Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaBCM_DISSERT.pdf: 3568560 bytes, checksum: e8d1ee58c0b8e3236e2250bab1c9b2e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / With process urbanization process the Brazilian cities have been goin through, Natal/RN does not differ from the other ones, it has had a fast, inordinate and planned urbanization, but not applied, it has caused a high increase of social environmental problems. One of the worrying problems observed is the change in the coastal landscape, which has caused serious damage to the city‟s population, more specifically, of Ponta Negra beach neighborhood. For the geographical studies, the issue, concerning the occupation of the beaches that has been getting higher and higher in the last decades is extremely important because these, in addition to being used as homes in the new urban configuration, have incorporated new ways of environmental interference, without a simultaneous advance of knowledge which would be necessary for a more suitable and rational use of litoral spaces. Thus, the current assignment aimed to focus the coastal landscape of Ponta Negra Beach, in the city of Natal/RN, checking and analyzing the effects caused by anthropic and natural action, and the way it reflects in the quality of life of the resident, working population and of the frequenters as well as the landscape transformations in the area which is object of study, from 1970 through 2010. The methodology used followed to stages, the first concerned the theoretical work bibliographic surveying and composition; and second one the empirical work marking of the environmental characterization and application of the questionnaires. So, we can measure that Ponta Negra, is very susceptible to environmental changes, the ones caused by the natural dynamics of the beach, as well as the human actions (society) in this really fragile and mutable space, so it needs, a more profound systematic study about the coastal landscape. In order to reach a minimization of the change of the landscapes in the coastal zones there must be an integrated management of the environments, based on the planning of actions and territorial reordination of the occupations of these so important spaces, environmentally, as well as socioeconomically. Whereas, only this way, we will have a sustentable development and a suitable use of that space / Com o processo de urbaniza??o que as cidades brasileiras vem passando, Natal/RN n?o foge a regra das demais, tendo ocorrido uma urbaniza??o acelerada, desordenada e planejada por?m n?o aplicada, vem provocando um elevado aumento dos problemas socioambientais. Um dos preocupantes problemas verificados ? a mudan?a na paisagem costeira, que tem causado s?rios danos ? popula??o da cidade, mais, especificamente, do bairro de Ponta Negra. Para os estudos geogr?ficos, a quest?o da ocupa??o das praias que vem se intensificando nas ?ltimas d?cadas, ? de grande import?ncia, pois estes, al?m de servirem de moradia na nova configura??o urbana, t?m incorporado novas formas de interfer?ncia ambiental, sem que haja ao mesmo tempo o avan?o do conhecimento necess?rio para um uso mais adequado e racional dos espa?os litor?neos. Com isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a paisagem costeira da Praia de Ponta Negra, na cidade de Natal/RN, verificar e analisar os efeitos causados pela a??o antr?pica e natural, e como isto reflete na qualidade de vida da popula??o residente, trabalhadora e dos freq?entadores e tamb?m as transforma??es da paisagem da ?rea objeto de estudo, desde 1970 at? 2010. A metodologia utilizada seguiu duas etapas, a primeira correspondeu ao trabalho de gabinete levantamento bibliogr?fico e reda??o textual; e a segunda, ao trabalho emp?rico realiza??o da caracteriza??o ambiental e a aplica??o dos question?rios. Podemos ent?o, mensurar que Ponta Negra, est? muito suscept?vel as mudan?as ambientais, tanto ocasionadas pela din?mica natural da praia, quanto das a??es humanas sobre esse espa?o bastante fr?gil e mut?vel, necessitando assim, de um estudo sistem?tico mais aprofundado sobre a paisagem costeira. Para que haja uma minimiza??o da altera??o das paisagens nas zonas costeiras ? preciso que tenha uma gest?o integrada dos ambientes, com base no planejamento das a??es e no (re) ordenamento territorial das ocupa??es desses espa?os t?o importantes, tanto ambientalmente, quanto s?cio-economicamente. Pois, s? assim, teremos um desenvolvimento sustent?vel e um uso adequado desse espa?o

