The point of departure of this dissertation is that notwithstanding the controversy about the right to development (RTD), the African human rights system expressly recognises it as a human right of a collective nature. The content of this right is a bundle of rights (civil and political as well as economic, social and cultural) which should be understood in their interdependency and interconnectedness. In addition, the RTD is a claim for a global justice characterized by a fair and equitable redistribution of the world’s resources. The purpose of this dissertation is to critically investigate the extent to which the RTD can be realised under the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). NEPAD is the economic and development arm of the African Union which is compelled by its human rights mandate to ‘promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights including the RTD. The dissertation looks at how NEPAD could be used to realise the RTD in Africa. After clarifying the theoretical and contextual links between NEPAD and the RTD, explaining the concepts pertaining to RTD, its nature and after locating its existence in the African human rights system, the dissertation examines the prospects for the realisation of this right through NEPAD. In doing so, it analyses NEPAD from a human rights perspective. It then goes on to look at the extent to which NEPAD’s programmes on vulnerable groups and participation, are integrated into national development policies in Africa through case studies of Cameroon and South Africa. The dissertation also examines whether the new global partnership as prescribed by NEPAD is conducive to the realisation of the RTD. The basic conclusion is that although NEPAD’s plan to foster the provision of goods and services is not defined in terms of legal entitlements, with legal mechanisms to claim such entitlements, NEPAD’s objectives and purposes are to improve human welfare, which is also the objective of the RTD. However, to enhance the prospects for the achievement of the RTD in Africa, NEPAD should establish and strengthen mechanisms for a full domestication and ownership of its plans and standards in African states. It should also strengthen the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) institutions at both continental and national levels. Further, it should involve the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, which has expertise in human rights, in its APRM. At the global level, among others, NEPAD should not only strive to be economically self-reliant, but its member states should speak with ‘one voice’ and present the African Union/NEPAD’s position at international fora and consistently ensure that Africa’s development contracts and agreements are informed by international human rights standards. / Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

Discusses the human rights obligations of International Financial Institutions and suggests different human rights accountability mechanisms through the Right to Development paradigm / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2008. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof. Jaap de Visser, Faculty of Law, University of Western Cape, South Africa / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Carolina Souza Fernandes.pdf: 1589846 bytes, checksum: 32dd3ebfc51e93318ca2ac20551ee01d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / The free circulation of goods and services, financial capital and information is the basis of the globalisation. When it comes to the role of Law in such context there is a convergence of understandings regarding the mismatch between the current Law and the reality that the Law intents to regulate. Actions taken by governments towards regulation of the market, especially the financial and the capital markets, are essential factors and also decisive for the stability and development. This thesis shall analyze the origin and evolution of financial globalization, and its effects, mainly after the 2008 crisis. It is also intented to contextualize the market regulation as a mean to the effectiveness of the right to development, through the actions of the necessary State. Since this is a descriptive and exploratory study, shall be based on literature, national and alien, using the deductive method, and excepcionally, the inductive method / A livre circulação de bens e serviços, capital financeiro e de informação é a base do fenômeno da globalização. Quando se trata do papel do Direito neste contexto há uma convergência de entendimentos acerca do descompasso entre o direito posto e a realidade que pretende regular. Ações por parte dos governos na regulação do mercado, em especial os mercados financeiro e de capital, são fatores essenciais e determinantes para a estabilidade e o desenvolvimento nacionais. A presente dissertação pretende analisar a origem e a evolução da globalização financeira, bem como seus efeitos, principalmente após o advento da crise de 2008. Pretendemos, ainda, contextualizar a questão da regulação dos mercados como um meio de efetivação do direito ao desenvolvimento, por meio da atuação do Estado necessário. Por se tratar de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, será realizado com base em pesquisa bibliográfica, nacional e estrangeira, utilizando-se do método dedutivo e, excepcionalmente, do método indutivo

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-20T12:46:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Palucci Marziale.pdf: 1027380 bytes, checksum: fc29805bd180df2276273c11146d142e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-20T12:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Palucci Marziale.pdf: 1027380 bytes, checksum: fc29805bd180df2276273c11146d142e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / The present work seeks to establish an interconnection of the concepts of Access to Justice and the Right to Development, under a Human Rights approach. Thus, first, is necessary to analyze some of the main Theories to stablish a north towards the concept of Justice in globalized and multicultural society. Subsequently, the present study will analyze the different development models and the main foundations for the notion of development aimed for the Right to Development movement, whose foundation will also be approached next, comprehending, also, its nexus with the access to justice, seen as an essential element for the its implementation. / O presente trabalhado busca correlacionar os conceitos de acesso à justiça e direito ao desenvolvimento, sob um enfoque dos direitos humanos. Assim, primeiramente, será necessária a prévia análise de algumas das principais teorias de justiça formuladas ao longo da história, o que nos guiará para formular uma noção de justiça condizente com uma sociedade globalizada e multicultural. Posteriormente, serão analisados os diferentes modelos de desenvolvimento e os principais fundamentos para a noção de desenvolvimento almejada pelo direito ao desenvolvimento, cuja fundamentação também será abordada, bem como sua relação com o acesso à justiça, enquanto elemento essencial para a sua concretização

