaliar contribui??es do sistema de ILP na fertilidade do solo, nas fra??es qu?micas e f?sicas da MOS, na distribui??o das fra??es de carbono oxid?vel, na agrega??o do solo e nos estoques de C e N em diferentes sistemas de uso do solo no Cerrado goiano. Foram avaliadas duas ?reas com rota??o de culturas em Montividiu, GO: ILP (milho+braqui?ria/feij?o/algod?o/soja) e SPD (girassol/milheto/soja/ milho). Uma ?rea de Cerrad?o natural foi tomada como condi??o original do solo. Foram coletadas amostras de terra nas profundidades de 0,0-5,0; 5,0-10,0; 10,0-20,0 e 20,0-40,0 cm, e, tamb?m at? 100 cm, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. No Cap?tulo I foram avaliadas a densidade do solo (Ds), caracteriza??o mineral?gica e fertilidade do solo. Devido a lota??o animal utilizada no ILP n?o foram constatados aumentos da Ds em compara??o ? ?rea sem pisoteio animal (SPD). Os valores da rela??o SiO2/Al2O3 (ki) no solo indicam predom?nio de gibbsita na ?rea de Cerrad?o e de caulinita nas ?reas cultivadas. O sistema de ILP, mais ?s aduba??es das culturas e na braqui?ria, acarretou maior fertilidade do solo e estoques de nutrientes comparados ao SPD. No Cap?tulo II foram avaliados indicadores f?sicos e qu?micos da MOS. Os indicadores carbono org?nico total (COT), estoques de C da fra??o ?cido h?mico (C-FAH) e C oxid?vel e, os indicadores f?sicos, C org?nico particulado (COp), mat?ria org?nica leve (MOL) e fra??o leve livre (FLL), permitiram inferir que o sistema de ILP aumentou essas fra??es da MOS comparado ao SPD. No sistema de ILP a distribui??o das formas de carbono l?beis (F1) e recalcitrantes (F4) no solo foi mais equilibrada, com maior grau de humifica??o da MOS e melhor estratifica??o do COp, comparado ao SPD. No cap?tulo III foram avaliados os ?ndices de agrega??o do solo, a distribui??o dos teores de C e N e a abund?ncia natural de 13C e 15N dos agregados e o C-CO2 (carbono mineraliz?vel) proveniente da incuba??o de agregados do solo. A ILP aumentou os ?ndices de agrega??o do solo (0-5 e 5-10 cm), os teores de COT e N (0-5 cm), a forma??o de agregados est?veis em ?gua (5-10 cm) e tamb?m o ac?mulo de C-CO2, comparada ao SPD. No Capitulo IV foi avaliada a distribui??o do COT, N total, abund?ncia natural de 13C e 15N, e quantificados os estoques de COT e N do solo. A utiliza??o da Urochloa ruziziensis com rota??o de culturas (ILP) aumentou os teores de COT (0-30 cm) e N (0-20 cm), comparada ? rota??o de culturas (SPD). Conclui-se que o sistema de ILP foi mais eficiente em estocar COT no solo que a ?rea de Cerrad?o nas camadas de 10,0-20,0 e 20,0-30,0 cm e, na soma das camadas de 0,0-40,0 e 0,0-60,0 cm. O uso de leguminosas nas ?reas cultivadas acarretou em maiores valores de 15N em compara??o a de Cerrad?o. A substitui??o da vegeta??o original de Cerrad?o para implantar lavouras acarretou mudan?as do 13C, sendo comprovada, ap?s 17 anos de cultivo, a incorpora??o de C das po?ceas nas ?reas de SPD e ILP.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T12:37:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Simone de Souza Fernandes.pdf: 745580 bytes, checksum: 7836d760ce3ea36d3e5602714715cd42 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T12:37:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Simone de Souza Fernandes.pdf: 745580 bytes, checksum: 7836d760ce3ea36d3e5602714715cd42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-27 / Yogurt is a fermented milk resulting from a mutual interaction between the lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. For yoghurt quality assurance, the cell numbers of each microorganism, should not be less than 1x107per gram, therefore a relative ratio lactobacilli and streptococci should be 1:1, although a 1:2 ratio is also accepted. During storage of yoghurt exposed for sale, post-acidification may occur, changing the ratio of the two microorganisms. The objectives of this research were to evaluate yoghurts of four different manufacturers named A, B, C and D, in relation to the number and balance between streptococii and lactobacilli during the storage and its relation with acidity and pH. In this way, yoghurts with up to 20 days of manufacturing (band I) and more than 20 days (band II) were evaluated. Better recovery of L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus was observed with LB and M17 media respectively, which were used to determine the relative ratio of the two microorganisms. An imbalance in the lactobacilli numbers which were lower than that of streptococci was verified and considered inadequate, in two out of four commercial brands. In yoghurts from the manufacturer A, there was a significant reduction