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HerlaniaPS_DISSERT_1-45.pdf: 7534616 bytes, checksum: 3b9b82337add04d86bda0fd400333033 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Environmental Protection area sof Pitimbu river are important tools for planning and territorial land management. The Pitimbu river protection is aided in laws, so much of Federal stamp, as the Brazilian s Forest Code (Law No. 4771/1965), and in State s and City s Resolutions. So, this research begins in the State s Law No. 8426/2003interpretations, for being the most restrictive in the river's margin occupation and management. The objective is to analyze the applicability of the Environmental Protection areas of Pitimbu river, localized at the State of Rio Grande do Norte, considering environmental legislation and how to use this space by the man. Having specific goals for the discussion of the legislation s scope to this river; the identification of the types of soil s covering and evaluation the effectiveness of Law N?.8426/2003, as protection instrument and land management. The river is characterized by its ecological importance and for feeding the Jiqui pond, an important reservoir that supplies 30% of drinking water to the east, west and south population sof the capital of the State. Pitimbu river is passing by a process of environmental degradation, originating from actions as deforestations of its ciliary forests by intensive agricultural practices; introduction of urban and industrial effluents leading to its contamination; increase of the pluvial drainage; erosion, sedimentation and discharge of urban waste , along with pressure for urban settlements along its banks. Under the methodological point of view is part of theoretical planning and land management research, and from a vision of social and environmental spaces. It was produced a survey map of the soil s covering, with 16 classes. Divided into coverage and disturbed natural covering. Using the 300 meters spatial limits of the Environmental Protection Strip, according to the State Law. The survey highlighted a higher percentage of classes disturbed, indicating man s interference in the balance of that system, as well as the lack of environmental actions. Leading to the degradation of riparian areas, and lack of conservation of water resources. Finally, it was considered that the strips of environmental protection are not effective as the preservation and territorial ordination / As Faixas de Prote??o Ambiental do rio Pitimbu s?o importantes instrumentos para o planejamento e ordenamento do territ?rio. A prote??o do rio Pitimbu est? amparada em leis, tanto de cunho Federal, como o C?digo Florestal Brasileiro (Lei n? 4.771 de 1965) quanto por Resolu??es, Leis Estaduais e Municipais. Assim, esta pesquisa parte da interpreta??o da Lei Estadual n? 8.426 de 2003, por ser a mais restritiva quanto ao uso e ocupa??o das margens do rio. O objetivo geral da mesma ? analisar a aplicabilidade das faixas de Prote??o Ambiental no rio Pitimbu/RN considerando a legisla??o ambiental e as formas de uso desse espa?o pelo homem. Tendo por objetivos espec?ficos a discuss?o da abrang?ncia da legisla??o para esse rio; a identifica??o dos tipos de cobertura do solo; e a avalia??o da efic?cia da Lei n? 8.426 de 2003, como instrumento de prote??o e gest?o territorial. Esse rio ? caracterizado pela sua import?ncia ecol?gica e por alimentar a lagoa do Jiqui, importante reservat?rio que fornece 30% de ?gua pot?vel para popula??o das regi?es Leste, Oeste e Sul da capital Potiguar. O rio Pitimbu passa por um processo de degrada??o ambiental, proveniente de a??es como os desmatamentos de suas matas ciliares pelas pr?ticas agr?colas intensivas; lan?amento de efluentes urbanos e industriais levando a sua contamina??o; aumento do escoamento pluvial; eros?o; assoreamento e despejo de lixo urbano, al?m da press?o para ocupa??o urbana em suas margens. Sob o ponto de vista metodol?gico est? pesquisa parte de referenciais te?ricos de planejamento e ordenamento do territ?rio e de uma vis?o socioambiental dos espa?os naturais. Foi produzido na pesquisa um Mapa de Cobertura do Solo, com 16 classes. Divididas em cobertura antropizada e cobertura natural. Usando o limite da espacializa??o das Faixas de Prote??o Ambiental de 300 metros, conforme a Lei Estadual acima. A pesquisa destacou um maior percentual de classes antropizadas, indicando interfer?ncia do homem no equil?brio desse sistema, assim como a falta de a??es ambientais. Levando a degrada??o de suas matas ciliares, e a falta de conserva??o dos recursos h?dricos. Por fim, considerou-se que as faixas de prote??o ambiental n?o s?o eficazes quanto ? preserva??o e ao ordenamento desse territ?