The vocation of universality of human rights is an inherent feature of the concept of human rights since its inception and gives them their sense and their own meaning as instruments of progress, emancipation, human liberation, but also protection, protection for the weakest person, for the voiceless, for those who can not defend their rights themselves. The vocation of universality of human rights requires a constant effort to overcome the exclusions, reappearing always under renewed forms, and advance toward the effective universalization of human rights, for which it is necessary to overcome the individualistic interpretation of the rights that links them exclusively to autonomy and leading to the exclusion of broad sectors of people of title and / or benefits of rights. / La vocación de universalidad de los derechos humanos es un rasgo inherente al concepto de derechos humanos desde sus orígenes y les confiere su sentido y su significado propios como instrumentos de progreso, de emancipación, de liberación humana, pero también de tutela, de protección de los más débiles, de los sin voz, de los que no pueden defender por sí mismos sus derechos. La vocación de universalidad de los derechos humanos exige un esfuerzo constante por superar las exclusiones, que reaparecen siempre bajo formas renovadas, y por avanzar en la universalización efectiva de los derechos humanos, para lo cual es necesario superar la interpretación individualista abstracta de los derechos que los vincula, exclusivamente, a la autonomía y que conduce a la exclusión de amplios sectores de personas de la titularidad y/o de los beneficios de los derechos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Melo Tsuruda.pdf: 1882741 bytes, checksum: ee619e59db43d65e9341b3b782da8399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / This research paper aims to study the relationship between the right to the existential minimum and the right to development in order to understand the extent and effectiveness of both rights. Based on the study of poverty as a violation of human rights, this paper seeks to justify through the values of justice and fraternity here understood as solidarity the right to the minimum necessary to a dignified existence as a starting point towards the desired right to development. The topic in question is justified by the empirical data on poverty and underdevelopment to which human rights have proposed solutions throughout its history notably through an international treaty that established the International Labour Organization within the Nations League, the United Nations Charter and an entire normative body created when the renowned Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948. The right to the existential minimum, which within the scope of fundamental rights finds some reductionist views that border on a lack of regard for human dignity, as a human right emerges as the true path to the realization of the right to development thanks to the wide recognition of economic, social and cultural rights as a mandatory bond that engages the State and society in their duties of respecting, protecting and ensuring the rights of people living in poverty. Last but not least, the right to development is revealed as the only possible tool to the solution of social issues seen by the Christian social doctrine as the conflict between labor and capital which generates new forms of social exclusion. Development, translated as a movement towards betterment, is presented as the right of peoples to the full enjoyment of human rights for every person and every society, a true expression of the common good / Esta pesquisa tem por escopo o estudo das relações entre o direito ao mínimo existencial e o direito ao desenvolvimento, a fim de compreender a extensão e a efetividade dos dois institutos. Tendo como pressuposto o estudo da pobreza enquanto violação aos direitos humanos, procura justificar nos valores da justiça e da fraternidade, aqui compreendida a solidariedade, o direito ao mínimo necessário à existência digna como um ponto de partida rumo ao almejado direito ao desenvolvimento. O tema em análise encontra sua justificativa nos dados empíricos da pobreza e do subdesenvolvimento, para os quais os direitos humanos têm proposto soluções ao longo de toda sua afirmação histórica, notadamente por meio do tratado internacional que deu início à Organização Internacional do Trabalho, no seio da Liga das Nações, da Carta das Nações Unidas e de todo um corpo normativo liderado pela ilustre Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 1948. O direito ao mínimo existencial, que, no âmbito dos direitos fundamentais, encontra posições reducionistas que beiram à desproteção da dignidade humana, nos quadros dos direitos humanos, surge como verdadeiro caminho para concretização do direito ao desenvolvimento, graças ao imperioso reconhecimento dos direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais como liame obrigacional que engaja o Estado e a sociedade nos deveres de respeitar, proteger e garantir o direito das pessoas em situação de pobreza. Enfim, o direito ao desenvolvimento revela-se como única ferramenta possível à solução da questão social, apontada pela doutrina social cristã como o conflito entre o trabalho e o capital que gera novas formas de exclusão social. O desenvolvimento, traduzido como movimento rumo ao melhor, apresenta-se como meta dos povos, de cada sociedade, e de cada pessoa, para o pleno gozo dos direitos humanos, verdadeira expressão do bem comum