in the number of lactobacilli from band I to band II leading to an increase in the relative ratio of streptococii to lactobacilli. There was no significant difference in the counts of streptococci or bacilli from one band to another with the other three brands of yoghurts. The acidity of yoghurts from manufacturer D revealed significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the others, although it did not result in an increased pH reduction. All samples attended the legislation in relation to total lactic acid bacteria counts, acidity, pH and mould and yeast count / Iogurte ? um leite fermentado resultante de uma intera??o microbiana mutualista entre as bact?rias l?cticas Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus. Para que a qualidade do iogurte seja garantida o n?mero de c?lulas destes dois microrganismos individualmente, n?o deve ser inferior a 1x107 por grama, portanto uma propor??o relativa de lactobacilos e estreptococos de 1:1 sendo a propor??o 1:2 tamb?m aceita. Durante o armazenamento dos iogurtes expostos para venda podem ocorrer p?s-acidifica??o e modifica??o na propor??o dos dois microrganismos. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar iogurtes de quatro diferentes fabricantes as quais foram denominados A, B, C, D quanto ao n?mero e equil?brio entre as duas bact?rias l?cticas durante o armazenamento, e ao mesmo tempo determinar as caracter?sticas f?sico-quimicas (pH e acidez) e contagem de bolores e leveduras. Para tanto, adotou-se duas faixas de avalia??o, faixa I (at? 20 dias de fabrica??o) e faixa II (ap?s 20 dias). Foi observada melhor recupera??o L. delbruckii subsp. bulgaricus e S. thermophilus, respectivamente com os meios LB e M17 que foram usados para determina??o da propor??o relativa dos dois microrganismos. Foi verificado um desequil?brio no n?mero de lactobacilos que foi inferior ao de cocos e, considerado inadequado, em duas das quatro marcas comerciais. Nos iogurtes da marca A houve redu??o significativa no n?mero de lactobacilos da faixa I para faixa II levando a um aumento na propor??o de cocos relativa ao de bacilos. Nos iogurtes dos tr?s outros fabricantes n?o houve diferen?a significativa nas contagens de cocos ou de lactobacilos de uma faixa para outra. Tamb?m n?o foi observada diferen?a significativa de acidez e pH relacionados ao tempo de prazo comercial nas faixas I e II nas quatro marcas de iogurte analisadas. A acidez dos iogurtes do fabricante D foi significativamente mais elevada (P<0,05) que a dos demais, embora n?o tenha resultado em maior redu??o de pH nestes produtos. Todas as amostras analisadas estavam em conformidade com a legisla??o vigente no que se refere ao m?nimo exigido de bact?rias l?ticas totais que ? de 1x107 UFC/mL. Tamb?m estavam em conformidade com rela??o ? acidez, pH e contagem de bolores e leveduras. Palavras-chave: leite

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T19:03:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Bernardo Milward de Azevedo Spinelli.pdf: 2468118 bytes, checksum: 8b86d55b4fe024e0a43e7aca610af976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19 / The Brazilian New Forestry Law establishes a farmer?s commitment with environmental adequacy of its properties. The Permanent Preservation Areas, currently used in the properties with crops and pastures in many cases need to a restauration techniques. The new law allows the exploration of agroforestry systems (AFS) even in areas of permanent preservation, since do not mischaracterize the native preexisting vegetation either not being detrimental to environmental function to protecting water springs, erosion protection and increasing biodiversity. This study aimed to systematize the author's personal experiences with agroforestry systems in the Atlantic Forest domain regions and show different techniques and implantation strategies and management of agroforestry systems that can be employed day to day by farmers, especially the small family farmer. The different AFS deployed were based on biodiversity and plant succession, with low use of inputs and capital resources. The structure of the recommended systems was grounded on labor, family labor, in multistrata systems and the use of common plants in each location with high biomass production potential to enhance nutrient cycling. On average, more than 30 species were introduced in each AFS and the issues related to the choice of species to plant recognizing the soil quality from indicator plants were discussed. In addition, how to plan and distribute the plants in agroforestry designs were also described in detail. The best ways of how to plant and manage, with