À partir d’un corpus iconographique de cent vingt-sept miniatures issues de quatre-vingt-un manuscrits copiés et enluminés en France aux XIVe et XVe siècles, ce travail de thèse examine la construction de la figure de « la dame » à travers les textes, mais aussi par et dans l’image. Entre imaginaire et réalité historique, il s’agit d’étudier la manière dont les représentations de cette figure idéalisée, louée par les troubadours et les auteurs du Moyen Âge tardif, influence la vision des rapports sociaux élaborés autour de la femme noble médiévale. En cela, il apparaît nécessaire de distinguer ces entités féminines, l’une réelle, l’autre idéelle, toutes deux partageant néanmoins certaines similitudes au travers des images. Notre approche iconographique repose sur deux principaux axes : les rituels sociaux et l’identité. Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous utilisons une méthodologie d’analyse sérielle, telle que la conçoit Jérôme Baschet, attentive aux répétitions et aux modulations de formules, ainsi qu’à la singularité des œuvres étudiées. Cette démarche conduit à une mise en réseau des images, révélatrice de certains caractères formels permettant de mieux définir le statut d’objet, agent ou sujet, octroyé à la dame au sein des représentations. La thèse explore ainsi la place de la dame dans l’imaginaire et la société chevaleresque, l’approche « courtoise » des rites vassaliques et la question de l’identité du féminin désiré, entre allégorie, genre et transgression. / With a corpus of one hundred and twenty-seven illuminations, from eighty-one manuscripts painted in France in the 14th and 15th centuries, my thesis examines the construction of the lady’s character, through the texts and the imagery.Between imagination and historical reality, we studying how the representations of this idealized figure, praised by troubadours and authors of the late Middle Ages, influence social relationship about the medieval noble woman. It is necessary to distinguish these feminine entities, one real, the other ideal, both sharing some similarities through the images.Our iconographic study is based on two main axes: social rituals and identity. This work uses the serial method of medieval imagery, developped by Jérôme Baschet. It considering recurrences and iconographic modulations, as well as the singularity of the illuminations. This method requires a connection between the images, revealing certain gestures and manners to define the lady’s identity as an object or a subject in the representations.The thesis then explores the role of the lady in the imaginary and the chivalrous society, the "courtly" culture of vassalic rites and the identity of this loved character, between allegory, gender and transgression.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sandra Aparecida Faria.pdf: 2737344 bytes, checksum: c972dea1b2b07c671d565ff611a243b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-20 / This work addresses the importance of performance and rituals to establish the identity of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement. It brings out the history of this movement and its Neo-Pentecostal origins, identifying elements from this movement s doctrine and conversion s strategy. Based on a literature review and participant observation this works considers the concepts from social anthropology, which may be useful for reading the identity basis of the movement: the concepts of etnoscenology and performances. Coming from the etnoscenolographia the etnoscenology is an aspect of the etnoscience that studies the human s behavior well-organized (mixed of artistic practices and non-artistic, like religious rituals). Under this perspective, the etnoscenology studies looping acts that follow rules already established that individuals from a community can identify themselves. Another concept approached in this work relates to the performance s notion (theoretical-practical arising from anthropology and sociology) and researches the collective actions in their rituals. This performance s notion comes from the dynamic phenomena, which occurs as collective movement where social s actors and their reception take part. Based on these principles, this research shows the body and gestural elements that we can see in the charismatic s etnoscenology. The use of body techniques, such as touch, hands laying and kneel, mixed with prays, sings and dances were considered as fundamental scenic s elements to make this identity movement. Adding to this performance aspects of glossolalia (brought out from the early Church) as special concession given to devotees. It appears, from the research made, that the etnoscenics performances are fundamental to give identity to the movement. / Esta pesquisa tem como intenção abordar a importância das performances e ritualidades no estabelecimento da identidade do movimento da Renovação Carismática Católica. Para isso, evoca o histórico do movimento e sua filiação às raízes neopentecostais, identificando elementos de sua doutrina e estratégias de conversão. Tendo como base uma pesquisa bibliográfica e de observação participante, o trabalho considera os conceitos advindos da antropologia social, que podem ser úteis para leitura dos fundamentos identitários do movimento: os conceitos de etcnocenologia e de performances. Derivado da etnocenografia, a etnocenologia é uma vertente da etnociência que estuda os comportamentos humanos espetaculares organizados, que