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoAN_DISSERT.pdf: 2718531 bytes, checksum: 6137788e32741185e06f48395855f620 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The housing market in Mossor? Rio Grande do Norte (RN) - Brazil have expanded at present moment, causing important changes in the economy and altering the configuration of urban space in the city. However, the effects of this process adversely affect the poor population of the city, creating a series of social problems. This process becomes still more contradictory with the presence of the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida Program My House My Life (PMCMV). Although this program has to a central purpose (at least in theory) of solve part of the problem of housing scarcity in the country, in the practice its closely links to the logic of capital, stimulates the housing market, cooperating to increased speculation, contributing thus for the more expensive valor of urban land and buildings, putting up as an impediment to the poor population to access to homeownership and decent housing. In this perspective, this paper investigates the nature of the current process of expanding of housing market, animated largely by funds from the PMCMV, and its implications on the social and spatial dynamics of Mossor?, focusing especially the deepening of urban crisis and the contradictions of urban space in this city / O mercado imobili?rio residencial em Mossor? se expande no presente momento gerando transforma??es importantes no ?mbito da economia e alterando sobremaneira a configura??o do espa?o urbano do munic?pio. No entanto, os efeitos desse processo incidem negativamente sobre parte da popula??o pobre da cidade, gerando e agravando uma s?rie de problemas sociais. Esse processo torna-se ainda mais contradit?rio com a presen?a do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV). Embora esse Programa tenha por finalidade central (pelo menos em tese) resolver parte do problema da escassez da habita??o no pa?s, sua implementa??o, intimamente vinculada ? l?gica do capital, estimula o mercado de im?veis, cooperando para o aumento da especula??o imobili?ria, contribuindo, assim, para o encarecimento do solo urbano e dos im?veis, colocando-se como impedimento para a aquisi??o da casa pr?pria e da moradia digna, por parte da popula??o carente local. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho busca investigar, a natureza do atual processo de expans?o do mercado imobili?rio, animado em larga medida pelos recursos oriundos do PMCMV, e suas implica??es sobre a din?mica socioespacial de Mossor?, frisando, sobretudo, o aprofundamento da crise urbana e das contradi??es no e do espa?o urbano desse munic?pio

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaneLDVB_DISSERT.pdf: 4098874 bytes, checksum: 1c5f8725a46539a7195270349bccffb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This research aims the analysis of the urbanization process that has taken place in the coastal city of Tibau/RN in the period comprising 1980-2012, due to the (re) production of space to consumption of leisure and recreation, through the so called practice of Maritime Villeggiatura. Such practice exists so that people settle temporarily on the beach as a second home, interfering in the Regulation of the land use as well as in the urban planning of Tibau, promoting urbanization based in the logic of leisure, with enormous capacity for appropriation and space consumption. The practice of Maritime Villeggiatura in Tibau began in the late nineteenth century, becoming more relevant in the 1980s, when the practice became fashionable for the citizens of Mossor? City, in view of their economic strength, and consumption power to invest in this type of domicile. Tibau has become a great depository of second homes for leisure practice, which contributed even to the city administrative and political emancipation in 1997. The intensification of Real Estate activities, expanding second homes along the coast, results in the urbanization of Tibau territory with the assistance of Local Government, whom was interested in entering Tibau on the State tourism routes. The used methodology comprised literature review, data collection and local observation. Questionnaires were applied in the form of interviews to the villeggiaturistas, local residents, business and trade services local companies, a local agricultural firm named Agricultura Famosa Ltda., Municipal government and the Association of Senior Citizens of the municipality of Tibau. A photographic record was made to visualize the urbanization evolution of Tibau. It has also been taken georeference measures of the area object of study in this research, in order to analyze the use and occupation of the territory by urban and social agents villeggiaturistas and residents. The conclusion is that the urbanization process that has been taken in Tibau occurred along the coast shore, with low population density, and therefore creating difficulties to governance of the Municipal