pruning, different species in biodiverse agroforestry systems included in this dissertation were presented from about 20 years of the author's experience in order to assist all those interested in working with this theme. / O Novo C?digo Florestal estabelece o compromisso por parte dos produtores rurais com a adequa??o ambiental de suas propriedades. As ?reas de Preserva??o Permanente, hoje utilizadas nas propriedades para cultivos agr?colas e pastagens, em muitos casos necessitar?o ser recuperadas. A nova lei permite a explora??o de sistemas agroflorestais (SAFs) at? mesmo em ?reas de preserva??o permanente, desde que n?o descaracterize a cobertura vegetal nativa existente e nem prejudique a fun??o ambiental da ?rea, protegendo nascentes, combatendo a eros?o e aumentando a biodiversidade. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sistematizar experi?ncias pessoais do autor com sistemas agroflorestais em regi?es de dom?nio da Mata Atl?ntica, mostrando diferentes t?cnicas e estrat?gias de implanta??o e manejo de SAFs que podem ser empregadas no dia a dia dos produtor rural, principalmente, do pequeno agricultor familiar. Os diferentes SAFs implantados foram baseados na biodiversidade e sucess?o vegetal, com baixo uso de insumos e recursos de capital. A estrutura dos sistemas preconizados foi alicer?ada na m?o-de-obra familiar, em multiestratos, na utiliza??o de plantas comuns em cada localidade com potencial de produ??o de biomassa, para intensificar a ciclagem de nutrientes. Em m?dia mais de 30 esp?cies eram introduzidas em cada SAF e as quest?es relacionados com a escolha das esp?cies, onde plantar reconhecendo a qualidade do solo a partir de plantas indicadoras foram abordadas. Al?m disso, como planejar e distribuir as plantas em desenhos agroflorestais tamb?m foram processos detalhadamente descritos. As melhores formas de como plantar e manejar, com podas, as diferentes esp?cies nos SAFs biodiversos constam desta disserta??o e foram apresentados a partir de cerca de 20 anos de experi?ncia do autor com intuito de auxiliar todos aqueles interessados em trabalhar com tem?tica.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-10T15:01:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Alexandre Chaboudt Borges - .pdf: 4825398 bytes, checksum: 9b5c5dcc09217e953bd39df4181a0a5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005 - Alexandre Chaboudt Borges - .pdf: 4825398 bytes, checksum: 9b5c5dcc09217e953bd39df4181a0a5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior-CAPES / The study has the objective to characterize indicators of environmental quality of water of mountainous areas with different impacts, defining and quantifying the environment benefits of the forested ecosystems. This work was accomplished in the municipal district of Nova Friburgo mountainous area of the State of Rio de Janeiro, in two basins with distinct land uses, that contributes for the watershed of the Para?ba do Sul river.The sub-basin of Rio Grande that possesses 22,000ha, suffers impact of the agriculture of high productivity. The watershed of Debossan river with 1,000ha, it possesses 100% of its covering with forest in advanced apprenticeship of regeneration. The Station of Treatment of Water of Rio Grande needs 1300m2 of built area, 12 employees and a considerable demand of chemical products (floculan, whitewash and chlorine), reaching a medium productivity of 263.15 l/s. The Station of Treatment of Water of Debossan needs 100m2 of built area, 3 employees and just the use of the chlorine in the treatment of the water to reach a productivity of 192.94 l/s. The data of quality of water of Rio Grande were supplied in periods of two hours with four year-old duration (2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003), while the consumption of chemical products for the station's it was daily. The results of the regression analysis indicated that the chemical products are effective as indicators of the environmental quality of the source, classifying them for the proposal of OECD as indicators of State for its simple use and as indicators of Pressure, when analyzed through historical series. The floculan links with the production of sediments of the watershed, the whitewash to the impact of the agriculture through the use of agricultural input and the chlorine to the urbanization. The indicator better fitting was the chlorine, explaining 97.76% of the variation of the parameters of quality of the water, being followed by the floculan and for the whitewash, that they explained 97.01% and 90.08%, respectively. The ecosystem watershed of Rio Grande is reaching a new homeostatic balance