This report examines the risk and protective factors that the students who live and attend school in a particularly vulnerable area have, according to the “school personnel”, that are linked to antisocial and norm-breaking behavior. A particular targeting has been made for the girl’s risk- and protective factors. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted at a school for children between 6-12 years old, which is presented and analyzed using a thematic analysis and literature. The report uses the ecological explanatory model as a theoretical background. The conditions are different for children living and attending school in a particularly vulnerable area, where the students risk factors significantly outnumber their protective factors, that increase the student’s risk of developing anti-social and/or norm-breaking behavior such as drug use, violence and criminality. School personnel are positive about their own work and the school's role as a protective factor but illustrate several challenges for their work. In the discussion, the student’s risk- and protective factors are problematized, and the Swedish language is presented to be the factor that has the greatest impact on the student’s future without antisocial and/or norm breaking behavior. / Denna rapport undersöker risk- och skyddsfaktorer, kopplade till antisocialt och normbrytande beteende, som skolpersonal identifierar hos sina elever, som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. En särskild fördjupning görs gällande flickornas risk- och skyddsfaktorer. Detta görs genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på en låg- och mellanstadieskola, som redovisas och analyseras med hjälp av en tematisk analys och befintlig litteratur/forskning. Rapporten har den ekologiska förklaringsmodellen som teoretisk bakgrund. Förutsättningarna är annorlunda för de barn som bor och går i skolan i ett särskilt utsatt område. Dessa elever exponeras för betydligt fler riskfaktorer än skyddsfaktorer, vilket ökar risken för eleven att utveckla antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende såsom droganvändning, våld och kriminalitet. Skolpersonalen förhåller sig positiva till sitt eget arbete och skolans roll som skyddsfaktor men belyser även ett flertal utmaningar i sitt arbete. I diskussionen problematiserats elevens risk- och skyddsfaktorer och det svenska språket redovisas vara den faktor som har störst betydelse för elevens framtid utan ett antisocialt och/eller normbrytande beteende.

Denna studie undersöker hur skolpersonalen uppmärksammar och arbetar med barn som växer upp med en förälder eller flera föräldrar med ett skadligt bruk av alkohol eller andra droger. Studien undersöker även hur skolpersonalen upplever tillgången till resurser för detta arbete och syftar till att lyfta fram det sociala arbetet i skolan. Med hjälp av intervjuer med de yrkesverksamma i skolan studeras deras perspektiv på förebyggande arbete i relation till barn i utsatta miljöer. Intervjupersonerna arbetar på grundskolan i Stockholms samt Västerås län och har olika yrkesroller. Empirin i denna undersökning omfattas av en kvalitativ intervjustudie och därmed har data samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultaten visar att skolpersonalen understryker betydelsen av relationsskapande med barn som lever med en eller flera föräldrar med skadligt bruk. Resultatet framhäver även att brist på resurser för skolans arbete med dessa barn minskar möjligheterna att förstärka skyddsfaktorer som kan hindra framtida problem hos barnen. Synliggörande av barnens egna beteenden menas vara betydelsefullt i arbetet med att kunna identifiera och fånga upp de barn som lever i skadliga levnadsförhållanden. Den utvecklingsekologiska teorin används som en ram för denna studie då teorin centrerar kring barnets sammanhang. Begreppet risk- och skyddsfaktor har haft stor relevans för vår studie eftersom den hjälper oss att förstå barnens beteenden, de riskfaktorer som barnet utsätts för och hur skolan kan vara en skyddsfaktor. Begreppet ökar även vår förståelse för barnet som individ på en social och strukturell nivå. Studiens slutsats kan delas upp i tre delar och kopplar till de teman denna undersökning fått fram utifrån den tematiska analysen: (1) Förekomsten av bristande resurser i det förebyggande sociala arbetet i skolan; (2) betydelsen av relationsbyggande mellan elever och skolpersonal; (3) och observationer av barns avvikande beteende. / This study investigates how school personnel notice and work with children who grow up with one or more parents with harmful use of alcohol or other drugs. The study also examines how the school staff perceives the availability of resources for this work and aims to highlight the social work in the school. With the help of interviews with the professionals in the school, their perspective on preventive