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lauro Ishikawa.pdf: 501106 bytes, checksum: 8ce711b304d87c2ec9ab6fe5e1d75dc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-04 / The dignity of the human person is the foundation and guarantee national development is fundamental goal of the Federative Republic of Brazil, as provided in Title I of the Federal Constitution of 1988. As the international texts on human rights the right to development is viewed as a human right consists of civil, political, economic, social and cultural. These rights form the catalogue of fundamental rights and, being inseparable, must ensure the minimum existential to everybody. As a fundamental right, the right to development, including those rights and guarantees arising from international treaties that the Brazil is party, must have immediate application, be put director element of the principle of human dignity / A dignidade da pessoa humana é fundamento e a garantia do desenvolvimento nacional constitui objetivo fundamental da República Federativa do Brasil, conforme disposto no Título I da Constituição Federal de 1988. Conforme os textos internacionais sobre direitos humanos o direito ao desenvolvimento é tido como um direito humano constituído de direitos civis, políticos, econômicos, sociais e culturais. Esses direitos integram o catálogo de direitos fundamentais e, sendo indissociáveis, devem garantir o mínimo existencial a todos. Como direito fundamental, o direito ao desenvolvimento, incluídos aqueles direitos e garantias decorrentes dos tratados internacionais que é parte o Brasil, deve ter aplicação imediata, posto ser o elemento concretizador do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana

Esta tese apresenta o Direito de Acesso à Energia (DAE) como parte do Direito ao Desenvolvimento (DD) o qual é um desmembramento dos Direitos Humanos (DHs) previstos na Declaração Universal assinada em 1948. Percorre a evolução histórica desses Direitos para chegar ao modelo de desenvolvimento mais colaborativo discutido na década de 90 e no início deste Século. Apontam-se os compromissos do Estado contemporâneo e dos seus governantes para o atendimento dos Direitos que são inerentes a todos os cidadãos. Demonstra que o DAE é pré-condição e um meio para o exercício de outros DHs como o Direito à vida, à moradia, ao trabalho, à água, ao mínimo alimentar e à inclusão digital, esta última decorrente do avanço do cyber-space e da global society e por isso um dever irrecusável do Governo e do Estado. Depois se descreve a estrutura normativa dos serviços de energia que começaram como públicos transitaram pela denominação de utilidade pública e essencial para no final serem todos serviços ao público, independentemente do regime de concessão ou autorização. Além disso, também se analisa a diferença entre as políticas energéticas de tarifa social e o Programa Luz para Todos (LpT) num nítido reconhecimento das obrigações governamentais e estatais. No estudo de caso narram-se alguns exemplos de localidades onde o esforço da população, aliado à tecnologia e vontade política se gera energia e como isso se fez dos seus usuários os protagonistas da sua própria história. Por fim, confirma-se que os DHs são Direitos em movimento e por isso não há como estabelecer a quantidade mínima de energia sendo o DAE a base para todos os outros Direitos. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present in this 21st Century, the Energy Right (ER) as part of the Right to Development (RD), which unfolds from the Human Rights (HRs) established in the Universal Declaration signed in 1948. It covers the historical evolution of these Rights to reach the more collaborative Development model discussed in the nineties and in the beginning of this Century. It points out the commitments of the contemporaneous State and their governors as to the compliance with the Rights that are inherent to all citizens. It has also been demonstrated that the ER is a prerequirement and a mean for the exercise of other HRs such as the Right to life, to housing, to work, to water, to basic food and to digital inclusion, this latter arising from the development of the cyber-space and of global society and, hence, an undeniable duty of the government and of the State. Subsequently, it describes the normative structure of energy services that started as public, were temporarily referred to as of public and essential interest and in the end were all established as services to public, regardless of the concession system or authorization. Moreover, it also analyses the difference between the energy policies for social rate and the Program Luz para Todos (Light for All) in a clear acknowledgement of the government and state obligations. The case study depicts some examples of locations where the population effort allied to the technology and political will generates energy and how that transformed users into main characters of their own history. Finally, it is confirmed that the HR are Rights in movement and, thus, one cannot establish a minimum amount of energy inasmuch as the ER is the base for all other Rights in The XXI Century.