when observed the environmental functions (rainy periods), and he comes with degradation tendency when observed the antropic impact in the dry periods. Such impact happens by virtue of the disordered agricultural and urban development, being in degradation process for the same reasons. The tendency of degradation of Rio Grande or increase in the cost of its production it was on the average of 8.88% a year and in the four years of 26.46%. In the case of the sub-basin of Rio Grande it still counted with its referring environmental hydrologic functions and its antropic impacts mitigated, the economy for the four years of the study could be U$141,394.75. / O estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar indicadores de qualidade ambiental da ?gua de bacias hidrogr?ficas de regi?es serranas com n?veis de impactos diferenciados, definindo e quantificando benef?cios decorrentes dos servi?os ambientais dos ecossistemas florestais. Foi realizado no munic?pio de Nova Friburgo regi?o serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em duas bacias hidrogr?ficas contribuintes do rio Para?ba do Sul, com usos distintos do solo e. A sub-bacia do Rio Grande, com 22.000 ha, 25,50 km de comprimento e 80 km de per?metro, padr?o de drenagem dendr?tico com rios de at? 5? ordem, apresenta ?ndices de compacidade de 1,52 e circularidade de 0,43, sofrendo o impacto da agricultura de alta produtividade. A microbacia do Rio Debossan com 1.000 ha, per?metro de 15,05 km e comprimento de 7,45 km, padr?o de drenagem do tipo dendr?tico com rios de at? 3? ordem, ?ndices de circularidade e compacidade de 0,55 e 1,34, respectivamente, possui 100% da sua cobertura com floresta em est?gio avan?ado de regenera??o. Ambas unidades hidrol?gicas possuem Esta??es de Tratamento de ?gua para o abastecimento ? popula??o do munic?pio, por?m com diferen?as substanciais. A E.T.A. do Rio Grande necessita de 1.300 m2 de ?rea constru?da, 12 funcion?rios e demanda produtos qu?micos (floculan, cal e cloro) para o tratamento da ?gua, atingindo uma produtividade m?dia de 263,15 l/s. A E.T.A. Debossan necessita de 100 m2 de ?rea constru?da, 3 funcion?rios e apenas a utiliza??o do cloro no tratamento da ?gua para atingir uma produtividade de 192,94 l/s. Os dados de qualidade de ?gua do Rio Grande foram fornecidos em per?odos de duas em duas horas com dura??o de quatro anos (2000, 2001, 2002 e 2003), enquanto o consumo de produtos qu?micos pelas E.T.A.?s era di?rio. O indicador mais bem ajustado foi o cloro, explicando 97,76% da varia??o dos par?metros de qualidade da ?gua, em seguida foi o floculan e a cal, explicando 97,01% e 90,08%, respectivamente. Os resultados das an?lises de regress?o indicaram que os produtos qu?micos s?o efetivos como indicadores da qualidade ambiental do manancial, se enquadrando pela proposta da OECD como indicadores de Estado pela sua simples utiliza??o e como indicadores de Press?o quando analisados atrav?s de s?ries hist?ricas. O floculan est? relacionado ? produ??o de sedimentos pela bacia, a cal ao impacto da agricultura atrav?s do uso de insumos agr?colas e o cloro a urbaniza??o. O ecossistema bacia hidrogr?fica do Rio Grande est? atingindo um novo equil?brio homeost?tico devido ? aus?ncia das fun??es ambientais, sendo o impacto antr?pico mais percebido na estiagem. Tal impacto ocorre em virtude do desenvolvimento agr?cola e urbano desordenado, estando em processo de degrada??o pelos mesmos motivos. A tend?ncia de degrada??o ou aumento no custo da produ??o foi em m?dia de 8,88% ao ano e nos quatro anos de 26,46%. Em termos de benef?cio prestado pelo ecossistema florestal, a E.T.A. Debossan necessita de uma ?rea 10 vezes menor para atingir a mesma produtividade que a E.T.A. Rio Grande. Caso a sub-bacia do Rio Grande ainda contasse com suas fun??es ambientais referentes ? hidrologia e o impacto antr?pico fosse mitigado, a economia nos quatro anos de estudo poderia chegar a U$ 141.394,75.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-11T13:54:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jorge Makhlouta Alonso.pdf: 2171400 bytes, checksum: e641011cdcb7b32ae286a3b24cb5852c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-11T13:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Jorge Makhlouta Alonso.pdf: 2171400 bytes, checksum: e641011cdcb7b32ae286a3b24cb5852c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The demand for forest restoration projects grows increasingly in the State of Rio de Janeiro. One of the difficulties that these projects are having is the lack of knowledge about the regional offer of seedlings of native species. This study aims to evaluate the nurseries and