compreendem práticas artísticas e nãoartísticas, como rituais religiosos. Sob esta perspectiva a etnocenologia estuda atos repetidos que seguem regras estabelecidas, formas sob as quais os indivíduos de uma comunidade podem se identificar. Outro conceito utilizado na pesquisa diz respeito à noção de performance, construção teórico-prática advinda da antropologia e da sociologia, que investiga as ações espetaculares coletivas em suas formas e ritualidades. A noção de performance parte da análise de fenômenos dinâmicos, que ocorrem em processo, envolvendo atores sociais e sua recepção, como movimento coletivo. Partindo-se desses princípios a pesquisa evidenciou os elementos corporais e gestuais, presentes na etnocenologia dos carismas. A utilização de técnicas corporais como o toque, imposição das mãos, associados aos atos de ajoelhar-se e a gestualidade presente nas orações, cantos e danças foram considerados como elementos cênicos fundamentais para a composição da identidade do movimento. Acrescente-se a esta performance dos carismas os aspectos da glossolalia, evocados dos primeiros tempos da Igreja, como concessão especial conferida aos devotos. Depreende-se, da pesquisa realizada que as performances etnocênicas são fundamentais para conferir identidade ao movimento.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T11:21:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUENE GONCALVES DOS SANTOS.pdf: 1685326 bytes, checksum: 697f9e237ddaa4a2f04f2c038c6bebab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / This paper aims to understand the popular practices of benzimento, against scientific knowledge. The practice of benzimento is a ritual of healing through faith, built from the symbolic universe, rich in detail and singularities. Our objective was to analyze the practice of healing from the office of faith healers. To this end, we will have the testimony ten healers; six of the cities of Pires do Rio and four in the city of Palmelo. Fundamental characters for the composition of this study, through their life stories and experiences with members benzeção revealed aspects of religious healing ritual. The cases observed during field work also seek to expose as other religious denominations are articulated by healers for the reworking of its therapeutic practices. / Este trabalho tem como proposta compreender as práticas populares do benzimento, frente ao conhecimento científico. A prática do benzimento é um ritual de cura por meio da fé, construído a partir do universo simbólico, rico em detalhes e singularidades. O nosso objetivo foi analisar a prática de cura a partir do ofício das benzedeiras. Para tanto, contaremos com o depoimento de dez benzedeiras; seis das cidades de Pires do Rio e quatro da cidade de Palmelo. Personagens fundamentais para a composição deste estudo, por meio de suas histórias de vida e experiências com a benzeção revelaram aspectos integrantes deste ritual de cura religiosa. Os casos observados durante o trabalho de campo procuram também expor como outras denominações religiosas são articuladas pelas benzedeiras, para a reelaboração de suas práticas terapêuticas.

Pesquisa realizada em uma das unidades do Colégio da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo com enfoque na relação intersubjetiva que se estabelece entre o imaginário militar da instituição, que é movido pela idéia da ordem, da organização e da padronização, e que se propõe a preparar os alunos para o futuro, e o imaginário dionisíaco desses, voltado para a busca do prazer, por um querer viver a vida sem medida e pelo imediatismo, característicos da juventude. Através da metodologia de estudo de caso coletivo/etnográfico busca compreender a violência juvenil dentro da escola como uma forma de resistência às normas, formalismos e imposições que dominam o cotidiano da escola por vezes tornando difícil a recursividade entre o instituído e o instituinte. Para a compreensão foram feitas a análise dos imaginários em confronto a partir da antropologia do imaginário de Gilbert Durand e do cotidiano vivenciado na instiuição a partir da socioantropologia do cotidiano de Michel Maffesoli, ambas as teorias em consonância com o paradigma da complexidade de Edgar Morin. / Research realized in one of the branches of Colégio da Polícia Militar in São Paulo state approaching the relationship between the military imaginary of the institution, which is moved by the idea of order, organization and standardization, which objective is to prepare the students for the future, and the dionysian imaginary of the students, who want the pleasure and joy, which looks for living life without measure, in an immoderate way, a distinguishing mark of youth. By the methodology called study of common/ethnographic case it intends to understand the youth violence inside the school as a resistance against the precepts, rules, impositions and formalisms that control the school quotidian sometimes making difficult the relationship between the institution and the students. In order to understand this relationship was made the investigation of both imaginaries, which are in confrontation, using the theory of Gilbert Durand (anthropology of imaginary), the socioanthopology of quotidian from Michel Maffesoli based on the comprehension of the daily relationships inside the school between the students and the grown-up persons who work there. Both theories were in harmony with Edgar Morin thought about the theory of complexity paradigm.