O presente estudo pode ser considerado parte da linha de pesquisa Comércio, Direitos Humanos e Desenvolvimento, temática recorrente que procura entender e analisar os impactos do comércio internacional na realização dos direitos humanos e no desenvolvimento, além de propor alternativas sobre o inter-relacionamento das três áreas. A integração positiva entre elas depende de muito mais do que a adoção de medidas preventivas contra os possíveis prejuízos advindos da liberalização. Um sistema de comércio internacional que seja realmente favorável aos direitos humanos e ao desenvolvimento entendido não apenas como benefício econômico, mas principalmente como desenvolvimento social, político e cultural , deve ir além e atuar de forma positiva e não passiva. Neste sentido, não se pode considerar a liberalização dos serviços educacionais no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), se não forem conduzidas de forma a contribuir para a realização do direito ao desenvolvimento em todas as nações e a todos os indivíduos. No entanto, evidenciada existência de um atual mercado educacional, deve-se buscar alternativas para colocar a realização do direito ao desenvolvimento um direito humano que garante a realização de diversos outros direitos humanos no topo dos objetivos do comércio internacional. Assim, é obrigatório que se procure encontrar uma maneira de negociar o setor de serviços educacionais que não prejudique e ainda colabore para uma implementação mais efetiva do direito ao desenvolvimento. Objetivando cooperar com este relevante e necessário propósito, este estudo discute a atual relação entre o comércio internacional de serviços educacionais e o direito ao desenvolvimento, bem como analisa a importância da educação para os direitos humanos e o desenvolvimento. Afinal, a educação deve ser vista como uma mercadoria liberalizável ou deve ser tratada, acima de tudo, como um direito humano e um bem público, que deve ser protegido? / This study can be considered as part of the current research under Trade, Human Rights and Development, that intends to understand and evaluate the impacts of international trade at human rights and development, besides proposing alternatives to relate all three areas. Integrating international trade, realization of human rights, and development depend on much more than just preventing consequential damages of trade liberalization. An international trade system that is really favorable to development considered not only as economical gain, but also as social, political and cultural development and human rights must go further, and act positively rather than just passively. In this scenario, negotiating education services at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in a way that does not contribute to the realization of the right to development in all nations and for all human beings can not be considered welcome or even feasible. However, bearing in mind that there is already an education market, reality claims for alternatives to put the realization of the right to development as a human right that guarantees several other fundamental rights at the top of international trade goals. Therefore, finding a way of liberalizing education services that does not hinder and yet cooperates to a more effective implementation of the right to development is now mandatory. Aiming to cooperate with this relevant and necessary purpose, this study discuss the current relation between international trade in education services and the right to development, as well as the importance of education to human rights and development. After all, should education be seen as international trade commodity or should it be treated, above all, as a human right and a public good in need of protection?

Le droit au développement est une singularité du droit international contemporain. Désigné comme un droit fondamental inaliénable, il vise à garantir l’épanouissement des personnes et l’amélioration de la condition humaine. Ce droit polyvalent fournit à ses sujets un titre pour agir afin que la personne humaine soit à l’initiative, au centre et au bénéfice de toutes les activités de développement. Mais sa nature complexe, sa vaste finalité de justice sociale et les captations militantes rendent sa juridicité délicate. Il est souvent présenté comme une vieille lune ayant chu dans les limbes.Or, après une brève éclipse, le droit au développement resurgit par des voies inattendues, délié de l’idéologie antérieure, en relation avec les métamorphoses des concepts du développement. Sa résurgence lui fait gagner en densité et illustre la variété du law-making process. Des standards sont élaborés, des jurisprudences s’établissent et des pratiques naissent. Le phénomène commande une analyse nouvelle, axée sur l’effectivité. Celle-ci s’entend de son existence positive comme prérogative invocable par des titulaires identifiés, de son usage et de sa réception dans les ordres juridiques.Au-delà, son affermissement interroge les transformations à l’œuvre dans le droit des gens. Une symbiose se forme en effet entre les progrès d’effectivité du droit au développement et le processus d’humanisation du droit international. Cette interaction permet in fine la conciliation des droits de l’homme, des droits des peuples et des droits des États, dans la perspective d’un humanisme juridique pragmatique. / The right to development is a singularity in contemporary international law.It has been presented frequently as a inalienable and fundamental right : it aims to guarantee the personal fulfillment and the improvement of human condition. This multi-skilled and multi-purpose right gives to its subjects (human beings) a legal entitlement, enabling them to become the beginning, the center and the beneficiaries of all development activities. But its complex nature, its large purpose of social justice and political militancy make it juridicity difficult. The right to development is often summarized as an old idea in limbo.However, after a discrete periode, the right to development reappears by unexpected ways, free of its old ideologies, in connexion with the metamorphosis of the new concepts of development. Its resurgence is making itself stronger : it is an illustration of the variety of the law making process in international law. Some standards are elaborating, legal precedents and jurisprudences are coming, and certain practices of this right are emerging. This phenomenon requires a new analysis based on the effectivity of the right.Beyond its use as right per se, the consolidation of the right to development reveals current transformations in international law. A symbiosis exists between the effective progress of the right to development and the process of humanization of the international law. This connexion enable a reconciliation between human rights, peoples' rights and States' rights, in the perspective of a pragmactic legal humanism.