work in relation to children in vulnerable environments is studied. The interviewees work at primary schools in Stockholm and Västerås counties and have different work roles. The empirical work in this investigation is covered by a qualitative interview study and thus the data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that school staff emphasize the importance of relationship building with children who live with one or more parents with harmful use. The result also highlights that a lack of resources for the school's work with these children reduces the opportunities to strengthen protective factors that can prevent future problems in the children. Making the children's own behaviors visible is said to be important in the work of being able to identify and catch the children who live in harmful living conditions. The developmental ecology theory is used as a framework for this study as the theory centers around the context of the child. The concept of risk and protective factor has had great relevance to our study because it helps us understand the children's behavior, the risk factors the child is exposed to and how the school can be a protective factor. The concept also increases our understanding of the child as an individual on a social and structural level. The study's conclusion can be divided into three parts and links to the themes that this research has produced based on the thematic analysis: (1) The existence of a lack of resources in the preventive social work in the school; (2) the importance of relationship building between students and school staff; (3) and observations of children's deviant behavior.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utreda och analysera vilka faktorer socialsekreterare på mottagningsenheten för barn och unga beaktar vid bedömandet av inledande av utredning efter anmälan avseende ungdomsbrottslighet. Studien bygger på sex kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare som arbetar på mottagning för barn och unga i socialtjänsten. Vidare analyserades samtliga intervjuer utifrån tematisk analys. Genom en tematisk analys visar det övergripande resultatet att brottets karaktär, föräldraförmåga, ungdomens beteende, tidigare kännedom och polisens beskrivning av ungdomen påverkar socialsekreterarnas bedömning gällande att inleda utredning på unga som begår brott eller är misstänka för brott. Socialsekreterarna i vår studie klargjorde att brottets karaktär var av betydelse vid bedömning om att inleda utredning, sett till brottets allvarlighet. Föräldraförmåga belystes som en faktor som antingen skapade oro hos socialsekreterarna eller minskade deras oro då föräldrarna uppvisade god föräldraförmåga. De beskrev även ungdomens beteende som en faktor som togs i beaktning vid socialsekreterarnas bedömning, men ungdomens beteende var av störst vikt vid mindre allvarliga brott. Tidigare kännedom om en ungdom resulterade i att socialsekreterarna många gånger bedömda att inleda utredning. Utifrån resultatet kunde vi dra slutsatsen att socialsekreterarnas bedömning inte endast påverkas av själva brottet, utan en helhetsbedömning av faktorer runt ungdomen tas främst i beaktning. / The purpose of this essay has been to investigate and analyze which factors social workers, at the reception unit for children and young people, take into account when assessing the initiation of an investigation after a report regarding juvenile delinquency. The study is based on six qualitative semi-structured interviews with social workers who work at reception for children and young people in social services. Furthermore, all interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis which as an overall, results in showing that the nature of the crime, parenting skills, the youth's behavior, previous knowledge, and the police's description of the youth influence the social workers' assessment of whether to initiate an investigation into young people who commit crimes or are suspected of crimes. Moreover, the social workers in our study clarified that the nature of the crime was important when deciding whether to initiate an investigation, given the seriousness of the crime. Parental ability was highlighted as a factor that either created concern for the social workers or reduced their concern when the parents demonstrated good parenting ability. Similarly, they also described the youth's behavior as a factor, considering the social workers' assessment, but the youth's behavior was of greatest importance for less serious offences. Previous knowledge of a young person resulted in the social workers many times deciding to initiate an investigation. In short and based on the results, we could conclude that the social workers' assessment is not only influenced by the crime itself, but an overall assessment of factors surrounding the young person is mainly taken into account.