seedling production of species from the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as analyze the Brazilian legislation about production of forest seeds and seedlings. To conduct the study on legislation, researches were made in internet sites of federal agencies. The legal instruments found were discussed, considering the political and historical context of each era. For evaluation of nurseries and seedling production, was used data from the "Diagnostic of Seeds Collection and Seedlings Production in Rio de Janeiro", coordinated by the Secretariat of State for the Environment ? SEA-RJ, in partnership with other institutions. The study was conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro from February to April 2010. In the diagnostic were included the nurseries producing seedlings of Atlantic Forest species, regardless of the amount, purpose and destination of then. The field work consisted of visits to the 70 nurseries surveyed, in which was applied an structured questionnaire addressing various topics related to the nursery and the seedling production, requested a list of the species produced, performed the photographic record of the nursery and marked its geographic coordinates. It was noted that the new legislation concerning forest seeds and seedlings established requirements for producers in order to guarantee for the consumer the identity and quality of what is produced. However, some issues need to be reviewed and best formulated aiming at reducing the "distance" between legislation and the reality of the producer of forest seeds and seedlings. The 70 nurseries are concentrated in some cities and regions, not covering the state as a whole. Regarding the administrative structure, the nurseries of the state, are mostly small sized, administered by public agencies and many of them lacks infrastructure for seedling production. Only 5 of 70 nurseries are registered to the RENASEM / MAPA as required by the current legislation. The seedlings are produced with low diversity of species, predominance of plastic bags as recipients and little technical and managerial control over the production. The data shows that the activity still have a lot to develop in the state, being necessary public policies aiming reinforce the existing nurseries, stimulate Atlantic Forest restoration plantations and, consequently, the demand for native forest seedlings / No Estado do Rio de Janeiro cresce cada vez mais a demanda por projetos de restaura??o florestal. Uma das dificuldades desses projetos ? o desconhecimento da oferta regional de mudas de esp?cies florestais nativas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os viveiros e a produ??o de mudas florestais da Mata Atl?ntica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como realizar uma an?lise da legisla??o federal referente ? produ??o de sementes e mudas florestais. Para realizar o estudo referente ? legisla??o foram feitas consultas na internet a sites de ?rg?os p?blicos federais. Os instrumentos legais encontrados foram discutidos, considerando o contexto pol?tico e hist?rico de cada ?poca. Para avalia??o dos viveiros e da produ??o de mudas, foram utilizados os dados do ?Diagn?stico de Coleta de Sementes e Produ??o de Mudas no Rio de Janeiro?, coordenado pela Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente ? SEA, em parceria com outras institui??es. O estudo foi realizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro de fevereiro a abril de 2010. Foram inclu?dos no diagn?stico, os viveiros florestais que produziam mudas de esp?cies da Mata Atl?ntica, independente da quantidade, finalidade e destina??o das mesmas. A etapa de campo do diagn?stico consistiu em visitas aos 70 viveiros levantados, nas quais foi aplicado question?rio estruturado abordando v?rios temas relacionados ao viveiro e a produ??o de mudas, requerida uma lista das esp?cies produzidas, realizado o registro fotogr?fico do viveiro e marcadas suas coordenadas geogr?ficas. Observou-se que a nova legisla??o referente ?s sementes e mudas florestais criou exig?ncias para os produtores, visando garantir ao consumidor a identidade e a qualidade do que ? produzido. No entanto, algumas quest?es precisam ser revisadas e melhor formuladas visando diminuir a ?dist?ncia? existente entre a legisla??o e a realidade do produtor de sementes e mudas florestais. Os 70 viveiros est?o concentrados em alguns munic?pios e regi?es, n?o abrangendo o estado como um todo. Com rela??o ? estrutura administrativa, os viveiros do estado, s?o em maioria administrados por ?rg?os p?blicos, de pequeno porte e carecem de infraestrutura para produ??o de mudas. Apenas cinco entre os 70 viveiros est?o inscritos no RENASEM conforme exigido pela atual legisla??o. As mudas s?o produzidas com baixa diversidade de esp?cies, predomin?ncia de sacos pl?sticos como recipiente e pouco controle t?cnico e gerencial sobre a produ??o. Os dados demonstram que a atividade ainda tem muito a evoluir no estado, sendo necess?rias pol?ticas p?blicas visando fortalecer os viveiros j? existentes, estimular plantios de restaura??o da Mata Atl?ntica e consequentemente, a demanda por mudas florestais nativas.