本文採取道教文獻研究方法，以蔣叔輿（1162-1223）所撰的《無上黃籙大齋立成儀》為例子，探討南宋道教黃籙齋儀的發展與變革。 / 黃籙齋儀是具有久遠歷史發展之道教科儀，其儀式傳統可接源六朝道教科範。蔣叔輿承其師留用光（？-1206）的啟導，從六朝靈寶經典中編修齋儀，其中《金籙簡文》和《黃籙簡文》的科範更是蔣氏整理「古法」黃籙齋儀時最重要的參考；而內容則以懺謝為中心。 / 另一方面，在一個新科儀、新法術傳統出現之變革時代，南宋黃籙齋也不可避免地出現了一些新變革，其中最明顯是文書系統和薦拔度亡儀式的加入。 / 黃籙齋之文書系統，是一個涉及「文書」、「天上官署」、「印篆」、「法」、「籙」的龐大系統；這是吸收了世俗行政文書之應用，亦是道教科儀能區別於一般民間祭祀的重要特點。另各法派之文書系統、印篆運用、對行儀者法籙要求也各成一系，這亦是讓我們判別不同法派齋儀的重要依據。 / 此外，南宋黃籙齋晚上新增的度亡儀式，包括了破獄、召魂、沐浴、設斛、鍊度、傳戒環節，並會分正薦亡魂、普薦幽魂兩線並行，而且兩種薦度的重點也不一樣。對比「古法」黃籙齋儀，這些新儀式更著重採用行符、存想、唸呪的法術來薦拔度亡。然而通過對這些法術行持的分析，又會發展其源與六朝道教經科有不少聯繫。 / 南宋黃籙齋儀一方面延續了六朝靈寶黃籙齋儀懺謝的傳統，另一方面又能確保齋儀能從新法術中吸取養份，以更有效而全面地拔度亡魂。《無上黃籙大齋立成儀》的黃籙齋儀同時存在著新、古兩類儀式；這種試圖於新法術和舊傳統中以爭取平衡，只怕亦是南宋黃籙齋在儀式變革的一種體現。 / This thesis adopts the study of Daoist liturgical texts, based on Standardized Rituals of the Supreme Yellow Register Retreat (WushangHuanglu dazhai licheng yi 無上黃籙大齋立成儀) written by Jiang Shuyu 蔣叔輿 (1162-1223), to investigate the development and transformation of rituals of the Yellow Register Retreat (Huanglu zhai 黃籙齋). / The thesis attempts to demonstrate that rituals of the Huanglu zhai had a long historical Daoist ritual background. The rituals could be tracked back to the liturgies of Six Dynasties. Jiang Shuyu was inspired by his teacher Liu Yongguang 留用光 (?-1206) to compile the rituals of Retreat (zhai 齋) from Lingbao 靈寶 scriptures. Among the scriptures, Jinlu jinwen 金籙簡文 and Huanglu jinwen 黃籙簡文 were the most important references for Jiang to compile "old ways"(gufa 古法). The central idea of them is confession and apology (chanxie 懺謝). / It was an era with the transformation of new rites, the Huanglu zhai in Southern Song unavoidably brought in some reforms. The most obvious two examples were the application of the system of written-documents (wenshu 文書) and the ritual of salvation of souls (duwang 度亡). / The system of written-documents in the Huanglu zhai is enormous and it involved written-documents, supernal offices (guanshu 官署), stamps (yin 印), rites (fa 法) and register (lu 籙). It absorbed the administrative documents system. And it was a crucial differentiation between Daoist ritual and folk sacrifice. Different rites adopted different systems of written-documents, different use of seals and different requirements on the ritual master. These are important evidences for us to differentiate various traditions of the rituals of zhai. / Besides that, the Huanglu zhai of Southern Song introduced the ritual of salvation of souls at night, including breaking the hell, summoning the souls, bathing, feeding, refining and teaching the precepts. They were divided into two parallel lines, the salvation of the ancestors and the universal salvation of orphan souls, and their focus were different. Comparing to Lingbao "old ways", these new salvation of souls rituals valued more on sending talismans (fu 符), visualization (cunxiang 存想), and chanting incantations (nianzhou 唸呪). And through analyzing these practices, we discovered that the origin has many connections with the scriptures and liturgies of Six Dynasties. / The ritual of Huanglu zhai, on the one hand continued the practice of confession and apology of LingbaoHuanglu zhai ritual in Six Dynasties, on the other hand it ensured the ritual could absorb new elements from the new rites in order to save the souls effectively and thoroughly. The ritual of Huanglu zhai in WushangHuanglu dazhai licheng yi included both old and new rituals. It tried to strike a balance between the new practice and the old tradition. That also demonstrated the transformation of Huanglu zhai in the Southern Song Dynasties. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 梁斯韻. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-263). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Liang Siyun.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucelene Ferreira Barbin.pdf: 635609 bytes, checksum: 15b5bf76ad8f20082b05653d3ef14a7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Before long, the world s format was radically transformed by the arrival of globalization and all of what, unprecedentedly, was put at man s disposal technology, goods, service, among others. This is precisely a study about the family in this Postmodern context, where truths and certainties were relativized giving rise to doubts and uncertainties, according to the theorists that describe it. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative research from the perspective of the new paradigmatic systemic conception, whose point of view is the construction of the reality as a theoretical framework, through a semi-structured interview with couples who formed families that effectively live contemporary realities, so that they could narrate with their own voice how it is do be a family and to live as a family in this context. The analysis of the narratives led to the following thematic categories: "The Representation of Family s Sense and Meaning"; "Values"; "Rituals"; "Contemporary Aspects that Complicate the Relations in the Current Family". It was found that the resulting transformation of paradigmatic changes that gave rise to what we call Postmodernity also affected the traditional family, which remains under multiple configurations, settled mainly in the sense of family based on affection involving its members. Furthermore, it was also established that one of the main points of maintenance for the existence of the family is the practice of family rituals, moments in which comes to members of the family set a sense of belonging and unity in relation to the family as a whole. If affection is the basis of family formation, rituals are the glue that holds it together. An important point noted in relation to the rituals is the intentionality that makes possible its realization / Em pouco tempo, o formato do mundo radicalmente se transformou com a chegada da globalização e com tudo o que, ineditamente, ela colocou à disposição do homem tecnologia, bens, serviços, entre outros. Nosso trabalho consiste em estudar a família neste contexto Pós-Moderno, em que as verdades e as certezas se relativizaram dando lugar a dúvidas e incertezas, segundo os teóricos que a descrevem. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa sob a perspectiva da concepção sistêmica novo paradigmática do ponto de vista da construção da realidade como referencial teórico, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com casais, para que pudessem narrar com voz própria como é ser família e viver em família neste contexto. A análise das narrativas deu origem às seguintes categorias temáticas: A Representação do Sentido e Significado de Família ; Valores ; Rituais ; Aspectos da Contemporaneidade que Dificultam as Relações na Família Atual . Constatamos que as transformações resultantes das mudanças paradigmáticas que ensejaram o que chamamos de Pós-Modernidade também afetaram a família tradicional, que se mantém sob múltiplas configurações, assentada, sobretudo, no sentido de família baseado no afeto que envolve seus membros. Além disso, foi possível constatar que uma das principais ocorrências para a manutenção da existência da família é a prática de rituais familiares, momentos em que sobrevém aos membros do sistema familiar um sentido de pertencimento e união em relação à família como um todo. Se a afetividade é a base da formação da família, os rituais são a argamassa que a mantém unida. Um ponto importante constatado em relação aos rituais é o caráter de intencionalidade que torna possível sua realização

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-17T11:53:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valmir dos Santos Batalha.pdf: 4518111 bytes, checksum: 2e5c0e7af2b05fb6c88bd2c1cefaa7bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:53:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valmir dos Santos Batalha.pdf: 4518111 bytes, checksum: 2e5c0e7af2b05fb6c88bd2c1cefaa7bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This ethnographic study presented here about the “Menino do Rancho”, “Mesa de Cura”, “Corrida do Imbu”, Penitência and “Pagamento de Prato” rituals from the native society Pankararu, presents a high cultural, social, religious and political value. A field research was conducted to the understanding of representations and relations between “Encantados” and humans, who establish contracts through exchanges. This study intends to collaborate on the understanding of the complex ritualistic culture of people who established in the past, social relationship with other native people in order to keep alive their traditions; they lost their mother tongue, but kept their customs. The Pankararu people have their first village at “Brejo dos Padres”, in Jatobá town, in the state of Pernambuco, in the region of São Francisco river. The “Encantados” have the power of healing and aggregating in the social life the members of this society. The Pankararu rituals are gradually incorporating the urban values and the Roman Catholic Church / Este estudo etnográfico, que ora apresento, dos rituais do Menino do Rancho, Mesa de Cura, Corrida do Imbu, Penitência e Pagamento de Prato, da sociedade indígena Pankararu, apresenta um alto valor cultural, social, religioso e político. A pesquisa de campo foi direcionada à compreensão das representações e relações dos Encantados com os humanos, que estabelecem contratos através de trocas. Esta Tese pretende colaborar na compreensão da cultura ritualística complexa de um povo que estabeleceu