Behandlingsarbete med familjer med psykisk ohälsa är komplext, därför diskuteras det sällan i forskningen. Genom att undersöka hur behandlare arbetar för att skydda barn (0–17 år) och hjälpa föräldrar i familjer med psykisk ohälsa, finns det möjlighet att studera komplexiteten i det behandlingsarbetet inom socialtjänsten. Kvalitativ forskningsmetod har använts i denna studie. De empiriska underlagen utgörs av 12 intervjuer med behandlare som aktivt arbetar med behandlingsarbete med familjer med psykisk ohälsa. Denna studie diskuterar sex teman: familjer med psykisk ohälsa inom socialtjänsten, konsekvenser för barn till föräldrar med psykisk ohälsa, det praktiska sociala arbetets utmaningar och svårigheter, utvecklingsområde i arbete med familjer med psykisk ohälsa, organisatoriska utmaningar i det sociala arbetet samt möjligheter i det sociala arbetet med familjer med psykisk ohälsa. Studiens resultat visar att interventioner som erbjuds till familjer med psykisk ohälsa är främst inriktad till familj som en enhet. Som en följd av detta menar behandlarna att de upplever en rollkonflikt mellan att skydda barnen och hjälpa föräldrarna. Alltså en svår balans mellan vårdade respektive tillitsbrytande funktion i arbete med dessa familjer. Sammanfattningsvis tenderar fokuset att dels flyttas från att skydda barnet till att motivera föräldrar, dels att försöka hjälpa föräldrarna att inse problemen och deras konsekvenser. / Treatment work with families with mental illness is complex, which is why it is rarely discussed in research. By examining how therapists work to protect children (0-17 years) and help parents in families with mental illness, there is an opportunity to study the complexity of that treatment work within social services. Qualitative research method has been used in this study. The empirical data consists of 12 interviews with therapists who actively work with treatment work with families with mental illness. This study discusses six themes: families with mental illness in social services, consequences for children of parents with mental illness, practical social work challenges and difficulties, areas of development in work with families with mental illness, organizational challenges in social work and opportunities in social work the work with families with mental illness. The results of the study show that interventions offered to families with mental illness are primarily aimed at the family as a unit. As a consequence of this, the therapists believe that they experience a role conflict between protecting the children and helping the parents. So, a difficult balance between nurturing and trust-breaking functions in work with these families. In summary, the focus tends to shift from protecting the child to motivating parents, and trying to help the parents understand the problems and their consequences.

<p>The aim of this study is to examine which factors in the receiving-country that have had an influence on three now adult unaccompanied refugee children. The method used in the study is qualitative interviews with the three above-mentioned participants. The results show that some factors are perceived as helpful, having a positive influence on the participants life while other factors are perceived as worsening, having a negative influence on their life. Depending on the context some factors such as age, the Swedish language and housing arrangements have had both positive and negative influences on their life. Positive factors are among other things: access to good treatment and support, help with processing trauma and bad mental health, help with understanding coherence, access to a social network, family reunification, resilience and other internal factors. Negative factors are among other things: loneliness, feeling of powerlessness, mistakes made by public authority and “the long waiting” until they get a residence permit. The results correspond with previous research findings but have also originated new knowledge that can be added on the current field of research. The results have furthermore been analyzed with theories of risk and resilience, coping and sense of coherence.</p><p>Keywords: unaccompanied refugee children, unaccompanied children, asylum-seeking children /young adolts/adolecenses/minors, resilience, risk and protective factors, coping, sense of coherence (SOC)</p>

The aim of this study is to examine which factors in the receiving-country that have had an influence on three now adult unaccompanied refugee children. The method used in the study is qualitative interviews with the three above-mentioned participants. The results show that some factors are perceived as helpful, having a positive influence on the participants life while other factors are perceived as worsening, having a negative influence on their life. Depending on the context some factors such as age, the Swedish language and housing arrangements have had both positive and negative influences on their life. Positive factors are among other things: access to good treatment and support, help with processing trauma and bad mental health, help with understanding coherence, access to a social network, family reunification, resilience and other internal factors. Negative factors are among other things: loneliness, feeling of powerlessness, mistakes made by public authority and “the long waiting” until they get a residence permit. The results correspond with previous research findings but have also originated new knowledge that can be added on the current field of research. The results have furthermore been analyzed with theories of risk and resilience, coping and sense of coherence. Keywords: unaccompanied refugee children, unaccompanied children, asylum-seeking children /young adolts/adolecenses/minors, resilience, risk and protective factors, coping, sense of coherence (SOC)