government. Real Estate Sector has been promoting the value increase of urban land in order to fragment the space with private condominiums segregating local resident population to outlying areas of the city, away from the coastline and lacking infrastructure and basic urban services / A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de urbaniza??o que vem ocorrendo no munic?pio litor?neo de Tibau/RN no per?odo que compreende 1980-2012, decorrente da (re) produ??o do espa?o para o consumo do ?cio e do lazer, por meio da pr?tica da Vilegiatura Mar?tima. Essa pr?tica visa fixar-se temporariamente na praia em segundas resid?ncias, interferindo no ordenamento e no uso do territ?rio urbano de Tibau, promovendo uma urbaniza??o pautada na l?gica do lazer, com enorme capacidade de apropria??o e consumo do espa?o. A pr?tica da Vilegiatura Mar?tima em Tibau iniciou-se no fim do s?culo XIX, tornando-se mais relevante na d?cada de 1980, quando tal pr?tica vira moda para os mossoroenses, diante de sua pujan?a econ?mica, como poder de consumo para investir nesse tipo de domic?lio. Tibau passa a ser um grande deposit?rio de segundas resid?ncias para a pr?tica do lazer, o que contribuiu, inclusive, para a sua emancipa??o pol?tica e administrativa em 1997. A intensifica??o das atividades do Setor Imobili?rio, expandindo as segundas resid?ncias ao longo do litoral, acaba por zonear o territ?rio urbano de Tibau com o aux?lio do Poder P?blico local, este interessado em inserir o munic?pio na rota tur?stica do Estado. A metodologia utilizada compreendeu levantamento bibliogr?fico, coleta de dados e observa??o em locus. Foram aplicados question?rios em forma de entrevistas aos vilegiaturistas, residentes, empres?rios de com?rcio e servi?os, a empresa de fruticultura Agr?cola Famosa Ltda., Poder P?blico Municipal e a Associa??o de Idosos do munic?pio. Foi feito o registro fotogr?fico, para visualizar a evolu??o da urbaniza??o de Tibau. Procedeu-se ao georeferenciamento do espa?o em foco, a fim de analisar o uso e ocupa??o do territ?rio urbano pelos agentes sociais vilegiaturistas e residentes. Conclui-se que a urbaniza??o que vem ocorrendo em Tibau se d? de forma estendida ao longo do litoral, com baixa densidade demogr?fica, e por isso de dif?cil governan?a por parte do poder p?blico municipal. Onde o Setor Imobili?rio vem promovendo a valoriza??o do solo urbano, de modo a fragmentar o espa?o com condom?nios fechados e segregar a popula??o de residentes para as ?reas perif?ricas da cidade, cada vez mais longe da faixa litor?nea e com car?ncias de infraestrutura e servi?os urbanos b?sicos

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseGN_DISSERT.pdf: 4321575 bytes, checksum: 1a203e9dbace0e1f9373d23aa06a4074 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-25 / This work aims to understand the ways in which the social practices and the scenery within a public space located at the city centre of Mossor? - RN, named `The Cultural Corridor` , are constructed. The public space in question will be looked at and analyzed considering it`s components and specificities that, in relation to each other, work as a `public scenario`. The concept of `scenario` is the key for explaining the human actions in the physical space, that is, in the Cultural Corridor. This work also discusses about the action of the public in general and the political groups, and their relationship, within the context of the social practices related to the use of the Cultural Corridor`s space / O objetivo desta pesquisa ? compreender como s?o desenvolvidas as pr?ticas sociais e os cen?rios em um conjunto de espa?os p?blicos localizados no centro da cidade de Mossor?-RN, denominado Corredor Cultural . Estes espa?os ser?o abordados levando em considera??o as propriedades e os componentes do espa?o p?blico, que, entrela?ados formam uma trama espacial entendida aqui como cena p?blica ou cen?rio. O cen?rio ? o conceito que explica a a??o dos sujeitos em uma plataforma f?sica, no caso, o Corredor Cultural. Este trabalho discute tamb?m a rela??o e o papel que usu?rios, grupos pol?ticos e organizados da sociedade civil desempenham em um espa?o p?blico, concretizando e estabelecendo as pr?ticas sociais nesse local