no passado relação social com outros povos indígenas para manter vivas suas tradições; perderam a língua materna, mas mantiveram seus hábitos. Os Pankararu têm como aldeia mãe o Brejo dos Padres, no município de Jatobá, no Estado de Pernambuco, na região do submédio do rio São Francisco. Os Encantados têm poder de curar e agregar na vida social os membros dessa sociedade. Os ritos Pankararu, aos poucos, vão absorvendo valores urbanos e da Igreja Católica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Fonseca Micsik.pdf: 20350551 bytes, checksum: dfaf22f4b11ff030434d83dca34a6921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims to analyze questions about the study of rites of passage, more specifically those that involve the Dying and Death in order to outline the importance of funerary rituals in the Hindu and Egyptian civilizations. Anchored in the structures of analysis about the death of literature from the areas of Anthropology, History and Egyptology norteio my reflections on the theories developed to understand the encounters with thinking about the myth of immortality, and the relations of related strains in obtaining direct of eternal life. With that as a starting point, develop questions about the different treatments of the bodies within the funerary rituals, especially rituals of mummification made in ancient Egypt, and the cremation used by Hindus to be able to outline the importance of relations between conservation and destruction of bodies. We understand that funeral rituals are part of the collective memory of civilizations, just as the archaeological remains are part of the documents-monuments preserved for the studies of history and archeology that form the reference, since they keep the traditions of old cultures. To illustrate this concept use me iconographic references to better illustrate the permanence of these cultures. The methodology used to analyze the organization initially predicted iconographic and pictorial description of the sets of books, and photographic collections specialist, found the Internet and photos taken by me to visit the British Museum in London and the Vatican in Italy / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar questões sobre os estudos dos rituais de passagem, mais especificamente àqueles que envolvem o Morrer e a Morte com o intuito de traçar a importância dos rituais funerários nas civilizações Egípcia e Hindu. Ancorada nas estruturas de analise sobre a morte a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nas áreas de Antropologia, História e Egiptologia norteio minhas reflexões nas teorias desenvolvidas para entender os encontros com o pensar sobre o mito da imortalidade, e as relações de tensões relacionadas na obtenção do direto da vida eterna. Tendo isso como ponto inicial, desenvolvo questões sobre os diferentes tratamentos dos corpos dentro dos rituais funerários, em especial os rituais de mumificação realizados no antigo Egito, e os de cremação utilizados pelos Hindus para que se possa delinear a importância das relações entre conservação e destruição dos corpos. Podemos entender que os rituais funerários fazem parte da memória coletiva das civilizações, da mesma forma que os vestígios arqueológicos são parte dos documentos-monumentos conservados a favor dos estudos de história e arqueologia que nos constituirão referencia, uma vez que elas guardam as tradições de culturas milenares. Para ilustrar tal conceito utilizo-me de referencias iconográficas para melhor ilustrar a permanência dessas culturas. A metodologia utilizada para a análise iconográfica previu inicialmente a organização e descrição dos conjuntos imagéticos em livros, e acervos fotográficos especializados, encontrados na internet e fotos tiradas por mim em visita aos museus Britânico em Londres e do Vaticano na Itália

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:53:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Beatriz Fonseca Micsik.pdf: 20350551 bytes, checksum: dfaf22f4b11ff030434d83dca34a6921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation aims to analyze questions about the study of rites of passage, more specifically those that involve the Dying and Death in order to outline the importance of funerary rituals in the Hindu and Egyptian civilizations. Anchored in the structures of analysis about the death of literature from the areas of Anthropology, History and Egyptology norteio my reflections on the theories developed to understand the encounters with thinking about the myth of immortality, and the relations of related strains in obtaining direct of eternal life. With that as a starting point, develop questions about the different treatments of the bodies within the funerary