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-19T13:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Juliana Espindola Scofano.pdf: 3134461 bytes, checksum: b3a168bb1db1b00562c5aaa29b7f2ed3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T13:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Juliana Espindola Scofano.pdf: 3134461 bytes, checksum: b3a168bb1db1b00562c5aaa29b7f2ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / Since the late 1980s to the present day, the production of organic food has been suffering from expansion and contraction cycles, depending on the location, driven by public policy, the market demand in European, American and Asian countries. These cycles occur both in export markets (low income countries), as in the importing markets (high-income countries). Among the producers markets, Argentina is highlighted in Latin America, where the organic production area has suffered decline since 2009. In high-income countries, Australia is the country with the largest organic area certified. The production of organic food has forced countries to establish mechanisms for ensuring organic quality. The standardization process began with IFOAM in 1981, private organization, with France the first country to regulate in the same years. Currently in several countries it is accepted more than a guarantee mechanism of organic quality. Certification by audit (individual and group) is still the main form of security, but the participatory guarantee systems (GSP) organic quality are being broadcast around the world, including some studies for the recognition of SPG's in countries where Certification is the main form of control. / Desde o final dos anos de 1980 at? os dias atuais, a produ??o de alimentos org?nicos vem sofrendo ciclos de expans?o e retra??o, dependendo do local, impulsionados por pol?ticas p?blicas e pela demanda de mercado nos pa?ses europeus, americanos e asi?ticos. Esses ciclos acontecem tanto nos mercados exportadores (pa?ses de baixa renda), como nos mercados importadores (pa?ses de alta renda). Entre os mercados produtores, a Argentina ? destaque na Am?rica Latina, onde a ?rea de produ??o org?nica vem sofrendo queda desde 2009. Nos pa?ses de alta renda, a Austr?lia ? o pa?s com maior ?rea org?nica certificada. A produ??o de alimentos org?nicos obrigou os pa?ses a criarem mecanismos para garantir a qualidade org?nica. O processo de normaliza??o iniciou-se com a IFOAM em 1981, organiza??o privada, sendo a Fran?a o primeiro pa?s a regulamentar no mesmo ano. Atualmente em diversos pa?ses do mundo aceita-se mais de um mecanismo de garantia da qualidade org?nica. A certifica??o por auditoria (individual e em grupo) ainda ? a principal forma de garantia, mas os sistemas participativos de garantia (SPG) da qualidade org?nica est?o sendo difundidos em todo o mundo, inclusive h? estudos para o reconhecimento dos SPG?s em pa?ses onde a certifica??o ? a principal forma de controle

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-20T11:07:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Jorge Makhlouta Alonso.pdf: 2171400 bytes, checksum: eec9c3f847abd21fecbe9f0f7dea6dbb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-20T11:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Jorge Makhlouta Alonso.pdf: 2171400 bytes, checksum: eec9c3f847abd21fecbe9f0f7dea6dbb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The demand for forest restoration projects grows increasingly in the State of Rio de Janeiro. One of the difficulties that these projects are having is the lack of knowledge about the regional offer of seedlings of native species. This study aims to evaluate the nurseries and seedling production of species from the Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, as well as analyze the Brazilian legislation about production of forest seeds and seedlings. To conduct the study on legislation, researches were made in internet sites of federal agencies. The legal instruments found were discussed, considering the political and historical context of each era. For evaluation of nurseries and seedling production, was used data from the "Diagnostic of Seeds Collection and Seedlings Production in Rio de Janeiro", coordinated by the Secretariat of State for the Environment ? SEA-RJ, in partnership with other institutions. The study was conducted in the state of Rio de Janeiro from February to April 2010. In the diagnostic were included the nurseries producing seedlings of Atlantic Forest species, regardless of the amount, purpose and destination of then. The field work consisted of visits to the 70 nurseries surveyed, in which was applied an structured questionnaire addressing various topics related to the nursery and the seedling production, requested a list of the species produced, performed the photographic record of the nursery and marked its geographic coordinates. It was noted that the new legislation concerning forest seeds and seedlings established requirements for producers in order to guarantee for the consumer the identity and quality of what is produced. However, some issues need to be reviewed and best formulated aiming at reducing the "distance" between legislation and the reality of the producer of forest seeds and seedlings. The 70 nurseries are concentrated in some cities and regions, not covering the state as a whole. Regarding the administrative structure, the nurseries of the state, are mostly small sized, administered by public agencies and many of them lacks infrastructure for seedling production. Only 5 of 70 nurseries are registered to the RENASEM / MAPA as required by the current legislation. The seedlings are produced with low diversity of species, predominance of plastic bags as recipients and little technical and managerial control over the production. The data shows that the activity still have a lot to develop in the state, being necessary public policies aiming reinforce the existing nurseries, stimulate Atlantic Forest restoration plantations and, consequently, the demand for native forest seedlings. / No Estado do Rio de Janeiro cresce cada vez mais a demanda por projetos de restaura??o florestal. Uma das dificuldades desses projetos ? o desconhecimento da oferta regional de mudas de esp?cies florestais nativas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar os viveiros e a produ??o de mudas florestais da Mata Atl?ntica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, bem como realizar uma an?lise da legisla??o federal referente ? produ??o de sementes e mudas florestais. Para realizar o estudo referente ? legisla??o foram feitas consultas na internet a sites de ?rg?os p?blicos federais. Os instrumentos legais encontrados foram discutidos, considerando o contexto pol?tico e hist?rico de cada ?poca. Para avalia??o dos viveiros e da produ??o de mudas, foram utilizados os dados do ?Diagn?stico de Coleta de Sementes e Produ??o de Mudas no Rio de Janeiro?, coordenado pela Secretaria de Estado do Ambiente ? SEA, em parceria com outras institui??es. O estudo foi realizado no Estado do Rio de Janeiro de fevereiro a abril de 2010. Foram inclu?dos no diagn?stico, os viveiros florestais que produziam mudas de esp?cies da Mata Atl?ntica, independente da quantidade, finalidade e destina??o das mesmas. A etapa de campo do diagn?stico consistiu em visitas aos 70 viveiros levantados, nas quais foi aplicado question?rio estruturado abordando v?rios temas relacionados ao viveiro e a produ??o de mudas, requerida uma lista das esp?cies produzidas, realizado o registro fotogr?fico do viveiro e marcadas suas coordenadas geogr?ficas. Observou-se que a nova legisla??o referente ?s sementes e mudas florestais criou exig?ncias para os produtores, visando garantir ao consumidor a identidade e a qualidade do que ? produzido. No entanto, algumas quest?es precisam ser revisadas e melhor formuladas visando diminuir a ?dist?ncia? existente entre a legisla??o e a realidade do produtor de sementes e mudas florestais. Os 70 viveiros est?o concentrados em alguns munic?pios e regi?es, n?o abrangendo o estado como um todo. Com rela??o ? estrutura administrativa, os viveiros do estado, s?o em maioria administrados por ?rg?os p?blicos, de pequeno porte e carecem de infraestrutura para produ??o de mudas. Apenas cinco entre os 70 viveiros est?o inscritos no RENASEM conforme exigido pela atual legisla??o. As mudas s?o produzidas com baixa diversidade de esp?cies, predomin?ncia de sacos pl?sticos como recipiente e pouco controle t?cnico e gerencial sobre a produ??o. Os dados demonstram que a atividade ainda tem muito a evoluir no estado, sendo necess?rias pol?ticas p?blicas visando fortalecer os viveiros j? existentes, estimular plantios de restaura??o da Mata Atl?ntica e consequentemente, a demanda por mudas florestais nativas