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoabMS.pdf: 1436441 bytes, checksum: b8de89f097ab89d839ac999284ae02b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The corporative strategies have been systematically changing since the middle of the 90?s by including measurement of satisfaction and loyalty of the consumers in their organization. strategies. This essay presents a study on the factors that influence on the satisfaction and loyalty of the consumers, and is based on national models of satisfaction rates. For this essay, the new Norwegian model was used. During the period of 01/06/03 until 02/14/03, a field research was developed and applied to 230 tourists visiting the city of Natal/RN / As estrat?gias corporativas v?m mudando desde meados da d?cada de 1990 de forma sistem?tica ao inclu?rem os fatores de medi??es da satisfa??o e da fidelidade dos consumidores em suas estrat?gias organizacionais. Tais mudan?as s?o oriundas da necessidade em aprimorar seus produtos e servi?os, de forma a maximizar a aceita??o e recompra do consumidor. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo dos fatores que influenciam a satisfa??o e a fidelidade dos consumidores, tendo como ferramenta de estudo e an?lise os modelos nacionais de ?ndices de satisfa??o. Para o presente trabalho, foi utilizado o novo modelo noruegu?s proposto. Foi desenvolvida e aplicada uma pesquisa de campo no per?odo de 06/01/03 a 14/02/03, com 230 turistas que visitaram a cidade do Natal/RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:52:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MiguelAFD.pdf: 2178470 bytes, checksum: c9994d5f64caab4ca2d21b20e964ccdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The objective of this research is the verification of the competition in the intecity market, after the entrance of new competitors (vans and microbus) regulated and clandestine. For verification of this new view was effected one research of documentary character for the knowledge of the regulation and exploratory character of the system Natal - territory of the Serid?, for thus in making will know this problematic, well as its characteristics, attractivenesses and development of the territory of the Serid?, and its link with the Capital (Natal). Later, through a descriptive exploratory research of the type survey with the passengers to know as these are being taken care and its satisfaction in relation to the regulated companies. With the drivers if focus effected one group, and with the staff of the of sale ticket a research survey, aiming at to know the strategies used for the only company of bus that takes care of the territory of the Serid?, the implantation of these and the consequence of the user. In accordance with the generic tipologia of Porter and its strategies, were perceived that the bus company adopted the strategy of price leadership being competitive, using to advantage its bigger space in the market, already vans and the microbuses with its limited participation bet in a strategy of "differentiation" in its service, effecting faster trips and in the strategy of "approach" we find the not regulated services earn the service to the taste of the user / O objetivo desta pesquisa ? a verifica??o da competi??o no mercado intermunicipal, ap?s a entrada de novos concorrentes (vans e micro?nibus) regulamentadas e ou clandestinas. Para verifica??o deste novo panorama efetuo-se uma pesquisa de car?ter documental para o conhecimento da regulamenta??o e car?ter explorat?rio do sistema Natal Regi?o do Serid?, para assim nos familiarizar com sua problem?tica, bem como suas caracter?sticas, atratividades e desenvolvimento da regi?o do Serid?, e seu elo com a Capital (Natal). Posteriormente, se realizou uma pesquisa explorat?ria descritiva do tipo survey com os passageiros para saber como estes est?o sendo atendidos e sua satisfa??o em rela??o ?s empresas regulamentadas. Com os motoristas se efetuou um focus group, e com o pessoal do guich? uma pesquisa survey, visando conhecer as estrat?gias utilizadas pela ?nica empresa de ?nibus que atende a regi?o do Serid?, a implanta??o destas e o reflexo do usu?rio. De acordo com a tipologia de Porter e suas estrat?gias gen?ricas, percebeu-se que a empresa de ?nibus adotou a estrat?gia de lideran?a de pre?o para ser competitiva, aproveitando a sua melhor coloca??o no mercado, j? as vans e os micro?nibus com sua limitada participa??o apostam numa estrat?gia de diferencia??o no seu servi?o, efetuando viagens mais r?pidas e na estrat?gia de enfoque encontramos os servi?os n?o regulamentares ganha no servi?o ao gosto do usu?