rituals, especially rituals of mummification made in ancient Egypt, and the cremation used by Hindus to be able to outline the importance of relations between conservation and destruction of bodies. We understand that funeral rituals are part of the collective memory of civilizations, just as the archaeological remains are part of the documents-monuments preserved for the studies of history and archeology that form the reference, since they keep the traditions of old cultures. To illustrate this concept use me iconographic references to better illustrate the permanence of these cultures. The methodology used to analyze the organization initially predicted iconographic and pictorial description of the sets of books, and photographic collections specialist, found the Internet and photos taken by me to visit the British Museum in London and the Vatican in Italy / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar questões sobre os estudos dos rituais de passagem, mais especificamente àqueles que envolvem o Morrer e a Morte com o intuito de traçar a importância dos rituais funerários nas civilizações Egípcia e Hindu. Ancorada nas estruturas de analise sobre a morte a partir de levantamento bibliográfico nas áreas de Antropologia, História e Egiptologia norteio minhas reflexões nas teorias desenvolvidas para entender os encontros com o pensar sobre o mito da imortalidade, e as relações de tensões relacionadas na obtenção do direto da vida eterna. Tendo isso como ponto inicial, desenvolvo questões sobre os diferentes tratamentos dos corpos dentro dos rituais funerários, em especial os rituais de mumificação realizados no antigo Egito, e os de cremação utilizados pelos Hindus para que se possa delinear a importância das relações entre conservação e destruição dos corpos. Podemos entender que os rituais funerários fazem parte da memória coletiva das civilizações, da mesma forma que os vestígios arqueológicos são parte dos documentos-monumentos conservados a favor dos estudos de história e arqueologia que nos constituirão referencia, uma vez que elas guardam as tradições de culturas milenares. Para ilustrar tal conceito utilizo-me de referencias iconográficas para melhor ilustrar a permanência dessas culturas. A metodologia utilizada para a análise iconográfica previu inicialmente a organização e descrição dos conjuntos imagéticos em livros, e acervos fotográficos especializados, encontrados na internet e fotos tiradas por mim em visita aos museus Britânico em Londres e do Vaticano na Itália

A la fin du XVIIIe siècle, la population de la région stéphanoise est caractérisée par sa maîtrise des processus industriels, une culture spécifique du corps, influencée par les rituels carnavalesques, le mouvement convulsionnaire janséniste, puis le magnétisme animal. L'industrie dépend alors des corps des ouvriers, des Sublimes. Les critiques des élites face à un système industriel passent des discours à une lente immixtion dans la chair des ouvriers qu'il faut enfermer, contrôler et rationaliser. La disqualification des corps ouvriers commence par un déclassement esthétique, qui débouche sur une racialisation, confortée par les théories de la dégénérescence. La rationalisation, la morale hygiéniste et l'éducation physique participent de cette prise de contrôle de la chair. Les nombreuses résistances des ouvriers face à une industrialisation rationalisée et mécanisée aliénante se caractérisent par une contre-culture ouvrière tenace, le maintien de la petite industrie qui maintient des espaces de liberté, et des violences, qui passe par l'anarchisme violent la grève, fracassée par une répression d'Etat. / At the end of the eighteenth century, the population of the Stephan region was characterized by its mastery of industrial processes, a specific culture of the body, influenced by carnival rituals, the Jansenist convulsion movement, and then animal magnetism. lndustry then depends on the bodies of the workers, the Sublimes. The criticisms of the elites in the face of an industrial system pass !rom speeches to a slow interference in the workers' flesh, which must be locked up, controlled and rationalized. The disqualification of the workers' bodies begins with an aesthetic downgrading, which leads to racialization, reinforced by theories of degeneration. Rationalization, hygienic morality and physical education are part of this takeover of the flesh. The many resistance of the workers to an alienating mechanized and rationalized industrialization are characterized by a tenacious working-class counter-culture, the maintenance of small industry which maintains areas of freedom and violence, which passes through anarchism violate the strike, Shattered by a state repression.