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarianaAG.pdf: 3963157 bytes, checksum: cc091cd1c2924753880ccab3071ef30c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-30 / In some species parental care is vital to survival. Many studies have reported various parental care behaviours in cetaceans. In Sotalia guianensis, some behaviours have been already described and linked to parental care. However, many aspects are still unknown and all these information might be important for the species conservation. The aim of the present study was minimize these gaps, showing the options involved in the marine tucuxi parental care. The observations took place in Enseada do Curral, located in Pipa, Tibal do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte Coast. Between January and December of 2005 the local population of tucuxi was observed during 42 days. The methods used were Focal Animal and Ad Libitum. The results suggest that calves are present in the bay all year long. Groups with calves had a mean of 6,9 animals, allowing the animals to participate in different activities in the group besides caring. The calves created different associations, being usually followed by an adult. In groups, the calves stay mainly in the centre, which offers them protection. Calves remained next to the adults tail, facilitating breastfeeding. The calves most noticeable activities were those in the surface and the behaviour frequencies decreased, in general, in the presence of human swimmers and boats, what could be considered a threat to the animals. Adults shared positions when caring for calves, suggesting allomaternal care; food transfer from adults to calves was observed, which might be related to diet acquisition; three non-described behaviours were seen, indicating a diversified behavioural repertoire for this species / Em algumas esp?cies o cuidado ao filhote ? primordial para sua sobreviv?ncia. Muitos estudos foram e s?o realizados relacionando diferentes comportamentos apresentados pelos cet?ceos no cuidado dos filhotes. Para a esp?cie Sotalia guianensis, alguns comportamentos j? foram estudados e associados ao cuidado. Entretanto, muitos aspectos ainda s?o desconhecidos e estas informa??es podem ser representativas para sua conserva??o. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo minimizar estas lacunas, descrevendo vari?veis envolvidas no comportamento de cuidado ao filhote de boto cinza. As observa??es foram realizadas na enseada do Curral, situada no distrito de Pipa, munic?pio de Tibau do Sul, localizada no litoral sul do Rio Grande de Norte, durante 42 dias entre janeiro e dezembro de 2005. Os m?todos utilizados foram Animal Focal e Ad Libitum. Os resultados n?o mostraram diferen?a significativa na presen?a de filhotes ao longo do ano. Os grupos com filhotes s?o compostos em m?dia por 6,9 animais, permitindo desta forma que os animais que participam do grupo realizem outras atividades al?m do cuidado. Os filhotes formaram diferentes associa??es, sendo freq?entemente acompanhados por um adulto. Quando em grupo, filhotes se posicionaram preferencialmente no centro, o que pode lhes fornecer prote??o. Em rela??o ao adulto, filhotes se mantiveram posicionados pr?ximo ao ped?nculo, o que pode facilitar sua amamenta??o. As atividades de superf?cie foram os comportamentos mais registrados e as atividades comportamentais dos filhotes em geral, decresceram na presen?a de barcos e banhistas, podendo estes fatores representar amea?a aos animais. Foi observado revezamento de golfinhos adultos no cuidado ao filhote, indicando cuidado alomaterno; a transfer?ncia de alimento de adultos para filhotes, que pode estar relacionado com o aprendizado sobre sua alimenta??o; e tr?s comportamentos ainda n?o descritos para a esp?cie na regi?o, que podem indicar um diversificado repert?rio comportamental na esp?cie

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SandraMAA.pdf: 1203751 bytes, checksum: dde7c569f3d043e9bcc9909cdb14baec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-30 / The behavioral patterns follow to environmental changes, including area fidelity and individuals association patterns. Several techniques are used to record these behavioral patterns and the photo-identification has been suggested as a proper tool because of its various advantages. Based on this technique, this research verified, between August of 2005 and January of 2006, area fidelity and association patterns of Sotalia guianensis, at Distrito de Pipa s bays, Rio Grande do Norte State south coast. Besides, we measured the association patterns by using the Jaccard index or Half-Weight Index (HWI). According the observation, 22 individuals were not resighted, 11 were resighted, and 36 new individuals were recorded. Nowadays, 69 individuals are cataloged. The residency rate indicated heterogeneity on studied area permanence and the association patterns between photo-identified seem to be context-specific. In addiction, the comparison of associations between two different age classes showed some individuals more frequently interacting with immature individuals. We also observed fluidity on association patterns among our individuals. We suggest that S. guianensis population from Pipa shows plasticity / Os padr?es comportamentais acompanham as mudan?as ambientais, incluindo fidelidade ? ?rea e associa??o entre indiv?duos. Dentre as diversas t?cnicas utilizadas para o registro desses padr?es comportamentais, a foto-identifica??o tem sido sugerida como ferramenta adequada por apresentar in?meras vantagens. Baseada nessa t?cnica, esta pesquisa verificou, entre agosto de 2005 e janeiro de 2006, fidelidade ? ?rea e padr?es de associa??o utilizados por indiv?duos da esp?cie Sotalia guianensis, nas enseadas do Distrito de Pipa, litoral sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Al?m disso, para mensurar os padr?es de associa??o utilizou-se do ?ndice de similaridade de Jaccard ou Half-Weight Index (HWI). Durante o per?odo de observa??o, 22 indiv?duos n?o foram reavistados, 11 recapturados e 36 novos registros foram obtidos. Atualmente, est?o catalogados 69 indiv?duos. A taxa de resid?ncia apontou heterogeneidade de perman?ncia na ?rea estudada e os padr?es de associa??o entre os indiv?duos foto-identificados parecem ser espec?ficos de determinados contextos comportamentais. Enquanto que a compara??o das associa??es entre as diferentes faixas et?rias mostrou que determinados indiv?duos interagiram em maior freq??ncia com indiv?duos imaturos. Observou-se, ainda, fluidez no padr?o de associa??es entre os indiv?duos amostrados. Sugere-se que a popula??o de S. guianensis que utilizam a regi?o de Pipa apresenta elevada plasticidade

Une arithmétique sûre et efficace est un élément clé pour exécuter des calculs rapides et sûrs. Le choix du système numérique et des algorithmes arithmétiques est important. Nous présentons une nouvelle représentation des nombres, les "RN-codes", telle que tronquer un RN-code à une précision donnée est équivalent à l'arrondir au plus près. Nous donnons des algorithmes arithmétiques pour manipuler ces RN-codes et introduisons le concept de "RN-code en virgule flottante." Lors de l'implantation d'une fonction f en arithmétique flottante, si l'on veut toujours donner le nombre flottant le plus proche de f(x), il faut déterminer si f(x) est au-dessus ou en-dessous du plus proche "midpoint", un "midpoint" étant le milieu de deux nombres flottants consécutifs. Pour ce faire, le calcul est d'abord fait avec une certaine précision, et si cela ne suffit pas, le calcul est recommencé avec une précision de plus en plus grande. Ce processus ne s'arrête pas si f(x) est un midpoint. Étant donné une fonction algébrique f, soit nous montrons qu'il n'y a pas de nombres flottants x tel que f(x) est un midpoint, soit nous les caractérisons ou les énumérons. Depuis le PowerPC d'IBM, la division en binaire a été fréquemment implantée à l'aide de variantes de l'itération de Newton-Raphson dues à Peter Markstein. Cette itération est très rapide, mais il faut y apporter beaucoup de soin si l'on veut obtenir le nombre flottant le plus proche du quotient exact. Nous étudions comment fusionner efficacement les itérations de Markstein avec les itérations de Goldschmidt, plus rapides mais moins précises. Nous examinons également si ces itérations peuvent être utilisées pour l'arithmétique flottante décimale. Nous fournissons des bornes d'erreurs sûres et précises pour ces algorithmes. / Efficient and reliable computer arithmetic is a key requirement to perform fast and reliable numerical computations. The choice of the number system and the choice of the arithmetic algorithms are important. We present a new representation of numbers, the "RN-codings", such that truncating a RN-coded number to some position is equivalent to rounding it to the nearest. We give some arithmetic algorithms for manipulating RN-codings and introduce the concept of "floating-point RN-codings". When implementing a function f in floating-point arithmetic, if we wish to always return the floating-point number nearest f(x), one must be able to determine if f(x) is above or below the closest "midpoint", where a midpoint is the middle of two consecutive floating-point numbers. This determination is first done with some given precision, and if it does not suffice, we start again with higher precision, and so on. This process may not terminate if f(x) can be a midpoint. Given an algebraic function f, we try either to show that there are no floating-point numbers x such that f(x) is a midpoint, or we try to enumerate or characterize them. Since the IBM PowerPC, binary division has frequently been implemented using variants of the Newton-Raphson iteration due to Peter Markstein. This iteration is very fast, but much care is needed if we aim at always returning the floating-point number nearest the exact quotient. We investigate a way of efficiently merging Markstein iterations with faster yet less accurate iterations called Goldschmidt iterations. We also investigate whether those iterations can be used for decimal floating-point arithmetic. We provide sure and tight error bounds for these algorithms.